{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416168015","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2025.1678043","title":"Detection of cloned voices in realistic forensic voice comparison scenarios","display_name":"Detection of cloned voices in realistic forensic voice comparison scenarios","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416168015","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2025.1678043","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41322474"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/frai.2025.1678043","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2025.1678043","pdf_url":"https://public-pages-files-2025.frontiersin.org/journals/artificial-intelligence/articles/10.3389/frai.2025.1678043/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210197006","display_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2624-8212","issn":["2624-8212"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://public-pages-files-2025.frontiersin.org/journals/artificial-intelligence/articles/10.3389/frai.2025.1678043/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011921372","display_name":"Pedro Univaso","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I883665419","display_name":"Blackburn College","ror":"https://ror.org/02a1et264","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I883665419"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Pedro Univaso","raw_affiliation_strings":["BlackVOX, Buenos Aires, Argentina"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BlackVOX, Buenos Aires, Argentina","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I883665419"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046679494","display_name":"Eugenia San Segundo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0127-552X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134243","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/03bjn0010","country_code":"LK","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134243"]}],"countries":["LK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eugenia San Segundo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Phonetics Laboratory, Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Phonetics Laboratory, Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134243"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5011921372"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I883665419"],"apc_list":{"value":1150,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1150},"apc_paid":{"value":1150,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1150},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.16787489,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"1678043","last_page":"1678043"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.6736000180244446,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.6736000180244446,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10863","display_name":"Voice and Speech Disorders","score":0.09000000357627869,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.07680000364780426,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mel-frequency-cepstrum","display_name":"Mel-frequency cepstrum","score":0.6700000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.5576000213623047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloning","display_name":"Cloning (programming)","score":0.5},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","score":0.46160000562667847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cepstrum","display_name":"Cepstrum","score":0.4480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/background-noise","display_name":"Background noise","score":0.37389999628067017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.37279999256134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detection-theory","display_name":"Detection theory","score":0.37070000171661377}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151989614","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q440370","display_name":"Mel-frequency cepstrum","level":3,"score":0.6700000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6294000148773193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.6039999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.5576000213623047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121050878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5135020","display_name":"Cloning (programming)","level":2,"score":0.5},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.46160000562667847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88485024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1054571","display_name":"Cepstrum","level":2,"score":0.4480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3977999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100675267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1371624","display_name":"Background noise","level":2,"score":0.37389999628067017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.37279999256134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137270730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120811","display_name":"Detection theory","level":3,"score":0.37070000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3343999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140505726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q495304","display_name":"Forensic science","level":2,"score":0.3319999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133892786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1145189","display_name":"Speaker recognition","level":2,"score":0.33070001006126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128422554","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20077126","display_name":"Sound recording and reproduction","level":2,"score":0.30320000648498535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.28859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204201278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1332614","display_name":"Voice activity detection","level":3,"score":0.28780001401901245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167063184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1400839","display_name":"Vulnerability assessment","level":3,"score":0.28049999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.27079999446868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.2685000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.2628999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775941552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25212305","display_name":"Isolation (microbiology)","level":2,"score":0.2502000033855438}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/frai.2025.1678043","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2025.1678043","pdf_url":"https://public-pages-files-2025.frontiersin.org/journals/artificial-intelligence/articles/10.3389/frai.2025.1678043/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210197006","display_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2624-8212","issn":["2624-8212"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41322474","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41322474","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in artificial intelligence","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1e69d242cb4044f3aa2ee7b31986acf6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1e69d242cb4044f3aa2ee7b31986acf6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence, Vol 8 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/frai.2025.1678043","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2025.1678043","pdf_url":"https://public-pages-files-2025.frontiersin.org/journals/artificial-intelligence/articles/10.3389/frai.2025.1678043/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210197006","display_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2624-8212","issn":["2624-8212"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3480869486","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"13039","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6033112984","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MICIU/AEI/10","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7084143925","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AEI/10","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","display_name":"European Regional Development Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416168015.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416168015.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2133990480","https://openalex.org/W3140934869","https://openalex.org/W3187722398","https://openalex.org/W3207579445","https://openalex.org/W4225649083","https://openalex.org/W4386185355","https://openalex.org/W4404396197","https://openalex.org/W4410009032","https://openalex.org/W4415160440","https://openalex.org/W6910591793"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Deepfakes":[0],"and":[1,71,90,100],"synthetic":[2],"audio":[3],"significantly":[4],"degrade":[5],"the":[6,20,56,59,84,94],"performance":[7,57],"of":[8,22,58],"automatic":[9],"speaker":[10],"recognition":[11],"systems":[12,103],"commonly":[13],"used":[14],"in":[15,77],"forensic":[16,79,105],"laboratories.":[17],"We":[18],"investigate":[19],"effectiveness":[21],"Mel-Frequency":[23],"Cepstral":[24],"Coefficients":[25],"(MFCCs)":[26],"for":[27,97,104],"detecting":[28],"cloned":[29],"voices,":[30],"ultimately":[31],"concluding":[32],"that":[33],"MFCC-based":[34],"methods":[35],"are":[36,75],"insufficient":[37],"as":[38],"a":[39],"universal":[40],"anti-spoofing":[41,102],"tool":[42],"due":[43],"to":[44,47,68],"their":[45],"inability":[46],"generalize":[48],"across":[49],"different":[50],"cloning":[51,89],"algorithms.":[52],"Furthermore,":[53],"we":[54],"evaluate":[55],"HIVE":[60],"AI-deepfake":[61],"Content":[62],"Detection":[63],"tool,":[64],"noting":[65],"its":[66],"vulnerability":[67],"babble":[69],"noise":[70],"signal":[72],"saturation,":[73],"which":[74],"common":[76],"real-world":[78],"recordings.":[80],"This":[81],"investigation":[82],"emphasizes":[83],"ongoing":[85],"competition":[86],"between":[87],"voice":[88],"detection":[91],"technologies,":[92],"underscoring":[93],"urgent":[95],"need":[96],"more":[98],"robust":[99],"generalized":[101],"applications.":[106]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-11-13T00:00:00"}