{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4320919691","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2023.1028329","title":"A novel approach for automatic annotation of human actions in 3D point clouds for flexible collaborative tasks with industrial robots","display_name":"A novel approach for automatic annotation of human actions in 3D point clouds for flexible collaborative tasks with industrial robots","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-02-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4320919691","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2023.1028329","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36873582"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/frobt.2023.1028329","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2023.1028329","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frobt.2023.1028329/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595095599","display_name":"Frontiers in Robotics and AI","issn_l":"2296-9144","issn":["2296-9144"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Robotics and AI","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frobt.2023.1028329/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014949114","display_name":"Sebastian Krusche","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3558-9751"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124503","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/026taa863","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124503","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sebastian Krusche","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Production System and Factory Automation, Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology, Chemnitz, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Production System and Factory Automation, Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology, Chemnitz, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124503"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080643317","display_name":"Ibrahim Al Naser","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4813-4406"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124503","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/026taa863","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124503","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ibrahim Al Naser","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Production System and Factory Automation, Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology, Chemnitz, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Production System and Factory Automation, Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology, Chemnitz, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124503"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087518988","display_name":"Mohamad Bdiwi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7070-9988"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124503","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/026taa863","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124503","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamad Bdiwi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Production System and Factory Automation, Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology, Chemnitz, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Production System and Factory Automation, Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology, Chemnitz, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124503"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066753620","display_name":"Steffen Ihlenfeldt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9258-5178"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124503","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/026taa863","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124503","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steffen Ihlenfeldt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Production System and Factory Automation, Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology, Chemnitz, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Production System and Factory Automation, Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology, Chemnitz, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124503"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5014949114"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124503"],"apc_list":{"value":1900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1900},"apc_paid":{"value":1900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1900},"fwci":0.2456,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.48849493,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":"1028329","last_page":"1028329"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10812","display_name":"Human Pose and Action Recognition","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10812","display_name":"Human Pose and Action Recognition","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12740","display_name":"Gait Recognition and Analysis","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8620814085006714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/annotation","display_name":"Annotation","score":0.6735262274742126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-cloud","display_name":"Point cloud","score":0.5807786583900452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automation","display_name":"Automation","score":0.5449097156524658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","score":0.5420293807983398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5279295444488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.508560061454773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matching","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","score":0.49895191192626953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.48656216263771057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.4536809027194977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013robot-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013robot interaction","score":0.42083480954170227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3343302607536316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.11655277013778687}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8620814085006714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776321320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857525","display_name":"Annotation","level":2,"score":0.6735262274742126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131979681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1899648","display_name":"Point cloud","level":2,"score":0.5807786583900452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.5449097156524658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5420293807983398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5279295444488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.508560061454773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.49895191192626953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.48656216263771057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.4536809027194977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145460709","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q859951","display_name":"Human\u2013robot interaction","level":3,"score":0.42083480954170227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3343302607536316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.11655277013778687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/frobt.2023.1028329","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2023.1028329","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frobt.2023.1028329/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595095599","display_name":"Frontiers in Robotics and AI","issn_l":"2296-9144","issn":["2296-9144"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Robotics and AI","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36873582","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36873582","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in robotics and AI","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9975387","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9975387","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9975387/pdf/frobt-10-1028329.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Front Robot AI","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1fec5f455a194317bc60b97b0402c8fd","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1fec5f455a194317bc60b97b0402c8fd","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Robotics and AI, Vol 10 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publica.fraunhofer.de:publica/448486","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://publica.fraunhofer.de/handle/publica/448486","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400318","display_name":"Fraunhofer-Publica (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4923324","host_organization_name":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4923324"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"journal article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/frobt.2023.1028329","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2023.1028329","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frobt.2023.1028329/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595095599","display_name":"Frontiers in Robotics and AI","issn_l":"2296-9144","issn":["2296-9144"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Robotics and AI","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.6200000047683716,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4320919691.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":74,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1506491340","https://openalex.org/W1893516992","https://openalex.org/W1927052826","https://openalex.org/W1964704223","https://openalex.org/W1977591411","https://openalex.org/W2021896843","https://openalex.org/W2047167129","https://openalex.org/W2054041160","https://openalex.org/W2342662179","https://openalex.org/W2408878333","https://openalex.org/W2546643512","https://openalex.org/W2556543544","https://openalex.org/W2559085405","https://openalex.org/W2618799552","https://openalex.org/W2619947201","https://openalex.org/W2765433083","https://openalex.org/W2819476901","https://openalex.org/W2887051120","https://openalex.org/W2916798096","https://openalex.org/W2942265585","https://openalex.org/W2944006115","https://openalex.org/W2961193895","https://openalex.org/W2962730651","https://openalex.org/W2962954622","https://openalex.org/W2963097937","https://openalex.org/W2963402313","https://openalex.org/W2963876278","https://openalex.org/W2964073328","https://openalex.org/W2964084369","https://openalex.org/W2964134613","https://openalex.org/W2972662547","https://openalex.org/W2985718409","https://openalex.org/W3014641072","https://openalex.org/W3016269914","https://openalex.org/W3034399482","https://openalex.org/W3081463396","https://openalex.org/W3088107371","https://openalex.org/W3095015721","https://openalex.org/W3110017807","https://openalex.org/W3118688377","https://openalex.org/W3129478823","https://openalex.org/W3173599944","https://openalex.org/W3174053790","https://openalex.org/W3198195666","https://openalex.org/W3213918751","https://openalex.org/W4212774754","https://openalex.org/W4226397702","https://openalex.org/W4226539500","https://openalex.org/W4288083516","https://openalex.org/W4290715204","https://openalex.org/W4301396999","https://openalex.org/W6640295108","https://openalex.org/W6664144172","https://openalex.org/W6704520437","https://openalex.org/W6714215280","https://openalex.org/W6729880815","https://openalex.org/W6730277886","https://openalex.org/W6730425651","https://openalex.org/W6738494759","https://openalex.org/W6740460453","https://openalex.org/W6746003983","https://openalex.org/W6754337694","https://openalex.org/W6756215566","https://openalex.org/W6765307894","https://openalex.org/W6766978945","https://openalex.org/W6767768160","https://openalex.org/W6775055420","https://openalex.org/W6775251014","https://openalex.org/W6776439023","https://openalex.org/W6785006394","https://openalex.org/W6790917327","https://openalex.org/W6793346219","https://openalex.org/W6795971111","https://openalex.org/W6955071965"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2361861616","https://openalex.org/W2263699433","https://openalex.org/W2377979023","https://openalex.org/W2218034408","https://openalex.org/W2392921965","https://openalex.org/W2358755282","https://openalex.org/W2625833328","https://openalex.org/W1533177136","https://openalex.org/W4380994516","https://openalex.org/W2556260348"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Manual":[0],"annotation":[1,149],"for":[2,38,75,110],"human":[3,32,79,95,115],"action":[4],"recognition":[5],"with":[6,71,101,134,142],"content":[7,41],"semantics":[8],"using":[9,65],"3D":[10],"Point":[11],"Cloud":[12],"(3D-PC)":[13],"in":[14,83,117,124,130],"industrial":[15,85,132],"environments":[16],"consumes":[17],"a":[18,36,50,108],"lot":[19],"of":[20,45,53,78,89,114],"time":[21],"and":[22,30,59,62,81,97,106,128],"resources.":[23],"This":[24],"work":[25],"aims":[26],"to":[27,34,57,93],"recognize,":[28],"analyze,":[29],"model":[31],"actions":[33,80,96,116],"develop":[35],"framework":[37,127],"automatically":[39],"extracting":[40],"semantics.":[42],"Main":[43],"Contributions":[44],"this":[46],"work:":[47],"1.":[48],"design":[49,105],"multi-layer":[51],"structure":[52],"various":[54],"DNN":[55],"classifiers":[56],"detect":[58],"extract":[60],"humans":[61],"dynamic":[63],"objects":[64],"3D-PC":[66],"preciously,":[67],"2.":[68],"empirical":[69],"experiments":[70],"over":[72],"10":[73],"subjects":[74],"collecting":[76],"datasets":[77],"activities":[82,100],"one":[84,131],"setting,":[86],"3.":[87],"development":[88],"an":[90],"intuitive":[91],"GUI":[92],"verify":[94],"its":[98],"interaction":[99],"the":[102,125,139,148],"environment,":[103],"4.":[104],"implement":[107],"methodology":[109],"automatic":[111],"sequence":[112],"matching":[113],"3D-PC.":[118],"All":[119],"these":[120],"procedures":[121],"are":[122],"merged":[123],"proposed":[126],"evaluated":[129],"Use-Case":[133],"flexible":[135],"patch":[136],"sizes.":[137],"Comparing":[138],"new":[140],"approach":[141],"standard":[143],"methods":[144],"has":[145],"shown":[146],"that":[147],"process":[150],"can":[151],"be":[152],"accelerated":[153],"by":[154],"5.2":[155],"times":[156],"through":[157],"automation.":[158]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-09T08:58:05.943551","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}