{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4403807010","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2024.1430740","title":"Distributed intelligence in industrial and automotive cyber\u2013physical systems: a review","display_name":"Distributed intelligence in industrial and automotive cyber\u2013physical systems: a review","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-10-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4403807010","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2024.1430740","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39529821"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/frobt.2024.1430740","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2024.1430740","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595095599","display_name":"Frontiers in Robotics and AI","issn_l":"2296-9144","issn":["2296-9144"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Robotics and AI","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2024.1430740","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001993723","display_name":"Nikos Piperigkos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0262-7619"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135709","display_name":"Industrial Systems Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02sy6k521","country_code":"GR","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210135709"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nikos Piperigkos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Industrial Systems Institute, Athena Research Center, Patras, Greece"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Industrial Systems Institute, Athena Research Center, Patras, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135709"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032192439","display_name":"\u0391\u03bb\u03ad\u03be\u03b1\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u0393\u03ba\u03af\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03c2","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5339-2018"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135709","display_name":"Industrial Systems Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02sy6k521","country_code":"GR","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210135709"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alexandros Gkillas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Industrial Systems Institute, Athena Research Center, Patras, Greece"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Industrial Systems Institute, Athena Research Center, Patras, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135709"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003278899","display_name":"Gerasimos Arvanitis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8149-5188"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174878644","display_name":"University of Patras","ror":"https://ror.org/017wvtq80","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174878644"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gerasimos Arvanitis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Patras, Patras, Greece"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Patras, Patras, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174878644"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061959060","display_name":"Stavros Nousias","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2811-235X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stavros Nousias","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chair of Computational Modeling and Simulation, School of Engineering and Design, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chair of Computational Modeling and Simulation, School of Engineering and Design, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086877328","display_name":"Aris S. Lalos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0511-9302"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135709","display_name":"Industrial Systems Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02sy6k521","country_code":"GR","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210135709"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aris Lalos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Industrial Systems Institute, Athena Research Center, Patras, Greece"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Industrial Systems Institute, Athena Research Center, Patras, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135709"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073797976","display_name":"Apostolos P. Fournaris","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4758-2349"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135709","display_name":"Industrial Systems Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02sy6k521","country_code":"GR","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210135709"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Apostolos Fournaris","raw_affiliation_strings":["Industrial Systems Institute, Athena Research Center, Patras, Greece"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Industrial Systems Institute, Athena Research Center, Patras, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135709"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025891312","display_name":"Panagiotis Radoglou\u2010Grammatikis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1605-9413"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I89506807","display_name":"University of Western Macedonia","ror":"https://ror.org/00a5pe906","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I89506807"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Panagiotis Radoglou-Grammatikis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Western Macedonia, Kozani, Greece","K3Y Ltd., Sofia, Bulgaria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Western Macedonia, Kozani, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I89506807"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"K3Y Ltd., Sofia, Bulgaria","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050756789","display_name":"Panagiotis Sarigiannidis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6042-0355"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I89506807","display_name":"University of Western Macedonia","ror":"https://ror.org/00a5pe906","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I89506807"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Panagiotis Sarigiannidis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Western Macedonia, Kozani, Greece"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Western Macedonia, Kozani, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I89506807"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109963015","display_name":"\u039a\u03c9\u03bd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u039c\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03ba\u03b1\u03c2","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7617-227X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174878644","display_name":"University of Patras","ror":"https://ror.org/017wvtq80","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174878644"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Konstantinos Moustakas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Patras, Patras, Greece"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Patras, Patras, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174878644"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5032192439"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135709"],"apc_list":{"value":1900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1900},"apc_paid":{"value":1900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1900},"fwci":3.209,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92302622,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"1430740","last_page":"1430740"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10763","display_name":"Digital Transformation in Industry","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10763","display_name":"Digital Transformation in Industry","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11741","display_name":"Flexible and Reconfigurable Manufacturing Systems","score":0.9865999817848206,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.9779000282287598,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyber-physical-system","display_name":"Cyber-physical system","score":0.8560559749603271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7234119176864624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-industry","display_name":"Automotive industry","score":0.6985719203948975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/situation-awareness","display_name":"Situation awareness","score":0.5760827660560608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/system-of-systems","display_name":"System of systems","score":0.5302538275718689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usability","display_name":"Usability","score":0.4880880117416382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptation","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","score":0.48381561040878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.43294164538383484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.4104680120944977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.39175447821617126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management","display_name":"Knowledge management","score":0.3761116564273834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.3535938560962677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-management","display_name":"Process management","score":0.34397652745246887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-design","display_name":"Systems design","score":0.24133533239364624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.23450937867164612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.13020655512809753}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179768478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120057","display_name":"Cyber-physical system","level":2,"score":0.8560559749603271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7234119176864624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526921623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190117","display_name":"Automotive industry","level":2,"score":0.6985719203948975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145804949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q478123","display_name":"Situation awareness","level":2,"score":0.5760827660560608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87912763","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7663737","display_name":"System of systems","level":3,"score":0.5302538275718689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170130773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216378","display_name":"Usability","level":2,"score":0.4880880117416382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139807058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352374","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","level":2,"score":0.48381561040878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.43294164538383484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.4104680120944977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.39175447821617126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.3761116564273834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.3535938560962677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.34397652745246887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31352089","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3750474","display_name":"Systems design","level":2,"score":0.24133533239364624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.23450937867164612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13020655512809753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/frobt.2024.1430740","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2024.1430740","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595095599","display_name":"Frontiers in Robotics and AI","issn_l":"2296-9144","issn":["2296-9144"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Robotics and AI","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:39529821","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39529821","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in robotics and AI","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11551047","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11551047","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Front Robot AI","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f50e3791084a4c2c80cd4d0a66cb148f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f50e3791084a4c2c80cd4d0a66cb148f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Robotics and AI, Vol 11 (2024)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mediatum.ub.tum.de:node/1763618","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://mediatum.ub.tum.de/1763618","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196330","display_name":"mediaTUM  (Technical University of Munich)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","host_organization_name":"Technical University of Munich","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/frobt.2024.1430740","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2024.1430740","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595095599","display_name":"Frontiers in Robotics and AI","issn_l":"2296-9144","issn":["2296-9144"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Robotics and AI","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.49000000953674316,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":352,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W24089286","https://openalex.org/W81224430","https://openalex.org/W182571476","https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W815391196","https://openalex.org/W1494198834","https://openalex.org/W1512698229","https://openalex.org/W1520986158","https://openalex.org/W1536078990","https://openalex.org/W1546721700","https://openalex.org/W1600820485","https://openalex.org/W1612997784","https://openalex.org/W1796263212","https://openalex.org/W1861492603","https://openalex.org/W1927052826","https://openalex.org/W1934296551","https://openalex.org/W1963599662","https://openalex.org/W1969324951","https://openalex.org/W1975615667","https://openalex.org/W1978255623","https://openalex.org/W1988268405","https://openalex.org/W1990101796","https://openalex.org/W2003307877","https://openalex.org/W2012197287","https://openalex.org/W2012885984","https://openalex.org/W2019177772","https://openalex.org/W2021760780","https://openalex.org/W2024562532","https://openalex.org/W2028347417","https://openalex.org/W2032558548","https://openalex.org/W2034014085","https://openalex.org/W2035922091","https://openalex.org/W2036914987","https://openalex.org/W2046074714","https://openalex.org/W2047508432","https://openalex.org/W2048063490","https://openalex.org/W2049981393","https://openalex.org/W2058961190","https://openalex.org/W2062305196","https://openalex.org/W2063463795","https://openalex.org/W2066359650","https://openalex.org/W2069287462","https://openalex.org/W2080873731","https://openalex.org/W2084326765","https://openalex.org/W2091226544","https://openalex.org/W2102605133","https://openalex.org/W2102664783","https://openalex.org/W2109255472","https://openalex.org/W2120353515","https://openalex.org/W2126579184","https://openalex.org/W2130940933","https://openalex.org/W2134287203","https://openalex.org/W2135533529","https://openalex.org/W2139933713","https://openalex.org/W2140131490","https://openalex.org/W2144491133","https://openalex.org/W2146948159","https://openalex.org/W2151290401","https://openalex.org/W2160821342","https://openalex.org/W2161801364","https://openalex.org/W2169096120","https://openalex.org/W2219431285","https://openalex.org/W2234876530","https://openalex.org/W2253212288","https://openalex.org/W2254701023","https://openalex.org/W2281572045","https://openalex.org/W2284628133","https://openalex.org/W2289371355","https://openalex.org/W2296816139","https://openalex.org/W2327669095","https://openalex.org/W2398173124","https://openalex.org/W2398312881","https://openalex.org/W2415454270","https://openalex.org/W2437528569","https://openalex.org/W2471695703","https://openalex.org/W2474281075","https://openalex.org/W2491272791","https://openalex.org/W2506173115","https://openalex.org/W2516763503","https://openalex.org/W2534201903","https://openalex.org/W2535125107","https://openalex.org/W2535547924","https://openalex.org/W2535597941","https://openalex.org/W2558294288","https://openalex.org/W2560307227","https://openalex.org/W2561515991","https://openalex.org/W2565639579","https://openalex.org/W2566401823","https://openalex.org/W2573098616","https://openalex.org/W2579357702","https://openalex.org/W2579998546","https://openalex.org/W2599420309","https://openalex.org/W2619947201","https://openalex.org/W2703583150","https://openalex.org/W2734704977","https://openalex.org/W2735964437","https://openalex.org/W2736876693","https://openalex.org/W2747188110","https://openalex.org/W2750669109","https://openalex.org/W2765218414","https://openalex.org/W2765570813","https://openalex.org/W2765905728","https://openalex.org/W2767497603","https://openalex.org/W2780834150","https://openalex.org/W2785394676","https://openalex.org/W2785694322","https://openalex.org/W2791526950","https://openalex.org/W2791639158","https://openalex.org/W2797583228","https://openalex.org/W2804346170","https://openalex.org/W2805020273","https://openalex.org/W2811391117","https://openalex.org/W2831552117","https://openalex.org/W2844672055","https://openalex.org/W2884367402","https://openalex.org/W2886186576","https://openalex.org/W2886830547","https://openalex.org/W2887793820","https://openalex.org/W2888107732","https://openalex.org/W2888891032","https://openalex.org/W2892046417","https://openalex.org/W2897529137","https://openalex.org/W2901253208","https://openalex.org/W2901630465","https://openalex.org/W2903090205","https://openalex.org/W2904673831","https://openalex.org/W2909908358","https://openalex.org/W2913362834","https://openalex.org/W2913720370","https://openalex.org/W2917161534","https://openalex.org/W2932475397","https://openalex.org/W2943923434","https://openalex.org/W2944006115","https://openalex.org/W2944289193","https://openalex.org/W2944299032","https://openalex.org/W2945116741","https://openalex.org/W2945357379","https://openalex.org/W2949708697","https://openalex.org/W2950800384","https://openalex.org/W2955562114","https://openalex.org/W2959682984","https://openalex.org/W2961623960","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W2963040451","https://openalex.org/W2963087201","https://openalex.org/W2963323939","https://openalex.org/W2963727135","https://openalex.org/W2963876278","https://openalex.org/W2964014798","https://openalex.org/W2964134613","https://openalex.org/W2964180302","https://openalex.org/W2964344300","https://openalex.org/W2967152818","https://openalex.org/W2968296999","https://openalex.org/W2971453594","https://openalex.org/W2975745324","https://openalex.org/W2979768454","https://openalex.org/W2980581183","https://openalex.org/W2981831566","https://openalex.org/W2982681137","https://openalex.org/W2986305485","https://openalex.org/W2990236061","https://openalex.org/W2990444299","https://openalex.org/W2994508843","https://openalex.org/W2995181338","https://openalex.org/W2995666333","https://openalex.org/W2995786667","https://openalex.org/W2996012538","https://openalex.org/W2996759437","https://openalex.org/W2997188997","https://openalex.org/W2997902937","https://openalex.org/W2999890874","https://openalex.org/W3001592287","https://openalex.org/W3003755145","https://openalex.org/W3006754479","https://openalex.org/W3012416849","https://openalex.org/W3015986553","https://openalex.org/W3016232124","https://openalex.org/W3021134042","https://openalex.org/W3021135576","https://openalex.org/W3021829494","https://openalex.org/W3030437843","https://openalex.org/W3033205878","https://openalex.org/W3034681945","https://openalex.org/W3034971973","https://openalex.org/W3036642068","https://openalex.org/W3037834680","https://openalex.org/W3040406603","https://openalex.org/W3040806975","https://openalex.org/W3067049252","https://openalex.org/W3085294687","https://openalex.org/W3088805731","https://openalex.org/W3089700932","https://openalex.org/W3092085609","https://openalex.org/W3092366199","https://openalex.org/W3092366396","https://openalex.org/W3093572807","https://openalex.org/W3095934942","https://openalex.org/W3096193793","https://openalex.org/W3098890990","https://openalex.org/W3100465494","https://openalex.org/W3102327032","https://openalex.org/W3106250896","https://openalex.org/W3107435443","https://openalex.org/W3108848348","https://openalex.org/W3109340983","https://openalex.org/W3109354406","https://openalex.org/W3110017807","https://openalex.org/W3111285533","https://openalex.org/W3114654707","https://openalex.org/W3114763066","https://openalex.org/W3114957460","https://openalex.org/W3117050214","https://openalex.org/W3117462755","https://openalex.org/W3118292858","https://openalex.org/W3119981513","https://openalex.org/W3123928227","https://openalex.org/W3129920713","https://openalex.org/W3135223981","https://openalex.org/W3141466727","https://openalex.org/W3144613747","https://openalex.org/W3160603872","https://openalex.org/W3177276051","https://openalex.org/W3181735927","https://openalex.org/W3192562956","https://openalex.org/W3195534059","https://openalex.org/W3197929164","https://openalex.org/W3198896619","https://openalex.org/W3200986238","https://openalex.org/W3201111605","https://openalex.org/W3203057282","https://openalex.org/W3205056669","https://openalex.org/W3208586224","https://openalex.org/W3215234199","https://openalex.org/W4200074249","https://openalex.org/W4206377026","https://openalex.org/W4206645116","https://openalex.org/W4211009320","https://openalex.org/W4212863220","https://openalex.org/W4225647646","https://openalex.org/W4242324762","https://openalex.org/W4244565136","https://openalex.org/W4247246340","https://openalex.org/W4247684541","https://openalex.org/W4247988584","https://openalex.org/W4249279051","https://openalex.org/W4249345490","https://openalex.org/W4285507547","https://openalex.org/W4287835673","https://openalex.org/W4288257836","https://openalex.org/W4293584584","https://openalex.org/W4295008010","https://openalex.org/W4303644424","https://openalex.org/W4310078553","https://openalex.org/W4312281791","https://openalex.org/W4312293812","https://openalex.org/W4312806087","https://openalex.org/W4313527145","https://openalex.org/W4313890180","https://openalex.org/W4317937897","https://openalex.org/W4318586191","https://openalex.org/W4318827691","https://openalex.org/W4320921952","https://openalex.org/W4361988464","https://openalex.org/W4362514681","https://openalex.org/W4366528088","https://openalex.org/W4367399832","https://openalex.org/W4379536815","https://openalex.org/W4385483372","https://openalex.org/W4387757694","https://openalex.org/W4388469769","https://openalex.org/W4388919330","https://openalex.org/W4389493267","https://openalex.org/W4394065341","https://openalex.org/W4394728206","https://openalex.org/W4399800919","https://openalex.org/W4400276313","https://openalex.org/W6627976785","https://openalex.org/W6628973269","https://openalex.org/W6629717138","https://openalex.org/W6630598850","https://openalex.org/W6631168127","https://openalex.org/W6631782140","https://openalex.org/W6632527116","https://openalex.org/W6640295108","https://openalex.org/W6640373230","https://openalex.org/W6659182278","https://openalex.org/W6659594763","https://openalex.org/W6662058050","https://openalex.org/W6662190528","https://openalex.org/W6662335928","https://openalex.org/W6665192373","https://openalex.org/W6670699758","https://openalex.org/W6675026286","https://openalex.org/W6678518913","https://openalex.org/W6678616107","https://openalex.org/W6680263906","https://openalex.org/W6680640949","https://openalex.org/W6681569362","https://openalex.org/W6683433371","https://openalex.org/W6688845217","https://openalex.org/W6689447360","https://openalex.org/W6695553435","https://openalex.org/W6697034240","https://openalex.org/W6697304529","https://openalex.org/W6720541802","https://openalex.org/W6730022577","https://openalex.org/W6730780348","https://openalex.org/W6730903564","https://openalex.org/W6731870365","https://openalex.org/W6735463952","https://openalex.org/W6739762988","https://openalex.org/W6741364651","https://openalex.org/W6744491654","https://openalex.org/W6745896446","https://openalex.org/W6750665317","https://openalex.org/W6753808104","https://openalex.org/W6754092531","https://openalex.org/W6754507862","https://openalex.org/W6756795685","https://openalex.org/W6756841172","https://openalex.org/W6757384202","https://openalex.org/W6757792036","https://openalex.org/W6758269925","https://openalex.org/W6761782720","https://openalex.org/W6763452917","https://openalex.org/W6765784788","https://openalex.org/W6767619714","https://openalex.org/W6769069549","https://openalex.org/W6769359269","https://openalex.org/W6770600958","https://openalex.org/W6771812881","https://openalex.org/W6772595511","https://openalex.org/W6772857435","https://openalex.org/W6773990164","https://openalex.org/W6774623646","https://openalex.org/W6776486937","https://openalex.org/W6783674705","https://openalex.org/W6783963920","https://openalex.org/W6784516969","https://openalex.org/W6785367258","https://openalex.org/W6785652829","https://openalex.org/W6785838103","https://openalex.org/W6786127758","https://openalex.org/W6786845173","https://openalex.org/W6787730462","https://openalex.org/W6787805548","https://openalex.org/W6790303262","https://openalex.org/W6792110894","https://openalex.org/W6798506554","https://openalex.org/W6841722566","https://openalex.org/W6955071965"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2429057255","https://openalex.org/W2187546663","https://openalex.org/W148745890","https://openalex.org/W2904890372","https://openalex.org/W2756692340","https://openalex.org/W2142316787","https://openalex.org/W3089335139","https://openalex.org/W295680712","https://openalex.org/W2294709494","https://openalex.org/W2012880617"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cyber-physical":[0],"systems":[1,7,11,24,30,103,149,172],"(CPSs)":[2],"are":[3,28,47,142],"evolving":[4,143],"from":[5],"individual":[6,69],"to":[8,14,59,68,85,99,106,124,244],"collectives":[9],"of":[10,23,55,64,74,102,110,150,155,165,215,235],"that":[12,57],"collaborate":[13,84],"achieve":[15],"highly":[16,146],"complex":[17],"goals,":[18],"realizing":[19],"a":[20,108,162,175],"cyber-physical":[21,148,171],"system":[22,73,101],"(CPSoSs)":[25],"approach.":[26],"They":[27],"heterogeneous":[29],"comprising":[31],"various":[32],"autonomous":[33],"CPSs,":[34],"each":[35],"with":[36],"unique":[37],"performance":[38],"capabilities,":[39],"priorities,":[40],"and":[41,53,83,89,133,173,180,195,198,210,247],"pursued":[42],"goals.":[43],"In":[44],"practice,":[45],"there":[46],"significant":[48,130,135],"challenges":[49],"in":[50,169,223],"the":[51,72,91,100,125,156,213,216,220,228],"applicability":[52],"usability":[54],"CPSoSs":[56,65],"need":[58],"be":[60],"addressed.":[61],"The":[62,94,183,201],"decentralization":[63],"assigns":[66],"tasks":[67],"CPSs":[70,77],"within":[71],"systems.":[75],"All":[76],"should":[78],"harmonically":[79],"pursue":[80],"system-based":[81],"achievements":[82],"make":[86],"system-of-system-based":[87],"decisions":[88,225],"implement":[90],"CPSoS":[92,250],"functionality.":[93],"automotive":[95,122],"domain":[96],"is":[97,240],"transitioning":[98],"approach,":[104],"aiming":[105],"provide":[107],"series":[109],"emergent":[111],"functionalities":[112],"like":[113],"traffic":[114],"management,":[115,119],"collaborative":[116],"car":[117],"fleet":[118],"or":[120],"large-scale":[121,249],"adaptation":[123],"physical":[126],"environment,":[127],"thus":[128],"providing":[129],"environmental":[131],"benefits":[132],"achieving":[134],"societal":[136],"impact.":[137],"Similarly,":[138],"large":[139],"infrastructure":[140],"domains":[141],"into":[144],"global,":[145],"integrated":[147],"systems,":[151],"covering":[152],"all":[153],"parts":[154],"value":[157],"chain.":[158],"This":[159],"survey":[160],"provides":[161],"comprehensive":[163],"review":[164],"current":[166],"best":[167],"practices":[168],"connected":[170],"investigates":[174],"dual-layer":[176],"architecture":[177],"entailing":[178],"perception":[179,185,217],"behavioral":[181,202],"components.":[182],"presented":[184],"layer":[186,203,218],"entails":[187],"object":[188],"detection,":[189],"cooperative":[190,193],"scene":[191],"analysis,":[192],"localization":[194],"path":[196],"planning,":[197],"human-centric":[199],"perception.":[200],"focuses":[204],"on":[205],"human-in-the-loop":[206],"(HITL)-centric":[207],"decision":[208],"making":[209,224],"control,":[211],"where":[212],"output":[214],"assists":[219],"human":[221],"operator":[222],"while":[226],"monitoring":[227],"operator's":[229],"state.":[230],"Finally,":[231],"an":[232],"extended":[233],"overview":[234],"digital":[236],"twin":[237],"(DT)":[238],"paradigms":[239],"provided":[241],"so":[242],"as":[243],"simulate,":[245],"realize,":[246],"optimize":[248],"ecosystems.":[251]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
