{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401768361","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2024.1385780","title":"Social robots as skilled ignorant peers for supporting learning","display_name":"Social robots as skilled ignorant peers for supporting learning","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-08-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401768361","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2024.1385780","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39238948"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/frobt.2024.1385780","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2024.1385780","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/robotics-and-ai/articles/10.3389/frobt.2024.1385780/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595095599","display_name":"Frontiers in Robotics and AI","issn_l":"2296-9144","issn":["2296-9144"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Robotics and AI","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/robotics-and-ai/articles/10.3389/frobt.2024.1385780/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017727950","display_name":"Jauwairia Nasir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6203-1510"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I179225836","display_name":"University of Augsburg","ror":"https://ror.org/03p14d497","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179225836"]}],"countries":["CH","DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jauwairia Nasir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chair of Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany","Computer Human Interaction for Learning and Instruction Lab, \u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chair of Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179225836"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Human Interaction for Learning and Instruction Lab, \u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039847272","display_name":"Barbara Bruno","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0953-7173"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["CH","DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Barbara Bruno","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Human Interaction for Learning and Instruction Lab, \u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland","Socially Assistive Robotics with Artificial Intelligence Lab, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Human Interaction for Learning and Instruction Lab, \u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Socially Assistive Robotics with Artificial Intelligence Lab, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083821830","display_name":"Pierre Dillenbourg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9455-5119"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pierre Dillenbourg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Human Interaction for Learning and Instruction Lab, \u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Human Interaction for Learning and Instruction Lab, \u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5017727950"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179225836","https://openalex.org/I5124864"],"apc_list":{"value":1900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1900},"apc_paid":{"value":1900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1900},"fwci":3.3498,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9196984,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"1385780","last_page":"1385780"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10709","display_name":"Social Robot Interaction and HRI","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10709","display_name":"Social Robot Interaction and HRI","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10462","display_name":"Reinforcement Learning in Robotics","score":0.963699996471405,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12128","display_name":"AI in Service Interactions","score":0.9592000246047974,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.6736237406730652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6370936036109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.509046733379364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain-knowledge","display_name":"Domain knowledge","score":0.4997365474700928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychological-intervention","display_name":"Psychological intervention","score":0.468558132648468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.4594572186470032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reflection","display_name":"Reflection (computer programming)","score":0.45509690046310425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intervention","display_name":"Intervention (counseling)","score":0.43593692779541016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management","display_name":"Knowledge management","score":0.3902323246002197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3534606695175171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.35180458426475525}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.6736237406730652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6370936036109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.509046733379364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207685749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2088941","display_name":"Domain knowledge","level":2,"score":0.4997365474700928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382","display_name":"Psychological intervention","level":2,"score":0.468558132648468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.4594572186470032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65682993","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056451","display_name":"Reflection (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.45509690046310425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780665704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959298","display_name":"Intervention (counseling)","level":2,"score":0.43593692779541016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.3902323246002197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3534606695175171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.35180458426475525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/frobt.2024.1385780","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2024.1385780","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/robotics-and-ai/articles/10.3389/frobt.2024.1385780/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595095599","display_name":"Frontiers in Robotics and AI","issn_l":"2296-9144","issn":["2296-9144"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Robotics and AI","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:39238948","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39238948","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in robotics and AI","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11375219","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11375219","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Front Robot AI","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:06e9baf8851c45a29a1c7f545cc796bb","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/06e9baf8851c45a29a1c7f545cc796bb","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Robotics and AI, Vol 11 (2024)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:uni-augsburg.opus-bayern.de:115282","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bvb:384-opus4-1152829","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400930","display_name":"OPUS (Augsburg University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I119916105","host_organization_name":"Augsburg University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119916105"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"doc-type:article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/frobt.2024.1385780","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2024.1385780","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/robotics-and-ai/articles/10.3389/frobt.2024.1385780/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595095599","display_name":"Frontiers in Robotics and AI","issn_l":"2296-9144","issn":["2296-9144"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Robotics and AI","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320915","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4401768361.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4401768361.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":61,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W103982469","https://openalex.org/W1992809728","https://openalex.org/W2070029678","https://openalex.org/W2075758881","https://openalex.org/W2090902583","https://openalex.org/W2108617939","https://openalex.org/W2169570446","https://openalex.org/W2181523240","https://openalex.org/W2210403097","https://openalex.org/W2336960426","https://openalex.org/W2401880028","https://openalex.org/W2486509684","https://openalex.org/W2560862806","https://openalex.org/W2616867613","https://openalex.org/W2769017707","https://openalex.org/W2783665008","https://openalex.org/W2904737914","https://openalex.org/W2907761700","https://openalex.org/W2967041410","https://openalex.org/W2973732226","https://openalex.org/W2981890891","https://openalex.org/W2990623554","https://openalex.org/W3009733135","https://openalex.org/W3040362298","https://openalex.org/W3047520359","https://openalex.org/W3094064659","https://openalex.org/W3136490374","https://openalex.org/W3165252559","https://openalex.org/W3175052561","https://openalex.org/W3193504637","https://openalex.org/W3194730353","https://openalex.org/W3198695142","https://openalex.org/W3215542606","https://openalex.org/W4214871780","https://openalex.org/W4220661960","https://openalex.org/W4246617988","https://openalex.org/W4281713114","https://openalex.org/W4298128177","https://openalex.org/W4298128204","https://openalex.org/W4307870206","https://openalex.org/W4312777514","https://openalex.org/W4323870219","https://openalex.org/W4393766556","https://openalex.org/W4394048192","https://openalex.org/W6667972308","https://openalex.org/W6673301081","https://openalex.org/W6685767691","https://openalex.org/W6702740985","https://openalex.org/W6713171225","https://openalex.org/W6730914460","https://openalex.org/W6746004866","https://openalex.org/W6757099992","https://openalex.org/W6766231369","https://openalex.org/W6785271378","https://openalex.org/W6796460123","https://openalex.org/W6843986644","https://openalex.org/W6844492568","https://openalex.org/W6846629257","https://openalex.org/W6848604594","https://openalex.org/W6850980818","https://openalex.org/W7052330313"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W8302103","https://openalex.org/W2371168111","https://openalex.org/W2494809169","https://openalex.org/W4294163344","https://openalex.org/W3171631314","https://openalex.org/W1576035430","https://openalex.org/W1583422155","https://openalex.org/W1649619740","https://openalex.org/W3213252596","https://openalex.org/W1534006406"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"When":[0],"designing":[1],"social":[2,260],"robots":[3,20],"for":[4,43],"educational":[5,261],"settings,":[6],"there":[7],"is":[8,82,90,226,248],"often":[9],"an":[10],"emphasis":[11],"on":[12,185],"domain":[13,24,115],"knowledge.":[14],"This":[15],"presents":[16],"challenges:":[17],"1)":[18],"Either":[19],"must":[21],"autonomously":[22],"acquire":[23],"knowledge,":[25],"a":[26,85,102,107,143,167,192,259,264,279],"currently":[27],"unsolved":[28],"problem":[29],"in":[30,87,166,177,278],"HRI,":[31],"or":[32],"2)":[33],"the":[34,41,69,73,99,147,159,180,212,230,256,270,275],"designers":[35],"provide":[36],"this":[37,224],"knowledge":[38,54,116,119],"implying":[39],"re-programming":[40],"robot":[42,108,262,276],"new":[44],"contexts.":[45],"Recent":[46],"research":[47],"explores":[48],"alternative,":[49],"relatively":[50],"easier":[51],"to":[52,83,113,124,151,188,209,222,251,282,285],"port,":[53],"areas":[55],"like":[56],"student":[57,121,135],"rapport,":[58],"engagement,":[59],"and":[60,164,197,207,268],"synchrony":[61],"though":[62,246],"these":[63],"constructs":[64],"are":[65],"typically":[66],"treated":[67],"as":[68,132,263,292],"ultimate":[70],"goals,":[71],"when":[72,206],"final":[74],"goal":[75],"should":[76],"be":[77,283],"students'":[78],"learning.":[79,96,152,252],"Our":[80],"aim":[81],"propose":[84],"shift":[86],"how":[88,141],"engagement":[89,131,149,220,225,245,247],"considered,":[91],"aligning":[92],"it":[93],"naturally":[94],"with":[95,170,190,215,243],"We":[97,138],"introduce":[98],"notion":[100],"of":[101,120,129,158,179,194,258,272,289],"skilled":[103,265],"ignorant":[104,266],"peer":[105,109,267],"robot:":[106],"that":[110],"has":[111],"little":[112],"no":[114],"but":[117],"possesses":[118],"behaviours":[122,127],"conducive":[123,150],"learning,":[125,223],"i.e.,":[126],"indicative":[128],"productive":[130,219,244,293],"extracted":[133],"from":[134,191],"behavioral":[136],"profiles.":[137],"formally":[139],"investigate":[140],"such":[142,291],"robot's":[144,231],"interventions":[145,277],"manipulate":[146,286],"children's":[148],"Specifically,":[153],"we":[154],"evaluate":[155],"two":[156],"versions":[157],"proposed":[160],"robot,":[161],"namely,":[162],"Harry":[163,183,216],"Hermione,":[165],"user":[168],"study":[169],"136":[171],"students":[172],"where":[173],"each":[174],"version":[175],"differs":[176],"terms":[178],"intervention":[181,232],"strategy.":[182],"focuses":[184],"which":[186],"suggestions":[187],"intervene":[189],"pool":[193],"communication,":[195],"exploration,":[196],"reflection":[198],"inducing":[199],"suggestions,":[200],"while":[201],"Hermione":[202],"also":[203],"carefully":[204],"considers":[205],"why":[208],"intervene.":[210],"While":[211],"teams":[213],"interacting":[214],"have":[217],"higher":[218],"correlated":[221,250],"not":[227,249],"affected":[228],"by":[229],"scheme.":[233],"In":[234],"contrast,":[235],"Hermione's":[236],"well-timed":[237],"interventions,":[238],"deemed":[239],"more":[240],"useful,":[241],"correlate":[242],"These":[253],"results":[254],"highlight":[255],"potential":[257],"stress":[269],"importance":[271],"precisely":[273],"timing":[274],"learning":[280],"environment":[281],"able":[284],"moderating":[287],"variable":[288],"interest":[290],"engagement.":[294]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-13T16:22:10.518609","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}