{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4379534435","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2023.1113881","title":"Maneuvering on non-Newtonian fluidic terrain: a survey of animal and bio-inspired robot locomotion techniques on soft yielding grounds","display_name":"Maneuvering on non-Newtonian fluidic terrain: a survey of animal and bio-inspired robot locomotion techniques on soft yielding grounds","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4379534435","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2023.1113881","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37346053"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/frobt.2023.1113881","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2023.1113881","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frobt.2023.1113881/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595095599","display_name":"Frontiers in Robotics and AI","issn_l":"2296-9144","issn":["2296-9144"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Robotics and AI","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frobt.2023.1113881/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045527571","display_name":"Simon Godon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1928-2696"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111112146","display_name":"Tallinn University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0443cwa12","country_code":"EE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111112146"]}],"countries":["EE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simon Godon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Biorobotics, Department of Computer Systems, Institute of Information Technologies, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Biorobotics, Department of Computer Systems, Institute of Information Technologies, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111112146"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084627413","display_name":"Maarja Kruusmaa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5738-5421"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111112146","display_name":"Tallinn University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0443cwa12","country_code":"EE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111112146"]}],"countries":["EE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maarja Kruusmaa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Biorobotics, Department of Computer Systems, Institute of Information Technologies, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Biorobotics, Department of Computer Systems, Institute of Information Technologies, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111112146"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034240581","display_name":"Asko Ristolainen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3029-9667"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111112146","display_name":"Tallinn University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0443cwa12","country_code":"EE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111112146"]}],"countries":["EE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Asko Ristolainen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Biorobotics, Department of Computer Systems, Institute of Information Technologies, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Biorobotics, Department of Computer Systems, Institute of Information Technologies, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111112146"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1900},"apc_paid":{"value":1900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1900},"fwci":1.123,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74852467,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":"1113881","last_page":"1113881"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10879","display_name":"Robotic Locomotion and Control","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10879","display_name":"Robotic Locomotion and Control","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11978","display_name":"Soil Mechanics and Vehicle Dynamics","score":0.9843999743461609,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12784","display_name":"Modular Robots and Swarm Intelligence","score":0.972599983215332,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.7855609059333801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robotics","display_name":"Robotics","score":0.7511801719665527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6972239017486572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terrain","display_name":"Terrain","score":0.5807022452354431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5525057315826416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soft-materials","display_name":"Soft materials","score":0.5135217308998108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomimetics","display_name":"Biomimetics","score":0.4978678226470947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soft-robotics","display_name":"Soft robotics","score":0.4731498956680298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motion","display_name":"Motion (physics)","score":0.46156376600265503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot-locomotion","display_name":"Robot locomotion","score":0.45167842507362366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.37931686639785767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.3254152536392212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3219448924064636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-robot","display_name":"Mobile robot","score":0.257737934589386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology","display_name":"Nanotechnology","score":0.1772087812423706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot-control","display_name":"Robot control","score":0.13458120822906494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.12746262550354004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.12138238549232483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.10684317350387573}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.7855609059333801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34413123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170978","display_name":"Robotics","level":3,"score":0.7511801719665527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6972239017486572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161840515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186131","display_name":"Terrain","level":2,"score":0.5807022452354431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5525057315826416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2982836594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902144","display_name":"Soft materials","level":2,"score":0.5135217308998108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165062768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1145644","display_name":"Biomimetics","level":2,"score":0.4978678226470947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776058767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24327151","display_name":"Soft robotics","level":3,"score":0.4731498956680298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104114177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79782","display_name":"Motion (physics)","level":2,"score":0.46156376600265503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6101204","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353391","display_name":"Robot locomotion","level":5,"score":0.45167842507362366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.37931686639785767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.3254152536392212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3219448924064636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19966478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4810574","display_name":"Mobile robot","level":3,"score":0.257737934589386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.1772087812423706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65401140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353385","display_name":"Robot control","level":4,"score":0.13458120822906494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.12746262550354004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.12138238549232483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.10684317350387573}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/frobt.2023.1113881","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2023.1113881","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frobt.2023.1113881/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595095599","display_name":"Frontiers in Robotics and AI","issn_l":"2296-9144","issn":["2296-9144"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Robotics and AI","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37346053","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37346053","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in robotics and AI","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10279858","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10279858","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10279858/pdf/frobt-10-1113881.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Front Robot AI","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e5b0403c76f243e19673630045226bdc","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e5b0403c76f243e19673630045226bdc","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Robotics and AI, Vol 10 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/frobt.2023.1113881","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2023.1113881","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frobt.2023.1113881/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595095599","display_name":"Frontiers in Robotics and AI","issn_l":"2296-9144","issn":["2296-9144"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Robotics and AI","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life in Land","score":0.4699999988079071}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2908561160","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"820971","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7842005466","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Horizon 2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8472012177","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"820971","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","funder_display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4379534435.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":178,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W68474888","https://openalex.org/W565401094","https://openalex.org/W571136773","https://openalex.org/W624960158","https://openalex.org/W1494185182","https://openalex.org/W1498732177","https://openalex.org/W1550457110","https://openalex.org/W1558935058","https://openalex.org/W1566608711","https://openalex.org/W1580057931","https://openalex.org/W1585305983","https://openalex.org/W1590825159","https://openalex.org/W1595955542","https://openalex.org/W1923445415","https://openalex.org/W1956529810","https://openalex.org/W1965198624","https://openalex.org/W1970644774","https://openalex.org/W1974051615","https://openalex.org/W1974461875","https://openalex.org/W1975230295","https://openalex.org/W1975491757","https://openalex.org/W1981101297","https://openalex.org/W1981935406","https://openalex.org/W1984908956","https://openalex.org/W1984946273","https://openalex.org/W1986816924","https://openalex.org/W1987175021","https://openalex.org/W1992878443","https://openalex.org/W1998593712","https://openalex.org/W1999463465","https://openalex.org/W2009533998","https://openalex.org/W2013544523","https://openalex.org/W2017931495","https://openalex.org/W2018890383","https://openalex.org/W2020795076","https://openalex.org/W2029234180","https://openalex.org/W2030052031","https://openalex.org/W2036122340","https://openalex.org/W2037398198","https://openalex.org/W2037993937","https://openalex.org/W2039852410","https://openalex.org/W2041098197","https://openalex.org/W2043474086","https://openalex.org/W2043758749","https://openalex.org/W2050933744","https://openalex.org/W2051385636","https://openalex.org/W2053888639","https://openalex.org/W2055715865","https://openalex.org/W2056203102","https://openalex.org/W2056370235","https://openalex.org/W2060125891","https://openalex.org/W2064102215","https://openalex.org/W2065192063","https://openalex.org/W2069050510","https://openalex.org/W2072931689","https://openalex.org/W2075315297","https://openalex.org/W2076369322","https://openalex.org/W2076376109","https://openalex.org/W2078459710","https://openalex.org/W2079830044","https://openalex.org/W2084187317","https://openalex.org/W2084671704","https://openalex.org/W2086586587","https://openalex.org/W2087918212","https://openalex.org/W2091299646","https://openalex.org/W2107869318","https://openalex.org/W2110955703","https://openalex.org/W2112310950","https://openalex.org/W2113941137","https://openalex.org/W2114224329","https://openalex.org/W2117289015","https://openalex.org/W2117383436","https://openalex.org/W2121854318","https://openalex.org/W2122960191","https://openalex.org/W2123092820","https://openalex.org/W2125096161","https://openalex.org/W2128594854","https://openalex.org/W2130297497","https://openalex.org/W2130579675","https://openalex.org/W2131057596","https://openalex.org/W2133185929","https://openalex.org/W2138060680","https://openalex.org/W2140715943","https://openalex.org/W2142117965","https://openalex.org/W2143197047","https://openalex.org/W2144487372","https://openalex.org/W2146393466","https://openalex.org/W2147624159","https://openalex.org/W2152803299","https://openalex.org/W2153571005","https://openalex.org/W2153896329","https://openalex.org/W2162723558","https://openalex.org/W2163619998","https://openalex.org/W2169384358","https://openalex.org/W2177338808","https://openalex.org/W2185778246","https://openalex.org/W2197422560","https://openalex.org/W2212667385","https://openalex.org/W2279369962","https://openalex.org/W2314338840","https://openalex.org/W2321685073","https://openalex.org/W2324151998","https://openalex.org/W2327561530","https://openalex.org/W2330297718","https://openalex.org/W2363277640","https://openalex.org/W2396563342","https://openalex.org/W2398273775","https://openalex.org/W2416678824","https://openalex.org/W2460513183","https://openalex.org/W2468944535","https://openalex.org/W2510926819","https://openalex.org/W2512872892","https://openalex.org/W2519742913","https://openalex.org/W2539199606","https://openalex.org/W2565583301","https://openalex.org/W2581074659","https://openalex.org/W2595605574","https://openalex.org/W2612093218","https://openalex.org/W2616967774","https://openalex.org/W2735411003","https://openalex.org/W2735652715","https://openalex.org/W2747416143","https://openalex.org/W2755759449","https://openalex.org/W2761802596","https://openalex.org/W2789741901","https://openalex.org/W2794826238","https://openalex.org/W2885878928","https://openalex.org/W2904019300","https://openalex.org/W2909034794","https://openalex.org/W2925018964","https://openalex.org/W2935825179","https://openalex.org/W2940265767","https://openalex.org/W2947527046","https://openalex.org/W2964523010","https://openalex.org/W2996835699","https://openalex.org/W3008675455","https://openalex.org/W3010925973","https://openalex.org/W3012413578","https://openalex.org/W3025528286","https://openalex.org/W3088663191","https://openalex.org/W3093922502","https://openalex.org/W3094094317","https://openalex.org/W3100472504","https://openalex.org/W3103367635","https://openalex.org/W3104876774","https://openalex.org/W3105370786","https://openalex.org/W3110484325","https://openalex.org/W3111973045","https://openalex.org/W3124599507","https://openalex.org/W3133413037","https://openalex.org/W3136130522","https://openalex.org/W4210460121","https://openalex.org/W4230048725","https://openalex.org/W4239371029","https://openalex.org/W4244256632","https://openalex.org/W4248294574","https://openalex.org/W4248873036","https://openalex.org/W4253950310","https://openalex.org/W4288391334","https://openalex.org/W4292879464","https://openalex.org/W4296421648","https://openalex.org/W4303969454","https://openalex.org/W4304698290","https://openalex.org/W6627249377","https://openalex.org/W6630519336","https://openalex.org/W6661255549","https://openalex.org/W6664405486","https://openalex.org/W6669645025","https://openalex.org/W6676046366","https://openalex.org/W6686609023","https://openalex.org/W6687825889","https://openalex.org/W6716432691","https://openalex.org/W6725549604","https://openalex.org/W6737921486","https://openalex.org/W6757651169","https://openalex.org/W6763479020","https://openalex.org/W6782274248","https://openalex.org/W6786408501"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3175143761","https://openalex.org/W3000010690","https://openalex.org/W1575455118","https://openalex.org/W2560099732","https://openalex.org/W4312732386","https://openalex.org/W3164201927","https://openalex.org/W2944234327","https://openalex.org/W3206616844","https://openalex.org/W3111290348","https://openalex.org/W4379534435"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Frictionally":[0],"yielding":[1,101,222,241],"media":[2],"are":[3,31,156],"a":[4,73,201,227],"particular":[5],"type":[6],"of":[7,80,96,120,174,197,203,229],"non-Newtonian":[8],"fluids":[9],"that":[10,171,213],"significantly":[11,65],"deform":[12],"under":[13],"stress":[14,38],"and":[15,71,90,106,114,140,146,160,206],"do":[16,42],"not":[17,43,189],"recover":[18],"their":[19],"original":[20],"shape.":[21],"For":[22],"example,":[23],"mud,":[24],"snow,":[25],"soil,":[26],"leaf":[27],"litters,":[28],"or":[29,130,235],"sand":[30],"such":[32],"substrates":[33],"because":[34],"they":[35],"flow":[36],"when":[37,46,185],"is":[39,188,200],"applied":[40,216],"but":[41],"bounce":[44],"back":[45],"released.":[47],"Some":[48],"robots":[49,145],"have":[50,68,76],"been":[51,69,77],"designed":[52],"to":[53,60,93,148,180,192,237],"move":[54],"on":[55,62,100,110,117,240],"those":[56],"substrates.":[57,102],"However,":[58],"compared":[59],"moving":[61],"solid":[63],"ground,":[64],"fewer":[66],"prototypes":[67,75],"developed":[70],"only":[72],"few":[74],"demonstrated":[78],"outside":[79],"the":[81,87,111,118,121,128,132,178,181,186,204],"research":[82,164],"laboratory.":[83],"This":[84],"paper":[85,199],"surveys":[86],"existing":[88,230],"biology":[89,205],"robotics":[91,182,207],"literature":[92,208],"analyze":[94],"principles":[95,113,155,212],"physics":[97],"facilitating":[98],"motion":[99,141],"We":[103,168],"categorize":[104],"animal":[105],"robot":[107,187,219],"locomotion":[108,211,239],"based":[109],"mechanical":[112],"then":[115],"further":[116],"nature":[119,234],"contact:":[122],"discrete":[123],"contact,":[124],"continuous":[125],"contact":[126],"above":[127],"material,":[129],"through":[131],"medium.":[133],"Then,":[134],"we":[135],"extract":[136],"different":[137,144],"hardware":[138],"solutions":[139,179,231],"strategies":[142],"enabling":[143],"animals":[147],"progress.":[149],"The":[150,195],"result":[151],"reveals":[152],"which":[153,161],"design":[154,220],"more":[157],"widely":[158],"used":[159],"may":[162],"represent":[163],"gaps":[165],"for":[166,209,217],"robotics.":[167],"also":[169,184],"discuss":[170],"higher":[172],"level":[173],"abstraction":[175],"helps":[176],"transferring":[177],"domain":[183],"explicitly":[190],"meant":[191],"be":[193,215],"bio-inspired.":[194],"contribution":[196],"this":[198],"review":[202],"identifying":[210],"can":[214],"future":[218],"in":[221,233],"environments,":[223],"as":[224,226],"well":[225],"catalog":[228],"either":[232],"man-made,":[236],"enable":[238],"grounds.":[242]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-16T09:24:06.705377","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}