{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7125779643","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2025.1714882","title":"CBAM-DenseNet with multi-feature quality filtering: advancing accuracy in small-sample iris recognition","display_name":"CBAM-DenseNet with multi-feature quality filtering: advancing accuracy in small-sample iris recognition","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7125779643","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2025.1714882","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41676169"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/frai.2025.1714882","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2025.1714882","pdf_url":"https://public-pages-files-2025.frontiersin.org/journals/artificial-intelligence/articles/10.3389/frai.2025.1714882/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210197006","display_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2624-8212","issn":["2624-8212"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://public-pages-files-2025.frontiersin.org/journals/artificial-intelligence/articles/10.3389/frai.2025.1714882/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123883042","display_name":"Yongheng Pang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139944","display_name":"Institute of Forensic Science","ror":"https://ror.org/04ry60e05","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089256","https://openalex.org/I4210127390","https://openalex.org/I4210139944"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158717","display_name":"Criminal Investigation Police University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04vnevw94","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210158717"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yongheng Pang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Public Security Information Technology and Intelligence, Criminal Investigation Police University of China, Shenyang","Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine and Key Laboratory of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shenyang"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Public Security Information Technology and Intelligence, Criminal Investigation Police University of China, Shenyang","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158717"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine and Key Laboratory of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shenyang","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139944"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124024338","display_name":"Zishen Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158717","display_name":"Criminal Investigation Police University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04vnevw94","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210158717"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zishen Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Public Security Information Technology and Intelligence, Criminal Investigation Police University of China, Shenyang"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Public Security Information Technology and Intelligence, Criminal Investigation Police University of China, Shenyang","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158717"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123990716","display_name":"Nan Jiang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158717","display_name":"Criminal Investigation Police University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04vnevw94","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210158717"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nan Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Public Security Information Technology and Intelligence, Criminal Investigation Police University of China, Shenyang"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Public Security Information Technology and Intelligence, Criminal Investigation Police University of China, Shenyang","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158717"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123888709","display_name":"Jia Qin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158717","display_name":"Criminal Investigation Police University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04vnevw94","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210158717"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jia Qin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Public Security Information Technology and Intelligence, Criminal Investigation Police University of China, Shenyang"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Public Security Information Technology and Intelligence, Criminal Investigation Police University of China, Shenyang","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158717"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123937609","display_name":"Suyuan Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158717","display_name":"Criminal Investigation Police University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04vnevw94","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210158717"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Suyuan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Public Security Information Technology and Intelligence, Criminal Investigation Police University of China, Shenyang"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Public Security Information Technology and Intelligence, Criminal Investigation Police University of China, Shenyang","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158717"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5123883042"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139944","https://openalex.org/I4210158717"],"apc_list":{"value":1150,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1150},"apc_paid":{"value":1150,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1150},"fwci":46.1683,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98906049,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"1714882","last_page":"1714882"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iris-recognition","display_name":"Iris recognition","score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.5957000255584717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iris","display_name":"IRIS (biosensor)","score":0.5853999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/password","display_name":"Password","score":0.5669000148773193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5331000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5012999773025513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","score":0.4885999858379364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4799000024795532}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112356035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1672722","display_name":"Iris recognition","level":3,"score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7053999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6739000082015991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.5957000255584717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779503344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5973514","display_name":"IRIS (biosensor)","level":3,"score":0.5853999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109297577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161157","display_name":"Password","level":2,"score":0.5669000148773193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5331000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5012999773025513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.4885999858379364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.48570001125335693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4799000024795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4731999933719635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.45249998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.413100004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83665646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42139305","display_name":"Feature vector","level":2,"score":0.3930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.32829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.32749998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55020928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3813865","display_name":"Image quality","level":3,"score":0.31290000677108765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.30000001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.29809999465942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993807640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103709453","display_name":"Attention network","level":2,"score":0.27619999647140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180863505","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5439687","display_name":"Feature recognition","level":3,"score":0.258899986743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64876066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5141226","display_name":"Cognitive neuroscience of visual object recognition","level":3,"score":0.2513999938964844}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/frai.2025.1714882","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2025.1714882","pdf_url":"https://public-pages-files-2025.frontiersin.org/journals/artificial-intelligence/articles/10.3389/frai.2025.1714882/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210197006","display_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2624-8212","issn":["2624-8212"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41676169","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41676169","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in artificial intelligence","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:11694074","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12886415","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12886415","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12886415/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Front Artif Intell","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/frai.2025.1714882","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2025.1714882","pdf_url":"https://public-pages-files-2025.frontiersin.org/journals/artificial-intelligence/articles/10.3389/frai.2025.1714882/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210197006","display_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2624-8212","issn":["2624-8212"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G442201511","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62406342","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4676223362","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"KF2024","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326699","display_name":"Ministry of Public Security of the People's Republic of China","ror":"https://ror.org/00bt9we26"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7125779643.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7125779643.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1516512487","https://openalex.org/W2092988036","https://openalex.org/W2114212719","https://openalex.org/W2144148034","https://openalex.org/W2156230705","https://openalex.org/W2161872766","https://openalex.org/W2171759622","https://openalex.org/W2517933622","https://openalex.org/W2737548743","https://openalex.org/W2766373199","https://openalex.org/W2916449975","https://openalex.org/W3083553012","https://openalex.org/W3090136216","https://openalex.org/W3119204284","https://openalex.org/W4226496745","https://openalex.org/W4311167091","https://openalex.org/W4387344641","https://openalex.org/W4387645744","https://openalex.org/W4394773539","https://openalex.org/W4416926025"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"the":[1,4,19,83,86,120,137],"context":[2],"of":[3,51,85,122],"information":[5,23],"age,":[6],"traditional":[7],"password":[8],"and":[9,36,100,114,130,149],"key-based":[10],"authentication":[11],"mechanisms":[12],"are":[13,47],"no":[14],"longer":[15],"sufficient":[16],"to":[17,32,49,78,95,118],"meet":[18],"growing":[20],"demands":[21],"for":[22,143],"security.":[24],"Iris":[25],"recognition":[26,40,56,68,147],"technology":[27],"has":[28,140],"garnered":[29],"attention":[30,115],"due":[31],"its":[33],"high":[34],"security":[35],"uniqueness.":[37],"Current":[38],"iris":[39,67,80,104,135],"methods":[41],"based":[42],"on":[43,132],"single":[44],"feature":[45,52,105],"extraction":[46,106],"prone":[48],"loss":[50],"information,":[53],"which":[54],"affects":[55],"rates.":[57],"To":[58],"address":[59],"this,":[60],"this":[61],"paper":[62],"proposes":[63],"a":[64,73,101,111],"multi-feature":[65],"fusion-based":[66],"method.":[69],"The":[70],"method":[71,107,139],"employs":[72],"comprehensive":[74],"quality":[75,84],"evaluation":[76],"scheme":[77],"filter":[79],"images,":[81],"ensuring":[82],"input":[87],"images.":[88],"An":[89],"improved":[90],"CAN":[91],"network":[92],"is":[93,108],"used":[94],"effectively":[96],"remove":[97],"image":[98],"noise,":[99],"DenseNet":[102],"network-based":[103],"combined":[109],"with":[110,126],"fusion":[112],"space":[113],"mechanism":[116],"(CBAM)":[117],"enhance":[119],"expressiveness":[121],"features.":[123],"Through":[124],"experiments":[125],"small":[127],"sample":[128],"sizes":[129],"testing":[131],"various":[133],"public":[134],"databases,":[136],"proposed":[138],"been":[141],"validated":[142],"significant":[144],"improvements":[145],"in":[146],"accuracy":[148],"robustness.":[150]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-22T08:38:42.863108","created_date":"2026-01-28T00:00:00"}