{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4307271398","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frma.2022.1001266","title":"Temporal disambiguation of relative temporal expressions in clinical texts","display_name":"Temporal disambiguation of relative temporal expressions in clinical texts","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-10-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4307271398","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frma.2022.1001266","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36352893"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/frma.2022.1001266","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frma.2022.1001266","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frma.2022.1001266/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2596295431","display_name":"Frontiers in Research Metrics and Analytics","issn_l":"2504-0537","issn":["2504-0537"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Research Metrics and Analytics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frma.2022.1001266/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000376105","display_name":"Amy L. Olex","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8064-521X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184840846","display_name":"Virginia Commonwealth University","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkdxk79","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184840846"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Amy L. Olex","raw_affiliation_strings":["C. Kenneth and Diane Wright Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States","Department of Computer Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"C. Kenneth and Diane Wright Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184840846"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184840846"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083901654","display_name":"Bridget T. McInnes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2297-6672"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184840846","display_name":"Virginia Commonwealth University","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkdxk79","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184840846"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bridget T. McInnes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184840846"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5000376105"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184840846"],"apc_list":{"value":950,"currency":"USD","value_usd":950},"apc_paid":{"value":950,"currency":"USD","value_usd":950},"fwci":0.1387,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.55712858,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"1001266","last_page":"1001266"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalization","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","score":0.7656580209732056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7628563642501831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/timeline","display_name":"Timeline","score":0.6731545329093933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.5504403114318848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tern","display_name":"Tern","score":0.5341120958328247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5134114027023315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temporal-database","display_name":"Temporal database","score":0.4451340138912201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temporal-resolution","display_name":"Temporal resolution","score":0.4221828579902649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.1593969464302063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.1234542727470398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09052246809005737}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136886441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926129","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.7656580209732056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7628563642501831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4438859","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186117","display_name":"Timeline","level":2,"score":0.6731545329093933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5504403114318848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779084665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875769","display_name":"Tern","level":2,"score":0.5341120958328247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5134114027023315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77277458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1969246","display_name":"Temporal database","level":2,"score":0.4451340138912201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119666444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5977280","display_name":"Temporal resolution","level":2,"score":0.4221828579902649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.1593969464302063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.1234542727470398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09052246809005737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C505870484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180538","display_name":"Fishery","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/frma.2022.1001266","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frma.2022.1001266","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frma.2022.1001266/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2596295431","display_name":"Frontiers in Research Metrics and Analytics","issn_l":"2504-0537","issn":["2504-0537"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Research Metrics and Analytics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36352893","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36352893","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in research metrics and analytics","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:754d2c3a1acf4645977b7c72a72aa0a3","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/754d2c3a1acf4645977b7c72a72aa0a3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Research Metrics and Analytics, Vol 7 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9638055","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9638055","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Front Res Metr Anal","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/frma.2022.1001266","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frma.2022.1001266","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frma.2022.1001266/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2596295431","display_name":"Frontiers in Research Metrics and Analytics","issn_l":"2504-0537","issn":["2504-0537"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Research Metrics and Analytics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.8399999737739563}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3015141988","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"UL1TR002649","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320316438","funder_display_name":"Georgia Clinical and Translational Science Alliance"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3999804545","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"UL1TR002649","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337472","funder_display_name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5430408733","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"UL1TR002649","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311096","funder_display_name":"Virginia Commonwealth University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G852066862","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"UL1TR002649","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311096","display_name":"Virginia Commonwealth University","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkdxk79"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320316438","display_name":"Georgia Clinical and Translational Science Alliance","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337472","display_name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04pw6fb54"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4307271398.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4307271398.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1519469861","https://openalex.org/W1944671275","https://openalex.org/W1956885672","https://openalex.org/W1995687988","https://openalex.org/W2018397720","https://openalex.org/W2039633879","https://openalex.org/W2135423259","https://openalex.org/W2137407193","https://openalex.org/W2149247100","https://openalex.org/W2163241422","https://openalex.org/W2251642873","https://openalex.org/W2293452551","https://openalex.org/W2295863868","https://openalex.org/W2427807117","https://openalex.org/W2771560733","https://openalex.org/W2781528640","https://openalex.org/W2805877368","https://openalex.org/W2884462261","https://openalex.org/W2963716420","https://openalex.org/W2970885630","https://openalex.org/W2977481105","https://openalex.org/W2979001288","https://openalex.org/W2979826702","https://openalex.org/W3012612211","https://openalex.org/W3026565924","https://openalex.org/W3156497099","https://openalex.org/W3205462295","https://openalex.org/W3213708588","https://openalex.org/W4231842606","https://openalex.org/W4285666859","https://openalex.org/W4301101316","https://openalex.org/W6629157203","https://openalex.org/W6746866146","https://openalex.org/W6755207826","https://openalex.org/W6777430070"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1858249912","https://openalex.org/W2114034199","https://openalex.org/W4391249598","https://openalex.org/W2317428717","https://openalex.org/W2734259032","https://openalex.org/W3094038556","https://openalex.org/W2014772881","https://openalex.org/W4254228154","https://openalex.org/W3049477255","https://openalex.org/W2776208758"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Temporal":[0,77],"expression":[1],"recognition":[2],"and":[3,80,97,119,137,170,183],"normalization":[4,109],"(TERN)":[5],"is":[6,171],"the":[7,56,73,121,124,130,172],"foundation":[8],"for":[9,39,63,160],"all":[10,103],"higher-level":[11],"temporal":[12,112,117,133,153,161,165],"reasoning":[13],"tasks":[14],"in":[15,36,41,72,91,108,115,120,167],"natural":[16],"language":[17],"processing,":[18],"such":[19],"as":[20],"timeline":[21],"extraction,":[22],"so":[23],"it":[24],"must":[25],"be":[26],"performed":[27],"well":[28],"to":[29,87,150,176],"limit":[30],"error":[31,61,99],"propagation.":[32],"Achieving":[33],"new":[34],"heights":[35],"state-of-the-art":[37,67,158],"performance":[38,107,159],"TERN":[40,68,174],"clinical":[42,168],"texts":[43],"requires":[44],"knowledge":[45],"of":[46,58,93,110,123,132,163],"where":[47],"current":[48],"systems":[49,69,104],"struggle.":[50],"In":[51],"this":[52],"work,":[53],"we":[54,135],"summarize":[55],"results":[57],"a":[59,139],"detailed":[60],"analysis":[62,100],"three":[64],"top":[65],"performing":[66],"that":[70,102,143],"participated":[71],"2012":[74],"i2b2":[75],"Clinical":[76],"Relation":[78],"Challenge,":[79],"compare":[81],"our":[82],"own":[83],"home-grown":[84],"system":[85,175],"Chrono":[86,142,155],"identify":[88],"specific":[89],"areas":[90],"need":[92],"improvement.":[94],"Performance":[95],"metrics":[96],"an":[98],"reveal":[101],"have":[105],"reduced":[106],"relative":[111,152,164],"expressions,":[113],"specifically":[114],"disambiguating":[116],"types":[118],"identification":[122],"correct":[125],"anchor":[126],"time.":[127],"To":[128],"address":[129],"issue":[131],"disambiguation":[134,162],"developed":[136],"integrated":[138],"module":[140],"into":[141,180],"utilizes":[144],"temporally":[145],"fine-tuned":[146],"contextual":[147],"word":[148],"embeddings":[149],"disambiguate":[151],"expressions.":[154],"now":[156],"achieves":[157],"expressions":[166],"text,":[169],"only":[173],"output":[177],"dual":[178],"annotations":[179],"both":[181],"TimeML":[182],"SCATE":[184],"schemes.":[185]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}