{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410282161","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frcmn.2025.1546936","title":"Abnormal traffic detection based on image recognition and attention-residual optimization","display_name":"Abnormal traffic detection based on image recognition and attention-residual optimization","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410282161","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frcmn.2025.1546936"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/frcmn.2025.1546936","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frcmn.2025.1546936","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/communications-and-networks/articles/10.3389/frcmn.2025.1546936/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210213607","display_name":"Frontiers in Communications and Networks","issn_l":"2673-530X","issn":["2673-530X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Communications and Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/communications-and-networks/articles/10.3389/frcmn.2025.1546936/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100399582","display_name":"Pengfei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0957-3414"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145897649","display_name":"Minzu University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/0044e2g62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145897649"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Pengfei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Intelligent Systems Science and Engineering, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Intelligent Systems Science and Engineering, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145897649"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113347439","display_name":"Xinpeng Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8070-0688"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145897649","display_name":"Minzu University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/0044e2g62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145897649"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinpeng Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Intelligent Systems Science and Engineering, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Intelligent Systems Science and Engineering, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145897649"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050167685","display_name":"Jinan Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6222-4278"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145897649","display_name":"Minzu University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/0044e2g62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145897649"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jinan Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Intelligent Systems Science and Engineering, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Intelligent Systems Science and Engineering, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145897649"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048920663","display_name":"Zhenwu Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6058-6443"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenwu Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103047540","display_name":"Fang Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4893-5967"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145897649","display_name":"Minzu University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/0044e2g62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145897649"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fang Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Intelligent Systems Science and Engineering, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Intelligent Systems Science and Engineering, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145897649"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041093991","display_name":"Qingyun Du","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4615-2029"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145897649","display_name":"Minzu University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/0044e2g62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145897649"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiuyang Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Intelligent Systems Science and Engineering, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Intelligent Systems Science and Engineering, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145897649"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5050167685","https://openalex.org/A5100399582"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145897649"],"apc_list":{"value":1900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1900},"apc_paid":{"value":1900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1900},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.09204285,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/residual","display_name":"Residual","score":0.7799662351608276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6037753224372864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5874502062797546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4849427044391632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.4397367835044861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4293912947177887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.11741214990615845}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155512373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287450","display_name":"Residual","level":2,"score":0.7799662351608276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6037753224372864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5874502062797546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4849427044391632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4397367835044861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4293912947177887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.11741214990615845}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/frcmn.2025.1546936","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frcmn.2025.1546936","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/communications-and-networks/articles/10.3389/frcmn.2025.1546936/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210213607","display_name":"Frontiers in Communications and Networks","issn_l":"2673-530X","issn":["2673-530X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Communications and Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:57ce1c9aa90648388d2e0f4e702609a4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/57ce1c9aa90648388d2e0f4e702609a4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Communications and Networks, Vol 6 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/frcmn.2025.1546936","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frcmn.2025.1546936","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/communications-and-networks/articles/10.3389/frcmn.2025.1546936/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210213607","display_name":"Frontiers in Communications and Networks","issn_l":"2673-530X","issn":["2673-530X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Communications and Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1404704123","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62262020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4410282161.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4410282161.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2100537916","https://openalex.org/W2326324325","https://openalex.org/W2426032775","https://openalex.org/W2512144135","https://openalex.org/W2805674924","https://openalex.org/W2901751902","https://openalex.org/W2907111600","https://openalex.org/W2921019731","https://openalex.org/W2926701059","https://openalex.org/W2939087234","https://openalex.org/W2946445608","https://openalex.org/W2994963040","https://openalex.org/W2998722477","https://openalex.org/W3005805195","https://openalex.org/W3017269319","https://openalex.org/W3021024059","https://openalex.org/W3045661671","https://openalex.org/W3082065751","https://openalex.org/W3118241656","https://openalex.org/W3126140213","https://openalex.org/W3133726397","https://openalex.org/W3135321720","https://openalex.org/W3157450643","https://openalex.org/W3162620147","https://openalex.org/W3171364527","https://openalex.org/W3211966592","https://openalex.org/W4206660090","https://openalex.org/W4226135488","https://openalex.org/W4242158993","https://openalex.org/W4283019189","https://openalex.org/W4284686675","https://openalex.org/W4285227013","https://openalex.org/W4285732709","https://openalex.org/W4292387419","https://openalex.org/W4295788744","https://openalex.org/W4306650020","https://openalex.org/W4310793371","https://openalex.org/W4313201183","https://openalex.org/W4313654696","https://openalex.org/W4322753725","https://openalex.org/W4323022372","https://openalex.org/W4381800938","https://openalex.org/W4382138673","https://openalex.org/W4387458573","https://openalex.org/W4388019674","https://openalex.org/W4389428576","https://openalex.org/W4390616416","https://openalex.org/W4396949313","https://openalex.org/W6771955063","https://openalex.org/W6852567884"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2772917594","https://openalex.org/W2036807459","https://openalex.org/W2058170566","https://openalex.org/W2755342338","https://openalex.org/W2166024367","https://openalex.org/W3116076068","https://openalex.org/W2229312674","https://openalex.org/W2951359407","https://openalex.org/W2079911747","https://openalex.org/W1969923398"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,9,18,36,56,105,114,132,154,164,171],"advancement":[2],"of":[3,5,12,20,23,59,117,146,173],"Internet":[4],"Things":[6],"(IoT)":[7],"technology,":[8],"continuous":[10],"growth":[11],"IoT":[13,189],"systems":[14,46],"has":[15,27],"resulted":[16],"in":[17,32,51,188],"accumulation":[19],"massive":[21],"amounts":[22],"data.":[24],"Consequently,":[25],"there":[26],"been":[28],"a":[29,48],"sharp":[30],"increase":[31],"network":[33,40,52,85,130,186,204],"attacks,":[34],"highlighting":[35],"need":[37],"for":[38],"enhanced":[39],"security":[41,187],"methods.":[42],"Network":[43,75],"intrusion":[44,86,205],"detection":[45,87,206],"play":[47],"crucial":[49],"role":[50],"security.":[53],"Compared":[54],"to":[55,64,120,184],"traditional":[57],"approach":[58],"using":[60],"single":[61],"time-series":[62],"models":[63],"process":[65],"traffic":[66,98,147],"data,":[67],"this":[68],"study":[69,169],"innovatively":[70],"proposes":[71],"an":[72],"RMCLA":[73],"(Residual":[74],"and":[76,92,103,128,140,156,159,181],"Multi-scale":[77],"Convolution":[78],"Long":[79],"Short-Term":[80],"Memory":[81],"with":[82,90,163,178,198],"Attention":[83],"Mechanisms)":[84],"system":[88],"optimized":[89],"attention":[91,126,180],"residual":[93,129,182],"mechanisms.":[94],"This":[95,168],"model":[96,162],"converts":[97],"data":[99],"into":[100],"feature":[101,106,123,138],"images":[102],"enhances":[104],"contrast":[107],"through":[108],"histogram":[109],"equalization.":[110],"It":[111],"then":[112],"utilizes":[113],"powerful":[115],"performance":[116],"convolutional":[118],"networks":[119,183],"extract":[121],"abnormal":[122,135],"points.":[124],"The":[125,191],"module":[127],"enhance":[131,185],"focus":[133],"on":[134,153],"points,":[136],"reducing":[137],"loss":[139],"redundancy,":[141],"thereby":[142],"achieving":[143],"effective":[144],"classification":[145],"image":[148,196],"processing.":[149],"We":[150],"conducted":[151],"experiments":[152],"CIC-IDS2017":[155],"UNSW-NB15":[157],"datasets":[158],"compared":[160],"our":[161],"latest":[165],"research":[166],"models.":[167],"highlights":[170],"potential":[172],"combining":[174,195],"deep":[175],"learning":[176],"techniques":[177],"advanced":[179],"environments.":[190],"results":[192],"show":[193],"that":[194],"recognition":[197],"attention-residual":[199],"optimization":[200],"can":[201],"effectively":[202],"improve":[203],"capabilities.":[207]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}