{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4400099468","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frma.2024.1397649","title":"Addressing researcher fraud: retrospective, real-time, and preventive strategies\u2013including legal points and data management that prevents fraud","display_name":"Addressing researcher fraud: retrospective, real-time, and preventive strategies\u2013including legal points and data management that prevents fraud","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-06-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4400099468","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frma.2024.1397649","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38993994"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/frma.2024.1397649","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frma.2024.1397649","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/research-metrics-and-analytics/articles/10.3389/frma.2024.1397649/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2596295431","display_name":"Frontiers in Research Metrics and Analytics","issn_l":"2504-0537","issn":["2504-0537"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Research Metrics and Analytics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/research-metrics-and-analytics/articles/10.3389/frma.2024.1397649/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103422884","display_name":"James E. Kennedy","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"James E. Kennedy","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103422884"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"],"apc_list":{"value":950,"currency":"USD","value_usd":950},"apc_paid":{"value":950,"currency":"USD","value_usd":950},"fwci":2.5254,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89169795,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"1397649","last_page":"1397649"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10582","display_name":"Ethics in Clinical Research","score":0.9684000015258789,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10582","display_name":"Ethics in Clinical Research","score":0.9684000015258789,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11492","display_name":"Academic integrity and plagiarism","score":0.964900016784668,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.9376000165939331,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.39901164174079895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/actuarial-science","display_name":"Actuarial science","score":0.3403412997722626}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.39901164174079895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162118730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128453","display_name":"Actuarial science","level":1,"score":0.3403412997722626}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/frma.2024.1397649","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frma.2024.1397649","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/research-metrics-and-analytics/articles/10.3389/frma.2024.1397649/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2596295431","display_name":"Frontiers in Research Metrics and Analytics","issn_l":"2504-0537","issn":["2504-0537"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Research Metrics and Analytics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38993994","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38993994","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in research metrics and analytics","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11236558","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11236558","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11236558/pdf/frma-09-1397649.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Front Res Metr Anal","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:90ae752c6d664b589952f847640d3e8d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/90ae752c6d664b589952f847640d3e8d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Research Metrics and Analytics, Vol 9 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/frma.2024.1397649","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frma.2024.1397649","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/research-metrics-and-analytics/articles/10.3389/frma.2024.1397649/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2596295431","display_name":"Frontiers in Research Metrics and Analytics","issn_l":"2504-0537","issn":["2504-0537"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Research Metrics and Analytics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.7900000214576721}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4400099468.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W597326641","https://openalex.org/W1993266153","https://openalex.org/W2020201189","https://openalex.org/W2123263696","https://openalex.org/W2142075785","https://openalex.org/W2155439155","https://openalex.org/W2156388043","https://openalex.org/W2161498332","https://openalex.org/W2302501749","https://openalex.org/W2514888297","https://openalex.org/W2563949350","https://openalex.org/W2610312145","https://openalex.org/W3010809165","https://openalex.org/W3024866623","https://openalex.org/W3033000097","https://openalex.org/W3084434745","https://openalex.org/W3136484570","https://openalex.org/W3162307634","https://openalex.org/W3164096485","https://openalex.org/W4253644970","https://openalex.org/W4286001978","https://openalex.org/W4289522081","https://openalex.org/W4319657189","https://openalex.org/W4362014531","https://openalex.org/W4366597096","https://openalex.org/W4376128957","https://openalex.org/W4385879855","https://openalex.org/W4386101115","https://openalex.org/W4386591635","https://openalex.org/W4389609835"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2765153054","https://openalex.org/W2596173151","https://openalex.org/W3213789065","https://openalex.org/W3080576469","https://openalex.org/W4231340554","https://openalex.org/W1491839574","https://openalex.org/W2931838652","https://openalex.org/W3168296622","https://openalex.org/W4399331938"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Researcher":[0],"fraud":[1,18,25,40,48,60,82,115,187],"is":[2,29,94,128],"often":[3],"easy":[4],"and":[5,31,64,76,139,169,188,231,245,248,275,304],"enticing":[6],"in":[7,105,109,116,137,157,175,193,208,260],"academic":[8,210,261],"research,":[9],"with":[10,267,296],"little":[11,268],"risk":[12],"of":[13,16,24,47,59,73,102,121,125,135,142,159,220,242],"detection.":[14],"Cases":[15],"extensive":[17],"continue":[19],"to":[20,79,96,99,202,228,270,290],"occur.":[21],"The":[22,91,149],"amount":[23],"that":[26,55,69,127,181,251,272,293,300],"goes":[27],"undetected":[28],"unknown":[30,205],"may":[32,152],"be":[33,153,203,288],"substantial.":[34],"Three":[35],"strategies":[36],"for":[37],"addressing":[38],"researcher":[39,81,186],"are":[41,172,182,191],"(a)":[42],"retrospective":[43,89,92,150],"investigations":[44],"after":[45],"allegations":[46],"have":[49,83],"been":[50],"made,":[51],"(b)":[52],"sting":[53],"operations":[54,164],"provide":[56],"conclusive":[57],"evidence":[58,104,126,136],"as":[61,283],"it":[62],"occurs,":[63],"(c)":[65],"data":[66,213,230,232,243,258,266,285,297],"management":[67,179,214,259,286,298],"practices":[68,180,215,271,299],"prevent":[70,273],"the":[71,88,100,107,114,119,132,140,221,229],"occurrence":[72],"fraud.":[74,148,162,254],"Institutional":[75],"regulatory":[77],"efforts":[78],"address":[80,253,302],"focused":[84],"almost":[85],"exclusively":[86],"on":[87,264],"strategy.":[90],"approach":[93],"subject":[95],"controversy":[97],"due":[98],"limitations":[101,168],"post-hoc":[103],"science,":[106,138],"difficulty":[108],"establishing":[110],"who":[111],"actually":[112],"committed":[113],"some":[117],"cases,":[118],"application":[120],"a":[122],"legal":[123,143],"standard":[124],"much":[129],"lower":[130],"than":[131],"usual":[133],"standards":[134],"lack":[141],"expertise":[144],"by":[145,197],"scientists":[146],"investigating":[147],"strategy":[151],"reliably":[154],"effective":[155,183],"primarily":[156],"cases":[158],"extensive,":[160],"careless":[161],"Sting":[163],"can":[165],"overcome":[166],"these":[167],"controversies,":[170],"but":[171,200],"not":[173],"feasible":[174],"many":[176],"situations.":[177],"Data":[178],"at":[184],"preventing":[185],"unintentional":[189,276,305],"errors":[190],"well-established":[192],"clinical":[194],"trials":[195],"regulated":[196],"government":[198],"agencies,":[199],"appear":[201],"largely":[204],"or":[206,280],"unimplemented":[207],"most":[209],"research.":[211],"Established":[212],"include:":[216],"archiving":[217],"secure":[218],"copies":[219],"raw":[222],"data,":[223],"audit":[224],"trails,":[225],"restricted":[226],"access":[227],"collection":[233],"processes,":[234],"software":[235],"validation,":[236],"quality":[237],"control":[238],"checks,":[239],"blinding,":[240],"preregistration":[241],"processing":[244],"analysis":[246],"programs,":[247],"research":[249,262,292],"audits":[250],"directly":[252],"Current":[255],"discussions":[256],"about":[257],"focus":[263],"sharing":[265],"attention":[269],"intentional":[274,303],"errors.":[277,306],"A":[278],"designation":[279],"badge":[281],"such":[282],"error-controlled":[284],"could":[287],"established":[289],"indicate":[291],"was":[294],"conducted":[295],"effectively":[301]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-05-16T08:24:45.110214","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
