{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411694425","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frcmn.2025.1621431","title":"Simultaneous mobility of gateways and nodes in LoRaWAN: a key advancement for reliable soldier health monitoring","display_name":"Simultaneous mobility of gateways and nodes in LoRaWAN: a key advancement for reliable soldier health monitoring","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411694425","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frcmn.2025.1621431"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/frcmn.2025.1621431","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frcmn.2025.1621431","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/communications-and-networks/articles/10.3389/frcmn.2025.1621431/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210213607","display_name":"Frontiers in Communications and Networks","issn_l":"2673-530X","issn":["2673-530X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Communications and Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/communications-and-networks/articles/10.3389/frcmn.2025.1621431/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039441233","display_name":"Atheer M. Alghamdi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8763-8044"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I120238654","display_name":"Saudi Electronic University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ndh7v49","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I120238654"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Atheer Alghamdi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I120238654"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089102991","display_name":"Reem Alotaibi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9354-0046"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I120238654","display_name":"Saudi Electronic University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ndh7v49","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I120238654"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Reem Alotaibi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I120238654"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080121394","display_name":"Sabeen Tahir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3810-3908"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","display_name":"Cardiff University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kk7td41","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sabeen Tahir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cardiff School of Technologies, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cardiff School of Technologies, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5039441233"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I120238654"],"apc_list":{"value":1900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1900},"apc_paid":{"value":1900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1900},"fwci":2.3373,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88852574,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12801","display_name":"Bluetooth and Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9900000095367432,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11932","display_name":"Wireless Body Area Networks","score":0.9865000247955322,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.7537421584129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4010583758354187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.39612430334091187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3957780599594116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.3323150873184204}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.7537421584129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4010583758354187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.39612430334091187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3957780599594116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3323150873184204}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/frcmn.2025.1621431","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frcmn.2025.1621431","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/communications-and-networks/articles/10.3389/frcmn.2025.1621431/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210213607","display_name":"Frontiers in Communications and Networks","issn_l":"2673-530X","issn":["2673-530X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Communications and Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2145059a25274a029c15db1bf3d8c51b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2145059a25274a029c15db1bf3d8c51b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Communications and Networks, Vol 6 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/frcmn.2025.1621431","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frcmn.2025.1621431","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/communications-and-networks/articles/10.3389/frcmn.2025.1621431/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210213607","display_name":"Frontiers in Communications and Networks","issn_l":"2673-530X","issn":["2673-530X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Communications and Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4411694425.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4411694425.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2111612776","https://openalex.org/W2187325340","https://openalex.org/W2520480241","https://openalex.org/W2571043451","https://openalex.org/W2604830243","https://openalex.org/W2766303497","https://openalex.org/W2809714378","https://openalex.org/W2809803840","https://openalex.org/W2825630662","https://openalex.org/W2901309327","https://openalex.org/W2906575549","https://openalex.org/W2958488283","https://openalex.org/W2980551859","https://openalex.org/W3005831561","https://openalex.org/W3006251489","https://openalex.org/W3017448888","https://openalex.org/W3088309240","https://openalex.org/W3126469499","https://openalex.org/W3208074829","https://openalex.org/W4200567441","https://openalex.org/W4243452843","https://openalex.org/W4296830544","https://openalex.org/W4307028210","https://openalex.org/W4310905593","https://openalex.org/W4311878103","https://openalex.org/W4316506832","https://openalex.org/W4318220548","https://openalex.org/W4319157832","https://openalex.org/W4324092220","https://openalex.org/W4377969654","https://openalex.org/W4386091827","https://openalex.org/W4386897039","https://openalex.org/W4386919504","https://openalex.org/W4387673657","https://openalex.org/W4388101734","https://openalex.org/W4391452965","https://openalex.org/W4392502547","https://openalex.org/W4399409286","https://openalex.org/W4400527331","https://openalex.org/W4400975064","https://openalex.org/W4402215908","https://openalex.org/W4402715922","https://openalex.org/W4407184964","https://openalex.org/W4407405390","https://openalex.org/W4407483938","https://openalex.org/W4409923515","https://openalex.org/W6765799988","https://openalex.org/W6788156399","https://openalex.org/W6805811467","https://openalex.org/W6810186554","https://openalex.org/W6944679946"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Introduction":[0],"Mobility":[1],"significantly":[2],"influences":[3],"the":[4,30,45,94,108,173,196],"evaluation":[5],"of":[6,32,48,71,96,127,140,145,155,175,198,210],"wireless":[7],"communication":[8,23,88,167,201],"systems,":[9],"particularly":[10],"in":[11,69,89,189,234],"real-time":[12,204],"soldier":[13],"health":[14,206],"monitoring":[15,207],"across":[16],"isolated":[17],"and":[18,51,66,76,102,115,151,166,182,225],"dynamic":[19],"environments":[20],"where":[21],"reliable":[22,133],"is":[24],"vital.":[25],"Methods":[26],"This":[27,170],"study":[28,80],"investigates":[29],"performance":[31,178],"Long":[33],"Range":[34],"Wide":[35],"Area":[36],"Network":[37],"(LoRaWAN)":[38],"under":[39,179],"varying":[40],"mobility":[41,62,110,221],"conditions,":[42],"focusing":[43],"on":[44],"simultaneous":[46,180],"movement":[47],"soldier-mounted":[49],"nodes":[50],"Unmanned":[52],"Aerial":[53],"Vehicle":[54],"(UAV)\u2014mounted":[55],"gateways.":[56],"Using":[57],"a":[58,122,137,152,185],"simulation-based":[59],"approach,":[60],"four":[61],"models\u2014Static,":[63],"Random,":[64],"Linear,":[65],"Gauss-Markov\u2014are":[67],"evaluated":[68],"terms":[70],"signal":[72,134],"strength,":[73],"energy":[74,164],"consumption,":[75],"data":[77],"rate.":[78],"The":[79,192],"aims":[81],"to":[82,129,195,229],"identify":[83],"optimal":[84],"configurations":[85],"for":[86,118,203],"LoRaWAN":[87,177],"military":[90,205],"settings":[91],"by":[92],"assessing":[93],"impact":[95],"mobility,":[97,184],"transmission":[98,153,227],"intervals,":[99],"UAV":[100,138],"altitude,":[101],"speed.":[103],"Results":[104,105],"demonstrate":[106],"that":[107],"Linear":[109],"model":[111],"ensures":[112],"superior":[113],"connectivity":[114],"network":[116],"stability":[117],"UAV-mounted":[119],"gateways,":[120],"achieving":[121],"Data":[123],"Extraction":[124],"Rate":[125],"(DER)":[126],"up":[128],"99%":[130],"with":[131],"consistently":[132],"quality.":[135],"Additionally,":[136],"altitude":[139],"20":[141],"meters":[142,147],"(m),":[143],"speed":[144],"25":[146],"per":[148],"second":[149],"(mps),":[150],"interval":[154],"600":[156],"seconds":[157],"(s)":[158],"yield":[159],"an":[160],"effective":[161],"balance":[162],"between":[163],"efficiency":[165],"accuracy.":[168],"Discussion":[169],"work":[171,216],"highlights":[172],"importance":[174],"optimizing":[176],"node":[181],"gateway":[183],"factor":[186],"often":[187],"overlooked":[188],"prior":[190],"studies.":[191],"findings":[193],"contribute":[194],"development":[197],"robust,":[199],"mobility-aware":[200],"strategies":[202],"using":[208],"Internet":[209],"Medical":[211],"Things":[212],"(IoMT)":[213],"devices.":[214],"Future":[215],"may":[217],"explore":[218],"more":[219],"complex":[220],"scenarios,":[222],"environmental":[223],"influences,":[224],"adaptive":[226],"schemes":[228],"further":[230],"enhance":[231],"system":[232],"responsiveness":[233],"emergency":[235],"medical":[236],"conditions.":[237]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T09:19:25.381259","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
