{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406548567","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frma.2024.1522423","title":"The ethics of artificial intelligence use in university libraries in Zimbabwe","display_name":"The ethics of artificial intelligence use in university libraries in Zimbabwe","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406548567","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frma.2024.1522423","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39897937"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/frma.2024.1522423","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frma.2024.1522423","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/research-metrics-and-analytics/articles/10.3389/frma.2024.1522423/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2596295431","display_name":"Frontiers in Research Metrics and Analytics","issn_l":"2504-0537","issn":["2504-0537"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Research Metrics and Analytics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/research-metrics-and-analytics/articles/10.3389/frma.2024.1522423/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029946738","display_name":"Stephen Tsekea","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2885-2515"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I109121592","display_name":"Zimbabwe Open University","ror":"https://ror.org/05kyrk544","country_code":"ZW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I109121592"]}],"countries":["ZW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Stephen Tsekea","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Science and Records Management, Zimbabwe Open University, Harare, Zimbabwe"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Science and Records Management, Zimbabwe Open University, Harare, Zimbabwe","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I109121592"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115926490","display_name":"Edward Mandoga","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I109121592","display_name":"Zimbabwe Open University","ror":"https://ror.org/05kyrk544","country_code":"ZW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I109121592"]}],"countries":["ZW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edward Mandoga","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Teacher Development, Zimbabwe Open University, Harare, Zimbabwe"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Teacher Development, Zimbabwe Open University, Harare, Zimbabwe","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I109121592"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5029946738"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I109121592"],"apc_list":{"value":950,"currency":"USD","value_usd":950},"apc_paid":{"value":950,"currency":"USD","value_usd":950},"fwci":16.6207,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98776585,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"1522423","last_page":"1522423"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12128","display_name":"AI in Service Interactions","score":0.2298000007867813,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12128","display_name":"AI in Service Interactions","score":0.2298000007867813,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.11469999700784683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.07289999723434448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.38651061058044434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.33777326345443726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/library-science","display_name":"Library science","score":0.32726627588272095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.24387168884277344}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.38651061058044434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.33777326345443726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161191863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655","display_name":"Library science","level":1,"score":0.32726627588272095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.24387168884277344}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/frma.2024.1522423","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frma.2024.1522423","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/research-metrics-and-analytics/articles/10.3389/frma.2024.1522423/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2596295431","display_name":"Frontiers in Research Metrics and Analytics","issn_l":"2504-0537","issn":["2504-0537"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Research Metrics and Analytics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:39897937","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39897937","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in research metrics and analytics","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11782261","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11782261","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11782261/pdf/frma-09-1522423.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Front Res Metr Anal","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0f950a9ad80a468d9e2d80767e3fd098","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0f950a9ad80a468d9e2d80767e3fd098","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Research Metrics and Analytics, Vol 9 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/frma.2024.1522423","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frma.2024.1522423","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/research-metrics-and-analytics/articles/10.3389/frma.2024.1522423/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2596295431","display_name":"Frontiers in Research Metrics and Analytics","issn_l":"2504-0537","issn":["2504-0537"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Research Metrics and Analytics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4406548567.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4406548567.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W576081259","https://openalex.org/W2596626324","https://openalex.org/W2770717476","https://openalex.org/W2901672019","https://openalex.org/W2955687982","https://openalex.org/W2987177316","https://openalex.org/W3006630858","https://openalex.org/W3083009112","https://openalex.org/W3105873105","https://openalex.org/W3187992352","https://openalex.org/W3210293336","https://openalex.org/W4317910584","https://openalex.org/W4318014888","https://openalex.org/W4319301446","https://openalex.org/W4319840247","https://openalex.org/W4360620450","https://openalex.org/W4380483088","https://openalex.org/W4385223296","https://openalex.org/W4386141105","https://openalex.org/W4386752922","https://openalex.org/W4391932016","https://openalex.org/W4396934610","https://openalex.org/W4401591663"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2949263084","https://openalex.org/W2743539335","https://openalex.org/W594353338","https://openalex.org/W2922049016","https://openalex.org/W4404596741","https://openalex.org/W4390697879","https://openalex.org/W2529842344"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Introduction:":[0],"The":[1,50],"emergence":[2,103],"of":[3,22,47,66,69,88,104,117,126,172,198,226],"artificial":[4,105,173],"intelligence":[5,106],"(AI)":[6],"has":[7,15,40,107],"revolutionised":[8],"higher":[9,118,130],"education":[10,119,133],"teaching":[11,32],"and":[12,24,33,55,74,84,131,151,181,190,232],"learning.":[13],"AI":[14,188,247],"the":[16,30,45,59,98,102,115,123,129,169,196],"power":[17],"to":[18,42,91,121,204,211,216,254],"analyse":[19],"large":[20],"amounts":[21],"data":[23,228],"make":[25,92],"intelligent":[26],"predictions":[27],"thus":[28],"changing":[29],"whole":[31],"learning":[34],"processes.":[35],"However,":[36,101,237],"such":[37],"a":[38],"rise":[39],"led":[41],"institutions":[43,180],"questioning":[44],"morality":[46],"these":[48],"applications.":[49],"changes":[51],"have":[52,78,221],"left":[53],"librarians":[54,120,150],"educators":[56],"worried":[57],"about":[58,82,97,234],"major":[60,240],"ethical":[61,99,124,241],"questions":[62],"surrounding":[63],"privacy,":[64],"equality":[65],"information,":[67],"protection":[68],"intellectual":[70,218],"property,":[71],"cheating,":[72],"misinformation":[73],"job":[75,235],"security.":[76],"Libraries":[77,201],"always":[79],"been":[80,244],"concerned":[81],"ethics":[83],"many":[85,161],"go":[86],"out":[87],"their":[89],"way":[90],"sure":[93],"communities":[94],"are":[95,166,183,191,208],"educated":[96],"question.":[100],"caught":[108],"them":[109],"unaware.":[110],"Methods:":[111],"This":[112],"research":[113],"investigates":[114],"preparedness":[116],"support":[122],"use":[125,189,197],"information":[127],"within":[128],"tertiary":[132],"fraternity.":[134],"A":[135],"qualitative":[136],"approach":[137],"was":[138,176],"used":[139],"for":[140,187,252],"this":[141],"study.":[142],"Interviews":[143],"were":[144],"done":[145],"with":[146,238],"thirty":[147],"purposively":[148],"selected":[149],"academics":[152],"from":[153],"universities":[154],"in":[155,164,224],"Zimbabwe.":[156],"Results:":[157],"Findings":[158],"indicated":[159],"that":[160,179],"university":[162],"libraries":[163,182,253],"Zimbabwe":[165],"still":[167,192],"at":[168],"adoption":[170],"stage":[171],"intelligence.":[174],"It":[175],"also":[177,209],"found":[178],"not":[184],"yet":[185],"prepared":[186,203,210],"crafting":[193],"policies":[194,242],"on":[195,214,246],"AI.":[199,206],"Discussion:":[200],"seem":[202],"adopt":[205,256],"They":[207],"offer":[212],"training":[213],"how":[215],"protect":[217],"property":[219],"but":[220],"serious":[222],"challenges":[223],"issues":[225],"transparency,":[227],"security,":[229],"plagiarism":[230],"detection":[231],"concerns":[233],"losses.":[236],"no":[239],"having":[243],"crafted":[245],"use,":[248],"it":[249],"becomes":[250],"challenging":[251],"full":[255],"its":[257],"usage.":[258]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
