{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4394759431","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2024.1359887","title":"The integration of GPS and visual navigation for autonomous navigation of an Ackerman steering mobile robot in cotton fields","display_name":"The integration of GPS and visual navigation for autonomous navigation of an Ackerman steering mobile robot in cotton fields","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-04-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4394759431","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2024.1359887","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38680621"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/frobt.2024.1359887","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2024.1359887","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frobt.2024.1359887/pdf?isPublishedV2=False","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595095599","display_name":"Frontiers in Robotics and AI","issn_l":"2296-9144","issn":["2296-9144"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Robotics and AI","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frobt.2024.1359887/pdf?isPublishedV2=False","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056971519","display_name":"Canicius Mwitta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3426-4904"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165733156","display_name":"University of Georgia","ror":"https://ror.org/00te3t702","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165733156"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Canicius Mwitta","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165733156"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021411079","display_name":"Glen C. Rains","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2497-5422"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165733156","display_name":"University of Georgia","ror":"https://ror.org/00te3t702","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165733156"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Glen C. Rains","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165733156"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5021411079","https://openalex.org/A5056971519"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165733156"],"apc_list":{"value":1900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2125},"apc_paid":{"value":1900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2125},"fwci":10.9442,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98351038,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"1359887","last_page":"1359887"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10586","display_name":"Robotic Path Planning Algorithms","score":0.9889000058174133,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7568308115005493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.7128150463104248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-robot-navigation","display_name":"Mobile robot navigation","score":0.6230606436729431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6071646809577942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5680840015411377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-robot","display_name":"Mobile robot","score":0.5541434288024902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motion-planning","display_name":"Motion planning","score":0.5479011535644531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/navigation-system","display_name":"Navigation system","score":0.4198342561721802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3815203905105591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.3567180037498474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot-control","display_name":"Robot control","score":0.14611616730690002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.11820849776268005}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7568308115005493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.7128150463104248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26990112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6887224","display_name":"Mobile robot navigation","level":5,"score":0.6230606436729431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6071646809577942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5680840015411377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19966478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4810574","display_name":"Mobile robot","level":3,"score":0.5541434288024902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81074085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q366872","display_name":"Motion planning","level":3,"score":0.5479011535644531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777891301","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3475123","display_name":"Navigation system","level":2,"score":0.4198342561721802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3815203905105591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.3567180037498474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65401140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353385","display_name":"Robot control","level":4,"score":0.14611616730690002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.11820849776268005}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/frobt.2024.1359887","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2024.1359887","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frobt.2024.1359887/pdf?isPublishedV2=False","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595095599","display_name":"Frontiers in Robotics and AI","issn_l":"2296-9144","issn":["2296-9144"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Robotics and AI","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38680621","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38680621","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in robotics and AI","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11045887","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11045887","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Front Robot AI","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3db7520a4b02495aadbc3336b0c85215","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3db7520a4b02495aadbc3336b0c85215","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Robotics and AI, Vol 11 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/frobt.2024.1359887","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2024.1359887","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frobt.2024.1359887/pdf?isPublishedV2=False","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595095599","display_name":"Frontiers in Robotics and AI","issn_l":"2296-9144","issn":["2296-9144"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Robotics and AI","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.6899999976158142}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309116","display_name":"Cotton Incorporated","ror":"https://ror.org/058bgdt55"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315760","display_name":"Georgia Peanut Commission","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4394759431.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1562660011","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1903029394","https://openalex.org/W1968510751","https://openalex.org/W1985690111","https://openalex.org/W2000143088","https://openalex.org/W2003100298","https://openalex.org/W2023991624","https://openalex.org/W2073157127","https://openalex.org/W2105934661","https://openalex.org/W2108511311","https://openalex.org/W2117211893","https://openalex.org/W2120179083","https://openalex.org/W2124071321","https://openalex.org/W2140246545","https://openalex.org/W2145023731","https://openalex.org/W2160535745","https://openalex.org/W2330068163","https://openalex.org/W2395611524","https://openalex.org/W2460293125","https://openalex.org/W2519564115","https://openalex.org/W2775081645","https://openalex.org/W2795776370","https://openalex.org/W2808467904","https://openalex.org/W2891333021","https://openalex.org/W2905135719","https://openalex.org/W2938900513","https://openalex.org/W2967195967","https://openalex.org/W2994866182","https://openalex.org/W2997158358","https://openalex.org/W3000696750","https://openalex.org/W3017063165","https://openalex.org/W3026388681","https://openalex.org/W3048305250","https://openalex.org/W3101029558","https://openalex.org/W3103385532","https://openalex.org/W3124542664","https://openalex.org/W3171485246","https://openalex.org/W3171800500","https://openalex.org/W3194255688","https://openalex.org/W3213690880","https://openalex.org/W4287635300","https://openalex.org/W4318499073","https://openalex.org/W6603320238","https://openalex.org/W6697114518","https://openalex.org/W6756486208","https://openalex.org/W6760991708","https://openalex.org/W6772268464"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2093507260","https://openalex.org/W1904098742","https://openalex.org/W3158921809","https://openalex.org/W2562628082","https://openalex.org/W2378318959","https://openalex.org/W2161428574","https://openalex.org/W2077416514","https://openalex.org/W2618632915","https://openalex.org/W2083994890","https://openalex.org/W2157678966"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Autonomous":[0],"navigation":[1,70,77,85,208,239],"in":[2,53,78,86,240],"agricultural":[3,79],"fields":[4,88],"presents":[5],"a":[6,62,97,109,129,134,181,188,204,233],"unique":[7],"challenge":[8],"due":[9],"to":[10,20,41,51,103,142,191,218],"the":[11,122,154,171,175,193,196,216],"unpredictable":[12],"outdoor":[13],"environment.":[14],"Various":[15],"approaches":[16],"have":[17],"been":[18],"explored":[19],"tackle":[21],"this":[22],"task,":[23],"each":[24],"with":[25,223],"its":[26],"own":[27],"set":[28],"of":[29,118,167,229],"challenges.":[30],"These":[31],"include":[32],"GPS":[33,67,105,185],"guidance,":[34],"which":[35,48],"faces":[36],"availability":[37],"issues":[38],"and":[39,44,56,68,91,107,200,209],"struggles":[40],"avoid":[42],"obstacles,":[43],"vision":[45],"guidance":[46],"techniques,":[47],"are":[49],"sensitive":[50],"changes":[52],"light,":[54],"weeds,":[55],"crop":[57],"growth.":[58],"This":[59,212],"study":[60],"proposes":[61],"novel":[63],"idea":[64],"that":[65],"combining":[66],"visual":[69],"offers":[71],"an":[72,114,163,224],"optimal":[73],"solution":[74,95,127,214],"for":[75,83,139,180,207,237],"autonomous":[76,84,238],"fields.":[80,242],"Three":[81],"solutions":[82,177],"cotton":[87,146,221,241],"were":[89,178],"developed":[90],"evaluated.":[92],"The":[93,125,148],"first":[94],"utilized":[96],"path":[98,159],"tracking":[99],"algorithm,":[100,161],"Pure":[101],"Pursuit,":[102],"follow":[104],"coordinates":[106],"guide":[108],"mobile":[110,149],"robot.":[111],"It":[112],"achieved":[113],"average":[115,164,225],"lateral":[116,165,226],"deviation":[117,166],"8.3":[119],"cm":[120,169],"from":[121,170],"pre-recorded":[123],"path.":[124,173],"second":[126],"employed":[128],"deep":[130,197],"learning":[131,198],"model,":[132],"specifically":[133],"fully":[135],"convolutional":[136],"neural":[137],"network":[138],"semantic":[140],"segmentation,":[141],"detect":[143],"paths":[144],"between":[145,220],"rows.":[147],"rover":[150],"then":[151],"navigated":[152],"using":[153],"Dynamic":[155],"Window":[156],"Approach":[157],"(DWA)":[158],"planning":[160],"achieving":[162],"4.8":[168],"desired":[172],"Finally,":[174],"two":[176],"integrated":[179,213],"more":[182,234],"practical":[183,235],"approach.":[184],"served":[186],"as":[187,203],"global":[189],"planner":[190,206],"map":[192],"field,":[194],"while":[195],"model":[199],"DWA":[201],"acted":[202],"local":[205],"real-time":[210],"decision-making.":[211],"enabled":[215],"robot":[217],"navigate":[219],"rows":[222],"distance":[227],"error":[228],"9.5":[230],"cm,":[231],"offering":[232],"method":[236]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
