{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4417103193","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2025.1717913","title":"Gender-based Alzheimer's detection using ResNet-50 and binary dragonfly algorithm on neuroimaging","display_name":"Gender-based Alzheimer's detection using ResNet-50 and binary dragonfly algorithm on neuroimaging","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4417103193","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2025.1717913","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41437952"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/frai.2025.1717913","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2025.1717913","pdf_url":"https://public-pages-files-2025.frontiersin.org/journals/artificial-intelligence/articles/10.3389/frai.2025.1717913/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210197006","display_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2624-8212","issn":["2624-8212"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://public-pages-files-2025.frontiersin.org/journals/artificial-intelligence/articles/10.3389/frai.2025.1717913/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113190422","display_name":"Muhammad Ikram ul Haq","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1323252656","display_name":"Information Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ngv8j44","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1323252656"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100043","display_name":"Superior University","ror":"https://ror.org/00yh88643","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100043"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99165933","display_name":"University of Gujrat","ror":"https://ror.org/01xe5fb92","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99165933"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Ikram ul Haq","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Technology, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan","Department of Software Engineering, Superior University, Lahore, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99165933","https://openalex.org/I1323252656"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Software Engineering, Superior University, Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100043"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113681529","display_name":"Waqas Haider Bangyal","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3133159679","display_name":"Murang'a University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/057k4ej49","country_code":"KE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3133159679"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Waqas Haider Bangyal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Kohsar University Murree, Murree, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Kohsar University Murree, Murree, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3133159679"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062907646","display_name":"Arfan Jaffar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7003-4498"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100043","display_name":"Superior University","ror":"https://ror.org/00yh88643","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100043"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arfan Jaffar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Software Engineering, Superior University, Lahore, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Software Engineering, Superior University, Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100043"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010661835","display_name":"Asma Abdullah Alfayez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7448-2095"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185203018","display_name":"King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/0149jvn88","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185203018"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095597","display_name":"King Abdullah International Medical Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/009p8zv69","country_code":"SA","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210095597"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4517696","display_name":"National Guard Health Affairs","ror":"https://ror.org/02pecpe58","country_code":"SA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4517696"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Asma Abdullah Alfayez","raw_affiliation_strings":["King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Science, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095597"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Science, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185203018"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4517696"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100669992","display_name":"Adnan Ashraf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4544-6749"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202334528","display_name":"Beijing Electronic Science and Technology Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01xdzh226","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202334528"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adnan Ashraf","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, Haidian, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, Haidian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I202334528"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046631978","display_name":"Meshari Alazmi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9074-1029"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088963","display_name":"University of Ha'il","ror":"https://ror.org/013w98a82","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210088963"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meshari Alazmi","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088963"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012148132","display_name":"Mubbashar Hussain","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100043","display_name":"Superior University","ror":"https://ror.org/00yh88643","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100043"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mubbashar Hussain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Software Engineering, Superior University, Lahore, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Software Engineering, Superior University, Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100043"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5010661835","https://openalex.org/A5113681529"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185203018","https://openalex.org/I3133159679","https://openalex.org/I4210095597","https://openalex.org/I4517696"],"apc_list":{"value":1150,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1150},"apc_paid":{"value":1150,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1150},"fwci":3.0052,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92265623,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"1717913","last_page":"1717913"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10009","display_name":"Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research","score":0.49619999527931213,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10009","display_name":"Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research","score":0.49619999527931213,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12702","display_name":"Brain Tumor Detection and Classification","score":0.08699999749660492,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.07769999653100967,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-selection","display_name":"Feature selection","score":0.7013000249862671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6272000074386597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.589900016784668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5611000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-classification","display_name":"Binary classification","score":0.487199991941452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroimaging","display_name":"Neuroimaging","score":0.45320001244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/functional-magnetic-resonance-imaging","display_name":"Functional magnetic resonance imaging","score":0.4056999981403351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.38339999318122864}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148483581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446488","display_name":"Feature selection","level":2,"score":0.7013000249862671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6984999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6272000074386597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.609000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.589900016784668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5611000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66905080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17005494","display_name":"Binary classification","level":3,"score":0.487199991941452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58693492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q551875","display_name":"Neuroimaging","level":2,"score":0.45320001244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779226451","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q903809","display_name":"Functional magnetic resonance imaging","level":2,"score":0.4056999981403351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.38339999318122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.3756999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110083411","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1744628","display_name":"Statistical classification","level":2,"score":0.37040001153945923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3646000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58489278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172284","display_name":"Data set","level":2,"score":0.353300005197525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.35109999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.3018999993801117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.2953999936580658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779483572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83030","display_name":"Dementia","level":3,"score":0.289000004529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59404180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17013334","display_name":"Feature learning","level":2,"score":0.2761000096797943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.2533999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67795661","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17018993","display_name":"Shearlet","level":3,"score":0.25049999356269836}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/frai.2025.1717913","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2025.1717913","pdf_url":"https://public-pages-files-2025.frontiersin.org/journals/artificial-intelligence/articles/10.3389/frai.2025.1717913/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210197006","display_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2624-8212","issn":["2624-8212"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41437952","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41437952","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in artificial intelligence","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12719442","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12719442/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Front Artif Intell","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/frai.2025.1717913","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2025.1717913","pdf_url":"https://public-pages-files-2025.frontiersin.org/journals/artificial-intelligence/articles/10.3389/frai.2025.1717913/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210197006","display_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2624-8212","issn":["2624-8212"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4417103193.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4417103193.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3045938310","https://openalex.org/W3127420012","https://openalex.org/W3158185880","https://openalex.org/W3164712058","https://openalex.org/W3192083518","https://openalex.org/W3201313057","https://openalex.org/W4224246814","https://openalex.org/W4280637405","https://openalex.org/W4283260325","https://openalex.org/W4310334659","https://openalex.org/W4310461604","https://openalex.org/W4319066446","https://openalex.org/W4328026323","https://openalex.org/W4387601800","https://openalex.org/W4388921875","https://openalex.org/W4389451719","https://openalex.org/W4389719675","https://openalex.org/W4391211271","https://openalex.org/W4391440634","https://openalex.org/W4393869509","https://openalex.org/W4394950934","https://openalex.org/W4396233423","https://openalex.org/W4400261312","https://openalex.org/W4401207236","https://openalex.org/W4401579948","https://openalex.org/W4401581241","https://openalex.org/W4402677794","https://openalex.org/W4402753400","https://openalex.org/W4403269332","https://openalex.org/W4403689505","https://openalex.org/W4404986427","https://openalex.org/W4405853106","https://openalex.org/W4408379566","https://openalex.org/W4408678220","https://openalex.org/W4409427163","https://openalex.org/W4410605158","https://openalex.org/W4410708803","https://openalex.org/W4411041739","https://openalex.org/W4411868327","https://openalex.org/W4413025875"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Alzheimer's":[0,53,119,134],"disease":[1,105],"(AD)":[2],"is":[3,10,54,113,174,179],"an":[4,38,279],"incurable,":[5],"progressive":[6],"neurodegenerative":[7],"disorder.":[8],"It":[9],"characterized":[11],"by":[12,80],"a":[13,55,68,129,169,194,209,288],"gradual":[14],"decline":[15],"in":[16,24,34,70,140,189],"memory,":[17],"cognition,":[18],"and":[19,27,50,84,93,107,162,199,261,293],"behavior,":[20],"which":[21,127,221],"ultimately":[22],"results":[23,250,270],"severe":[25],"dementia":[26],"functional":[28,143],"dependence.":[29],"AD":[30,78,92],"begins":[31],"to":[32,60,99,158,181,208,238],"develop":[33],"the":[35,75,89,124,141,153,182,213,223,230,239,254,257,262,265,273,284],"brain":[36],"at":[37],"early":[39],"stage,":[40],"while":[41],"its":[42,61],"symptoms":[43],"appear":[44],"gradually":[45],"over":[46],"time.":[47],"Early":[48],"diagnosis":[49,117],"classification":[51,244,266],"of":[52,77,88,118,132,196,233,256,264,281,291],"critical":[56,130],"research":[57],"focus":[58],"due":[59],"silent":[62],"progression.":[63,108],"The":[64,86,249,268],"current":[65],"literature":[66],"highlights":[67],"gap":[69],"gender-based":[71,133],"studies,":[72],"revealing":[73],"that":[74,252,272],"risk":[76,106],"varies":[79],"gender,":[81],"age,":[82],"race,":[83],"ethnicity.":[85],"nature":[87],"association":[90],"between":[91],"these":[94],"factors":[95],"requires":[96],"further":[97],"exploration":[98],"better":[100],"understand":[101],"their":[102],"impact":[103],"on":[104,166,283,287],"Effectively":[109],"employing":[110],"multiple":[111],"algorithms":[112,245],"essential":[114],"for":[115,185,218,246],"accurate":[116],"development.":[120],"This":[121],"study":[122,300],"proposed":[123],"GRDN":[125],"model,":[126],"explored":[128],"aspect":[131],"detection.":[135],"To":[136],"detect":[137],"subtle":[138],"changes":[139],"brain,":[142],"magnetic":[144],"resonance":[145],"imaging":[146],"(fMRI)":[147],"scans":[148],"have":[149],"been":[150],"acquired":[151],"from":[152],"ADNI":[154],"dataset.":[155],"In":[156],"order":[157],"balance":[159],"class":[160],"distribution":[161],"enhance":[163],"classifier":[164],"performance":[165],"underrepresented":[167],"groups,":[168],"generative":[170],"adversarial":[171],"network":[172],"(GAN)":[173],"applied.":[175],"A":[176],"balanced":[177],"dataset":[178],"provided":[180,237],"ResNet-50":[183],"architecture":[184],"feature":[186,190,202,219,228,234,289],"extraction,":[187],"resulting":[188],"matrices":[191,204,232],"set":[192,203,259,290],"with":[193,278],"range":[195],"100,":[197],"250,":[198],"450.":[200],"These":[201],"were":[205,236],"then":[206],"fed":[207],"swarm":[210],"intelligence-based":[211],"approach,":[212],"binary":[214],"dragonfly":[215],"algorithm":[216],"(BDA),":[217],"selection,":[220],"identified":[222],"most":[224],"informative":[225],"features.":[226],"After":[227],"engineering,":[229],"resultant":[231],"selection":[235],"five":[240],"machine":[241],"learning":[242],"(ML)":[243],"data":[247],"classification.":[248],"show":[251],"as":[253],"size":[255],"features":[258],"increases":[260],"accuracy":[263,280],"improves.":[267],"simulation":[269],"demonstrated":[271],"fineKNN":[274],"achieved":[275],"strong":[276],"performance,":[277],"94.8%":[282],"male":[285],"group":[286],"450,":[292],"consistently":[294],"outperformed":[295],"other":[296],"models":[297],"across":[298],"all":[299],"groups.":[301]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-13T07:54:00.901334","created_date":"2025-12-08T00:00:00"}
