{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4407921442","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frma.2025.1516726","title":"Climate of Accountability, Respect, and Ethics Survey (CARES): development and validation of an organizational climate survey","display_name":"Climate of Accountability, Respect, and Ethics Survey (CARES): development and validation of an organizational climate survey","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-02-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4407921442","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frma.2025.1516726","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40070800"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/frma.2025.1516726","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frma.2025.1516726","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/research-metrics-and-analytics/articles/10.3389/frma.2025.1516726/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2596295431","display_name":"Frontiers in Research Metrics and Analytics","issn_l":"2504-0537","issn":["2504-0537"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Research Metrics and Analytics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/research-metrics-and-analytics/articles/10.3389/frma.2025.1516726/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077466580","display_name":"Brian C. Martinson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4255-5595"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Brian C. Martinson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Retired, Saint Paul, MI, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Retired, Saint Paul, MI, United States","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021427102","display_name":"Jarvis Smallfield","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4769-7461"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1629065","display_name":"Central Michigan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02xawj266","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1629065"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jarvis Smallfield","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Management, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Management, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1629065"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047685972","display_name":"Vicki J. Magley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1638-6537"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I140172145","display_name":"University of Connecticut","ror":"https://ror.org/02der9h97","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I140172145"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vicki J. Magley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Mansfield, CT, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Mansfield, CT, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140172145"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052301268","display_name":"Carol R. Thrush","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1877-5002"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79620101","display_name":"University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/00xcryt71","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79620101"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carol R. Thrush","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79620101"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075654798","display_name":"C. K. Gunsalus","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4018-533X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. K. Gunsalus","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Center for Principled Research and Ethics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Center for Principled Research and Ethics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5077466580"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1285,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1285},"apc_paid":{"value":1285,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1285},"fwci":9.3967,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97109182,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":"1516726","last_page":"1516726"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11058","display_name":"Ethics in Business and Education","score":0.09939999878406525,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11058","display_name":"Ethics in Business and Education","score":0.09939999878406525,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11696","display_name":"Conflict Management and Negotiation","score":0.06549999862909317,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10006","display_name":"Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior","score":0.043800000101327896,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accountability","display_name":"Accountability","score":0.699595034122467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organisation-climate","display_name":"Organisation climate","score":0.6380192041397095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-resource-management","display_name":"Environmental resource management","score":0.4517587125301361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/survey-research","display_name":"Survey research","score":0.4329652786254883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.40138736367225647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.39120399951934814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-planning","display_name":"Environmental planning","score":0.33050835132598877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.3169836401939392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socioeconomics","display_name":"Socioeconomics","score":0.26877307891845703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.23028522729873657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-relations","display_name":"Public relations","score":0.17885124683380127}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776007630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2798912","display_name":"Accountability","level":2,"score":0.699595034122467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185654502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831922","display_name":"Organisation climate","level":2,"score":0.6380192041397095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107826830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929380","display_name":"Environmental resource management","level":1,"score":0.4517587125301361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173481278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7257997","display_name":"Survey research","level":2,"score":0.4329652786254883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.40138736367225647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.39120399951934814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91375879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15473274","display_name":"Environmental planning","level":1,"score":0.33050835132598877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3169836401939392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45355965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1643441","display_name":"Socioeconomics","level":1,"score":0.26877307891845703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.23028522729873657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.17885124683380127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/frma.2025.1516726","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frma.2025.1516726","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/research-metrics-and-analytics/articles/10.3389/frma.2025.1516726/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2596295431","display_name":"Frontiers in Research Metrics and Analytics","issn_l":"2504-0537","issn":["2504-0537"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Research Metrics and Analytics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40070800","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40070800","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in research metrics and analytics","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1e9dd18679e747f59ebf132b66f370ed","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1e9dd18679e747f59ebf132b66f370ed","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Research Metrics and Analytics, Vol 10 (2025)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:10706665","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11894455","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/frma.2025.1516726","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frma.2025.1516726","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/research-metrics-and-analytics/articles/10.3389/frma.2025.1516726/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2596295431","display_name":"Frontiers in Research Metrics and Analytics","issn_l":"2504-0537","issn":["2504-0537"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Research Metrics and Analytics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306151","display_name":"Alfred P. Sloan Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/052csg198"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4407921442.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":71,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1551949281","https://openalex.org/W1970693217","https://openalex.org/W1972535722","https://openalex.org/W1995506536","https://openalex.org/W1999724318","https://openalex.org/W2000458941","https://openalex.org/W2006511219","https://openalex.org/W2021930444","https://openalex.org/W2022950201","https://openalex.org/W2027317039","https://openalex.org/W2033397558","https://openalex.org/W2034300001","https://openalex.org/W2037445168","https://openalex.org/W2039269578","https://openalex.org/W2040629120","https://openalex.org/W2057051739","https://openalex.org/W2062170626","https://openalex.org/W2066926974","https://openalex.org/W2070005224","https://openalex.org/W2071666535","https://openalex.org/W2072147111","https://openalex.org/W2078882383","https://openalex.org/W2079606806","https://openalex.org/W2084389751","https://openalex.org/W2089871805","https://openalex.org/W2093181819","https://openalex.org/W2094572046","https://openalex.org/W2096812562","https://openalex.org/W2098418305","https://openalex.org/W2104755318","https://openalex.org/W2105770891","https://openalex.org/W2108978710","https://openalex.org/W2114962305","https://openalex.org/W2117248143","https://openalex.org/W2122517769","https://openalex.org/W2132199097","https://openalex.org/W2148690842","https://openalex.org/W2155399036","https://openalex.org/W2156435103","https://openalex.org/W2158517811","https://openalex.org/W2160062201","https://openalex.org/W2342137125","https://openalex.org/W2491814643","https://openalex.org/W2495600728","https://openalex.org/W2791196184","https://openalex.org/W2889728985","https://openalex.org/W2891020941","https://openalex.org/W2894035180","https://openalex.org/W2913372640","https://openalex.org/W2942476476","https://openalex.org/W2945366215","https://openalex.org/W2951442437","https://openalex.org/W3047659330","https://openalex.org/W3123853820","https://openalex.org/W3137972177","https://openalex.org/W3159257248","https://openalex.org/W3197586438","https://openalex.org/W3210944580","https://openalex.org/W4200477203","https://openalex.org/W4213152771","https://openalex.org/W4226188348","https://openalex.org/W4230830449","https://openalex.org/W4235009260","https://openalex.org/W4241356532","https://openalex.org/W4247371658","https://openalex.org/W4280565590","https://openalex.org/W4298437711","https://openalex.org/W4302013482","https://openalex.org/W6606028972","https://openalex.org/W6755953411","https://openalex.org/W6804437512"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2494121465","https://openalex.org/W4377233172","https://openalex.org/W1854749775","https://openalex.org/W4312971597","https://openalex.org/W2129556718","https://openalex.org/W1970818898","https://openalex.org/W2350665531","https://openalex.org/W2906160980","https://openalex.org/W2154949144","https://openalex.org/W4388713818"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"This":[1,150],"research":[2,179],"describes":[3],"the":[4,9,54,59,73,88,112,152],"development":[5],"and":[6,34,41,64,75,91,97,118,139,157,177],"validation":[7],"of":[8,21,25,48,58,87,105,162],"CARES":[10,74,89,113,124],"Climate":[11],"Survey,":[12],"a":[13,67,126,160],"22-item":[14],"measure":[15,90,161],"designed":[16],"to":[17,72,142,155],"assess":[18,143],"interpersonal":[19,37,106,144,163],"dimensions":[20,104],"work-unit":[22,26,31,181],"climates.":[23,182],"Dimensions":[24],"climates":[27,145,164],"are":[28],"identified":[29],"through":[30,95],"member":[32],"perceptions":[33],"include":[35],"civility,":[36],"accountability,":[38],"conflict":[39],"resolution,":[40],"institutional":[42,137],"harassment":[43],"responsiveness.":[44],"Methods:":[45],"=":[46],"868)":[47],"academic":[49],"researchers,":[50,136],"including":[51],"one":[52,65],"from":[53,66],"North":[55],"American":[56,60],"membership":[57],"Geophysical":[61],"Union":[62],"(AGU),":[63],"large":[68],"research-intensive":[69,167],"university,":[70],"responded":[71],"additional":[76],"measures":[77],"via":[78],"an":[79],"online":[80],"survey.":[81],"Results:":[82],"We":[83],"demonstrate":[84],"content":[85],"validity":[86,94],"confirm":[92,111],"structural":[93],"exploratory":[96],"confirmatory":[98],"factor":[99],"analyses":[100],"which":[101],"yielded":[102],"four":[103],"climate.":[107],"In":[108],"addition,":[109],"we":[110],"internal":[114],"reliability,":[115],"construct":[116],"validity,":[117],"excellent":[119],"sub-group":[120],"invariance.":[121],"Conclusions:":[122],"The":[123],"is":[125,151],"brief,":[127],"psychometrically":[128],"sound":[129],"instrument":[130],"that":[131],"can":[132],"be":[133],"used":[134],"by":[135],"leaders,":[138],"other":[140],"practitioners":[141],"in":[146,166,174],"organizational":[147],"work-units.":[148],"Originality/value:":[149],"first":[153],"study":[154],"develop":[156],"validate":[158],"such":[159],"specifically":[165],"organizations,":[168],"using":[169],"rigorous":[170],"psychometric":[171],"methods,":[172],"grounded":[173],"both":[175],"theory":[176],"prior":[178],"on":[180]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
