{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7118162864","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2025.1665874","title":"A Turing Test for artificial nets devoted to vision","display_name":"A Turing Test for artificial nets devoted to vision","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7118162864","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2025.1665874","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41561189"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/frai.2025.1665874","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2025.1665874","pdf_url":"https://public-pages-files-2025.frontiersin.org/journals/artificial-intelligence/articles/10.3389/frai.2025.1665874/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210197006","display_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2624-8212","issn":["2624-8212"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://public-pages-files-2025.frontiersin.org/journals/artificial-intelligence/articles/10.3389/frai.2025.1665874/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032878706","display_name":"Jorge Vila-Tom\u00e1s","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8246-0195"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16097986","display_name":"Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia","ror":"https://ror.org/043nxc105","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16097986"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jorge Vila-Tom\u00e1s","raw_affiliation_strings":["Image Processing Lab, Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia, Valencia, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Image Processing Lab, Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia, Valencia, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16097986"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053683164","display_name":"Pablo Hern\u00e1ndez-C\u00e1mara","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2957-844X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16097986","display_name":"Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia","ror":"https://ror.org/043nxc105","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16097986"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pablo Hern\u00e1ndez-C\u00e1mara","raw_affiliation_strings":["Image Processing Lab, Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia, Valencia, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Image Processing Lab, Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia, Valencia, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16097986"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121964986","display_name":"Qiang Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133909","display_name":"Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science","ror":"https://ror.org/02qx6zf82","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444","https://openalex.org/I150468666","https://openalex.org/I181565077","https://openalex.org/I4210133909"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["TReNDS, Georgia State, Georgia Tech, and Emory, Atlanta, GA, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TReNDS, Georgia State, Georgia Tech, and Emory, Atlanta, GA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133909"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065281659","display_name":"Valero Laparra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7531-9890"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16097986","display_name":"Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia","ror":"https://ror.org/043nxc105","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16097986"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Valero Laparra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Image Processing Lab, Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia, Valencia, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Image Processing Lab, Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia, Valencia, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16097986"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121975807","display_name":"Jes\u00fas Malo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16097986","display_name":"Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia","ror":"https://ror.org/043nxc105","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16097986"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jes\u00fas Malo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Image Processing Lab, Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia, Valencia, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Image Processing Lab, Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia, Valencia, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16097986"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5121975807"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16097986"],"apc_list":{"value":1150,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1150},"apc_paid":{"value":1150,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1150},"fwci":13.2632,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95468479,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"1665874","last_page":"1665874"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11094","display_name":"Face Recognition and Perception","score":0.6571999788284302,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11094","display_name":"Face Recognition and Perception","score":0.6571999788284302,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10427","display_name":"Visual perception and processing mechanisms","score":0.06199999898672104,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.04659999907016754,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turing-test","display_name":"Turing test","score":0.6280999779701233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bottleneck","display_name":"Bottleneck","score":0.487199991941452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychophysics","display_name":"Psychophysics","score":0.4810999929904938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.430400013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-model","display_name":"Computational model","score":0.4056999981403351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.4049000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.40459999442100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoder","display_name":"Encoder","score":0.38999998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parametric-statistics","display_name":"Parametric statistics","score":0.38609999418258667}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.73089998960495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C577917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189223","display_name":"Turing test","level":2,"score":0.6280999779701233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780513914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18210350","display_name":"Bottleneck","level":2,"score":0.487199991941452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15123163","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q500096","display_name":"Psychophysics","level":3,"score":0.4810999929904938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.475600004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.430400013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66024118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1122506","display_name":"Computational model","level":2,"score":0.4056999981403351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.4049000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.40459999442100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118505674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42586063","display_name":"Encoder","level":2,"score":0.38999998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117251300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1849855","display_name":"Parametric statistics","level":2,"score":0.38609999418258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.37599998712539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.34220001101493835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9870796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q490481","display_name":"Turing","level":2,"score":0.33899998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24574437","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7135228","display_name":"Parametric model","level":3,"score":0.3327000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.3181000053882599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131671149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2703890","display_name":"Universal Turing machine","level":4,"score":0.3050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984842247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep neural networks","level":3,"score":0.3005000054836273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160086991","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5939193","display_name":"Human visual system model","level":3,"score":0.29490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.28119999170303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178253425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162668","display_name":"Visual perception","level":3,"score":0.28060001134872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5339829","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1425977","display_name":"Machine vision","level":2,"score":0.274399995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.273499995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.27090001106262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.26600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.2590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29248071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q163310","display_name":"Turing machine","level":3,"score":0.2535000145435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.2500999867916107}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/frai.2025.1665874","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2025.1665874","pdf_url":"https://public-pages-files-2025.frontiersin.org/journals/artificial-intelligence/articles/10.3389/frai.2025.1665874/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210197006","display_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2624-8212","issn":["2624-8212"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41561189","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41561189","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in artificial intelligence","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e0de148cd4094a7ba860b9fb9fcb7fad","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e0de148cd4094a7ba860b9fb9fcb7fad","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence, Vol 8 (2026)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12812997","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12812997/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Front Artif Intell","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/frai.2025.1665874","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2025.1665874","pdf_url":"https://public-pages-files-2025.frontiersin.org/journals/artificial-intelligence/articles/10.3389/frai.2025.1665874/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210197006","display_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2624-8212","issn":["2624-8212"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1246492241","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID2020-118071GB-I00","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G464105488","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID2023","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5745113512","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FPU21/02256","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321864","funder_display_name":"Generalitat Valenciana"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6513196269","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID2020-118071GB-I00","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321864","funder_display_name":"Generalitat Valenciana"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7429882624","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FPU21","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321864","funder_display_name":"Generalitat Valenciana"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7456542880","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"GV/2021/074","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321864","funder_display_name":"Generalitat Valenciana"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G935820998","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CIPROM/2021/056","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321864","funder_display_name":"Generalitat Valenciana"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309764","display_name":"Fundaci\u00f3n BBVA","ror":"https://ror.org/01jzs3b90"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320360","display_name":"University of Bristol","ror":"https://ror.org/0524sp257"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321864","display_name":"Generalitat Valenciana","ror":"https://ror.org/0097mvx21"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","ror":"https://ror.org/034900433"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323113","display_name":"Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria","ror":"https://ror.org/0537dnd74"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","display_name":"European Regional Development Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7118162864.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7118162864.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":117,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W104847522","https://openalex.org/W109907426","https://openalex.org/W1508165977","https://openalex.org/W1528822345","https://openalex.org/W1535715006","https://openalex.org/W1576968360","https://openalex.org/W1954638517","https://openalex.org/W1970926690","https://openalex.org/W1972044830","https://openalex.org/W1972348417","https://openalex.org/W1978430000","https://openalex.org/W1981380042","https://openalex.org/W1987125655","https://openalex.org/W1988013646","https://openalex.org/W1988175106","https://openalex.org/W1990873664","https://openalex.org/W1991221331","https://openalex.org/W1995595696","https://openalex.org/W1996361686","https://openalex.org/W1999908130","https://openalex.org/W2000674655","https://openalex.org/W2001771035","https://openalex.org/W2001896471","https://openalex.org/W2003766373","https://openalex.org/W2009777269","https://openalex.org/W2016585964","https://openalex.org/W2018162634","https://openalex.org/W2028211488","https://openalex.org/W2028382814","https://openalex.org/W2029732643","https://openalex.org/W2034260846","https://openalex.org/W2035246625","https://openalex.org/W2035623690","https://openalex.org/W2038718814","https://openalex.org/W2040903332","https://openalex.org/W2046119925","https://openalex.org/W2053895730","https://openalex.org/W2055490062","https://openalex.org/W2056865569","https://openalex.org/W2064703793","https://openalex.org/W2074213997","https://openalex.org/W2081881941","https://openalex.org/W2082627290","https://openalex.org/W2088975380","https://openalex.org/W2093304448","https://openalex.org/W2099995386","https://openalex.org/W2103212315","https://openalex.org/W2121914520","https://openalex.org/W2123566137","https://openalex.org/W2126045853","https://openalex.org/W2130137746","https://openalex.org/W2133665775","https://openalex.org/W2136325353","https://openalex.org/W2136525498","https://openalex.org/W2137234026","https://openalex.org/W2139721641","https://openalex.org/W2139979304","https://openalex.org/W2142884912","https://openalex.org/W2143612128","https://openalex.org/W2144730066","https://openalex.org/W2145889472","https://openalex.org/W2150477292","https://openalex.org/W2163883637","https://openalex.org/W2166278041","https://openalex.org/W2167553001","https://openalex.org/W2190008860","https://openalex.org/W2475287302","https://openalex.org/W2502575609","https://openalex.org/W2581944749","https://openalex.org/W2618530766","https://openalex.org/W2704207604","https://openalex.org/W2765407761","https://openalex.org/W2766132499","https://openalex.org/W2892147425","https://openalex.org/W2914756671","https://openalex.org/W2949449018","https://openalex.org/W2949846184","https://openalex.org/W2951506741","https://openalex.org/W2962676454","https://openalex.org/W2972831213","https://openalex.org/W2982076115","https://openalex.org/W3012261518","https://openalex.org/W3017136408","https://openalex.org/W3083092310","https://openalex.org/W3091033348","https://openalex.org/W3103805372","https://openalex.org/W3119948327","https://openalex.org/W3129717984","https://openalex.org/W3134644686","https://openalex.org/W3166686239","https://openalex.org/W3179888904","https://openalex.org/W3196677619","https://openalex.org/W3203356073","https://openalex.org/W4238891650","https://openalex.org/W4247181578","https://openalex.org/W4247436488","https://openalex.org/W4304127699","https://openalex.org/W4366978032","https://openalex.org/W4383371230","https://openalex.org/W4385708721","https://openalex.org/W4389397347","https://openalex.org/W4389904206","https://openalex.org/W4391883383","https://openalex.org/W4394673038","https://openalex.org/W4394873791","https://openalex.org/W4394874289","https://openalex.org/W4401587065","https://openalex.org/W4403620000","https://openalex.org/W4403700427","https://openalex.org/W4404239123","https://openalex.org/W4405090041","https://openalex.org/W4406309225","https://openalex.org/W4406855715","https://openalex.org/W4411533061","https://openalex.org/W4413146747","https://openalex.org/W4413158001","https://openalex.org/W4415288824"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,61],"this":[1,50],"work":[2],"1":[3],"we":[4,36,67,125,172],"argue":[5],"that,":[6],"despite":[7],"recent":[8,178],"claims":[9],"about":[10],"successful":[11],"modeling":[12],"of":[13,55,98,116,140,168,176,193],"the":[14,20,47,56,80,99,131,137,141,169,174,190,222,241,245,265,274,279],"visual":[15,100,270],"brain":[16,57],"using":[17],"deep":[18,96,182],"nets,":[19],"problem":[21],"is":[22,278],"far":[23],"from":[24,38,119],"being":[25],"solved,":[26],"particularly":[27],"for":[28,91,95,159,250],"low-level":[29,117,128],"vision.":[30],"Open":[31],"issues":[32],"include":[33],"where":[34],"should":[35,45,66,75],"read":[37],"in":[39,122,149],"ANNs":[40,107],"to":[41,63,105,109,220,284],"check":[42,173],"behavior?":[43],"What":[44],"be":[46],"read-out?":[48],"Is":[49],"ad-hoc":[51],"read-out":[52],"considered":[53],"part":[54],"model":[58,163,187,215,239,277],"or":[59,71],"not?":[60],"order":[62],"understand":[64,106],"vision-ANNs,":[65],"use":[68,115,158],"artificial":[69,72,76],"psychophysics":[70],"physiology?":[73],"Anyhow,":[74],"tests":[77,94],"literally":[78],"match":[79],"experiments":[81],"done":[82],"with":[83,180,224,240,281],"humans?":[84],"These":[85],"questions":[86],"suggest":[87],"a":[88,127],"clear":[89],"need":[90],"biologically":[92],"sensible":[93],"models":[97,179],"brain,":[101],"and":[102,144,161,236],"more":[103],"generally,":[104],"devoted":[108],"generic":[110],"vision":[111],"tasks.":[112],"Following":[113],"our":[114],"facts":[118],"Vision":[120],"Science":[121],"Image":[123],"Processing,":[124],"present":[126],"dataset":[129],"compiling":[130],"basic":[132],"spatio-chromatic":[133],"properties":[134,271],"that":[135,273],"describe":[136],"adaptive":[138],"bottleneck":[139],"retina-V1":[142],"pathway":[143],"are":[145],"not":[146],"currently":[147],"available":[148],"popular":[150],"databases":[151],"such":[152],"as":[153,244],"BrainScore.":[154],"We":[155],"propose":[156],"its":[157],"qualitative":[160],"quantitative":[162],"evaluation.":[164],"As":[165],"an":[166],"illustration":[167],"proposed":[170,266],"methods,":[171],"behavior":[175,282],"three":[177],"similar":[181],"architectures:":[183],"(1)":[184],"A":[185,213,238],"parametric":[186],"tuned":[188,219,249],"via":[189],"psychophysical":[191],"method":[192],"Maximum":[194],"Differentiation":[195],"[Malo":[196],"&":[197],"Simoncelli":[198],"SPIE":[199],"15,":[200],"Martinez":[201,206],"et":[202,207,231,254,259],"al.":[203,208,232,255,260],"PLOS":[204],"18,":[205],"Front.":[209],"Neurosci.":[210],"19],":[211],"(2)":[212],"non-parametric":[214],"(the":[216],"PerceptNet":[217,246],")":[218],"maximize":[221],"correlation":[223],"humans":[225],"on":[226,264],"subjective":[227],"image":[228,251],"distortions":[229],"[Hepburn":[230],"IEEE":[233],"ICIP":[234],"20],":[235],"(3)":[237],"same":[242],"encoder":[243],",":[247],"but":[248],"segmentation":[252],"[Hernandez-Camara":[253],"Patt.Recogn.Lett.":[256],"23,":[257],"Hernandez-Camara":[258],"Neurocomp.":[261],"25].":[262],"Results":[263],"10":[267],"compelling":[268],"psycho/physio":[269],"show":[272],"first":[275],"(parametric)":[276],"one":[280],"closest":[283],"humans.":[285]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-15T08:34:33.830935","created_date":"2026-01-05T00:00:00"}