{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4417146124","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2025.1683322","title":"AI for evidence-based treatment recommendation in oncology: a blinded evaluation of large language models and agentic workflows","display_name":"AI for evidence-based treatment recommendation in oncology: a blinded evaluation of large language models and agentic workflows","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4417146124","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2025.1683322","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41446897"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/frai.2025.1683322","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2025.1683322","pdf_url":"https://public-pages-files-2025.frontiersin.org/journals/artificial-intelligence/articles/10.3389/frai.2025.1683322/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210197006","display_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2624-8212","issn":["2624-8212"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://public-pages-files-2025.frontiersin.org/journals/artificial-intelligence/articles/10.3389/frai.2025.1683322/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5099120700","display_name":"Guannan Zhai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6773-9640"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193531525","display_name":"George Washington University","ror":"https://ror.org/00y4zzh67","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guannan Zhai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Statistics, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Statistics, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066212518","display_name":"Merav Bar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9370-9201"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091812","display_name":"Bristol-Myers Squibb (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00gtmwv55","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210091812"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Merav Bar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bristol Myers Squibb, Summit, NJ, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bristol Myers Squibb, Summit, NJ, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091812"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024384857","display_name":"Andrew J. Cowan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1880-7094"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1326427960","display_name":"Cape Town HVTN Immunology Laboratory / Hutchinson Centre Research Institute of South Africa","ror":"https://ror.org/00wdsp051","country_code":"ZA","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1326427960","https://openalex.org/I4210089486"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089486","display_name":"Fred Hutch Cancer Center","ror":"https://ror.org/007ps6h72","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089486"]}],"countries":["US","ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew J. Cowan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutch Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States","Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutch Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089486","https://openalex.org/I1326427960"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079808194","display_name":"Samuel M. Rubinstein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5568-4441"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","ror":"https://ror.org/0130frc33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samuel Rubinstein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Hematology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Hematology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101523204","display_name":"Qian Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3777-1170"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146710","display_name":"Mayo Clinic in Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/03zzw1w08","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723","https://openalex.org/I4210146710"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qian Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146710"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102630551","display_name":"Ningjie Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ningjie Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103176795","display_name":"En Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8507-605X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"En Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["HopeAI, Inc, Princeton, NJ, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HopeAI, Inc, Princeton, NJ, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070149920","display_name":"Will Ma","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Will Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["HopeAI, Inc, Princeton, NJ, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HopeAI, Inc, Princeton, NJ, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5070149920"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"],"apc_list":{"value":1150,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1150},"apc_paid":{"value":1150,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1150},"fwci":0.4825,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76059506,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"1683322","last_page":"1683322"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.906499981880188,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.906499981880188,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.028999999165534973,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.01209999993443489,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workflow","display_name":"Workflow","score":0.7591999769210815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-decision-making","display_name":"Clinical decision making","score":0.3467999994754791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medline","display_name":"MEDLINE","score":0.3361999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patient-safety","display_name":"Patient safety","score":0.3334999978542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-decision-support-system","display_name":"Clinical decision support system","score":0.31529998779296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-trial","display_name":"Clinical trial","score":0.3084999918937683}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177212765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627335","display_name":"Workflow","level":2,"score":0.7591999769210815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.44850000739097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.3880000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.35519999265670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989179672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6806500","display_name":"Clinical decision making","level":2,"score":0.3467999994754791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.3361999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779328685","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1475557","display_name":"Patient safety","level":3,"score":0.3334999978542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63527458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5133829","display_name":"Clinical decision support system","level":3,"score":0.31529998779296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535046627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612","display_name":"Clinical trial","level":2,"score":0.3084999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.30790001153945923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.3068000078201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12174686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1058438","display_name":"Risk assessment","level":2,"score":0.30140000581741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.296099990606308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107327155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q330268","display_name":"Decision support system","level":2,"score":0.2838999927043915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.26739999651908875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.2662999927997589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.2590999901294708}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/frai.2025.1683322","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2025.1683322","pdf_url":"https://public-pages-files-2025.frontiersin.org/journals/artificial-intelligence/articles/10.3389/frai.2025.1683322/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210197006","display_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2624-8212","issn":["2624-8212"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41446897","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41446897","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in artificial intelligence","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c0dac2d000084b29b4f50dacc6143e69","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c0dac2d000084b29b4f50dacc6143e69","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence, Vol 8 (2025)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12722510","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12722510/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Front Artif Intell","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/frai.2025.1683322","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2025.1683322","pdf_url":"https://public-pages-files-2025.frontiersin.org/journals/artificial-intelligence/articles/10.3389/frai.2025.1683322/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210197006","display_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2624-8212","issn":["2624-8212"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4417146124.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4417146124.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2076061140","https://openalex.org/W2095752327","https://openalex.org/W2151887932","https://openalex.org/W2168018375","https://openalex.org/W2928272073","https://openalex.org/W3127065235","https://openalex.org/W3133229959","https://openalex.org/W4210734847","https://openalex.org/W4316507348","https://openalex.org/W4324304837","https://openalex.org/W4327810158","https://openalex.org/W4360836968","https://openalex.org/W4361289889","https://openalex.org/W4377197101","https://openalex.org/W4382678522","https://openalex.org/W4384282063","https://openalex.org/W4385950354","https://openalex.org/W4386897489","https://openalex.org/W4388759569","https://openalex.org/W4389218818","https://openalex.org/W4391482982","https://openalex.org/W4392374645","https://openalex.org/W4392911072","https://openalex.org/W4394688751","https://openalex.org/W4402268246","https://openalex.org/W4403203873","https://openalex.org/W4410191033"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"Evidence-based":[1],"medicine":[2],"is":[3,292],"crucial":[4],"for":[5,38,142,159,244],"clinical":[6,55,173,281,297,329],"decision-making,":[7],"yet":[8],"studies":[9],"suggest":[10],"that":[11,267],"a":[12,67],"significant":[13],"proportion":[14],"of":[15,71,315],"treatment":[16],"decisions":[17],"do":[18],"not":[19],"fully":[20],"incorporate":[21],"the":[22,111,127,150,311],"latest":[23],"evidence.":[24],"Large":[25],"Language":[26],"Models":[27],"(LLMs)":[28],"show":[29,271],"promise":[30,272],"in":[31,273,317],"bridging":[32],"this":[33,160],"gap,":[34],"but":[35],"their":[36,107,277,296],"reliability":[37],"medical":[39,274],"recommendations":[40,52,278],"remains":[41],"uncertain.":[42],"Methods:":[43],"We":[44],"conducted":[45],"an":[46],"evaluation":[47,75],"study":[48,265],"comparing":[49],"five":[50,165],"LLMs'":[51],"across":[53,181,218],"50":[54],"scenarios":[56],"related":[57],"to":[58,190,283,294],"multiple":[59,137],"myeloma":[60],"diagnosis,":[61],"staging,":[62],"treatment,":[63],"and":[64,94,134,139,172,186,208,234,260,287,313,322],"management,":[65],"using":[66,153],"unified":[68],"evidence":[69],"cutoff":[70],"June":[72],"2024.":[73],"The":[74,122],"included":[76],"three":[77],"general-purpose":[78],"LLMs":[79,101,270,316],"(OpenAI":[80],"o1-preview,":[81],"Claude":[82,196,226,252],"3.5":[83,197,227,253],"Sonnet,":[84],"Gemini":[85,202,230,256],"1.5":[86,203,231,257],"Pro),":[87],"one":[88,95],"retrieval-augmented":[89],"generation":[90],"(RAG)":[91],"system":[92,98,113,125],"(Myelo),":[93],"agentic":[96,123],"workflow-based":[97],"(HopeAI).":[99],"General-purpose":[100],"generated":[102],"responses":[103,152],"based":[104],"solely":[105],"on":[106],"internal":[108],"knowledge,":[109],"while":[110,268],"RAG":[112,128],"enhanced":[114],"these":[115],"capabilities":[116,312],"by":[117,130],"incorporating":[118],"external":[119,140],"knowledge":[120],"retrieval.":[121],"workflow":[124],"extended":[126],"approach":[129],"implementing":[131],"multi-step":[132],"reasoning":[133],"coordinating":[135],"with":[136],"tools":[138],"systems":[141],"complex":[143],"task":[144],"execution.":[145],"Three":[146],"independent":[147],"hematologist-oncologists":[148],"evaluated":[149],"LLM-generated":[151],"standardized":[154],"scoring":[155],"criteria":[156],"developed":[157],"specifically":[158],"study.":[161],"Performance":[162],"assessment":[163],"encompassed":[164],"dimensions:":[166],"accuracy,":[167],"relevance,":[168],"comprehensiveness,":[169],"hallucination":[170],"rate,":[171],"use":[174,238,298],"readiness.":[175],"Results:":[176],"HopeAI":[177,221,247],"demonstrated":[178],"superior":[179],"performance":[180],"accuracy":[182],"(82.0%),":[183],"relevance":[184],"(85.3%),":[185],"comprehensiveness":[187],"(74.0%),":[188],"compared":[189],"OpenAI":[191,223,249],"o1-preview":[192,224,250],"(64.7,":[193],"57.3,":[194],"36.0%),":[195],"Sonnet":[198,228,254],"(50.0,":[199],"51.3,":[200],"29.3%),":[201],"Pro":[204,232,258],"(48.0,":[205],"46.0,":[206],"30.0%),":[207],"Myelo":[209,235,261],"(58.7,":[210],"56,":[211],"32.7%).":[212],"Hallucination":[213],"rates":[214],"were":[215,241],"consistently":[216],"low":[217,243],"all":[219,245],"systems:":[220,246],"(5.3%),":[222],"(3.3%),":[225],"(10.0%),":[229],"(8.0%),":[233],"(5.3%).":[236],"Clinical":[237],"readiness":[239,299],"scores":[240],"relatively":[242],"(25.3%),":[248],"(6.0%),":[251],"(2.7%),":[255],"(4.0%),":[259],"(4.0%).":[262],"Conclusion:":[263],"This":[264],"demonstrates":[266],"current":[269],"decision":[275],"support,":[276],"require":[279],"careful":[280],"supervision":[282],"ensure":[284],"patient":[285],"safety":[286],"optimal":[288],"care.":[289],"Further":[290],"research":[291,321],"needed":[293],"improve":[295],"before":[300],"integration":[301],"into":[302,310,328],"oncology":[303],"workflows.":[304,330],"These":[305],"findings":[306],"provide":[307],"valuable":[308],"insights":[309],"limitations":[314],"oncology,":[318],"guiding":[319],"future":[320],"development":[323],"efforts":[324],"toward":[325],"integrating":[326],"AI":[327]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-12-09T00:00:00"}
