{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414072861","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2025.1623393","title":"Enhancing prediction of primary site recurrence in head and neck cancer using radiomics and uncertainty estimation","display_name":"Enhancing prediction of primary site recurrence in head and neck cancer using radiomics and uncertainty estimation","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414072861","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2025.1623393","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40988916"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/frai.2025.1623393","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2025.1623393","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/artificial-intelligence/articles/10.3389/frai.2025.1623393/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210197006","display_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2624-8212","issn":["2624-8212"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/artificial-intelligence/articles/10.3389/frai.2025.1623393/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062174467","display_name":"Yu\u2010Chi Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7742-2971"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I867280407","display_name":"The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05byvp690","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I867280407"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096815","display_name":"Southwestern Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00t9vx427","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096815"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical Artificial Intelligence and Automation Lab, Department of Radiation Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Artificial Intelligence and Automation Lab, Department of Radiation Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I867280407","https://openalex.org/I4210096815"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022678719","display_name":"Kimberly Taing","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I867280407","display_name":"The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05byvp690","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I867280407"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096815","display_name":"Southwestern Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00t9vx427","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096815"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kimberly Taing","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical Artificial Intelligence and Automation Lab, Department of Radiation Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Artificial Intelligence and Automation Lab, Department of Radiation Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I867280407","https://openalex.org/I4210096815"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100378601","display_name":"Jing Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8491-4146"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I867280407","display_name":"The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05byvp690","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I867280407"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096815","display_name":"Southwestern Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00t9vx427","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096815"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical Artificial Intelligence and Automation Lab, Department of Radiation Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Artificial Intelligence and Automation Lab, Department of Radiation Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I867280407","https://openalex.org/I4210096815"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011724315","display_name":"David J. Sher","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3943-7480"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I867280407","display_name":"The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05byvp690","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I867280407"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096815","display_name":"Southwestern Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00t9vx427","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096815"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Sher","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical Artificial Intelligence and Automation Lab, Department of Radiation Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Artificial Intelligence and Automation Lab, Department of Radiation Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I867280407","https://openalex.org/I4210096815"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002886946","display_name":"Michael Dohopolski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9043-1490"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096815","display_name":"Southwestern Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00t9vx427","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096815"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I867280407","display_name":"The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05byvp690","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I867280407"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Michael Dohopolski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical Artificial Intelligence and Automation Lab, Department of Radiation Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Artificial Intelligence and Automation Lab, Department of Radiation Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I867280407","https://openalex.org/I4210096815"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002886946"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096815","https://openalex.org/I867280407"],"apc_list":{"value":1150,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1150},"apc_paid":{"value":1150,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1150},"fwci":1.2017,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82218373,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"1623393","last_page":"1623393"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":0.989799976348877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":0.989799976348877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10307","display_name":"Head and Neck Cancer Studies","score":0.004000000189989805,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2733","display_name":"Otorhinolaryngology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10358","display_name":"Advanced Radiotherapy Techniques","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3108","display_name":"Radiation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiomics","display_name":"Radiomics","score":0.9164000153541565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/head-and-neck-cancer","display_name":"Head and neck cancer","score":0.6406999826431274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/head-and-neck","display_name":"Head and neck","score":0.4133000075817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiation-therapy","display_name":"Radiation therapy","score":0.3483000099658966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation","display_name":"Estimation","score":0.3375000059604645}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778559731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23808793","display_name":"Radiomics","level":2,"score":0.9164000153541565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6837000250816345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776530083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1783924","display_name":"Head and neck cancer","level":3,"score":0.6406999826431274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018411727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3867488","display_name":"Head and neck","level":2,"score":0.4133000075817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.392300009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.37229999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509974204","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180507","display_name":"Radiation therapy","level":2,"score":0.3483000099658966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96250715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q965330","display_name":"Estimation","level":2,"score":0.3375000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19527891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120908","display_name":"Medical physics","level":1,"score":0.3027999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2847999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544519230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q32566","display_name":"Computed tomography","level":2,"score":0.27959999442100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.2759999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.26089999079704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.2567000091075897}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/frai.2025.1623393","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2025.1623393","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/artificial-intelligence/articles/10.3389/frai.2025.1623393/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210197006","display_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2624-8212","issn":["2624-8212"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40988916","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40988916","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in artificial intelligence","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7b6e743409f04592b8d87709fd83830f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7b6e743409f04592b8d87709fd83830f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence, Vol 8 (2025)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:11260418","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12450971","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12450971","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12450971/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Front Artif Intell","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/frai.2025.1623393","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2025.1623393","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/artificial-intelligence/articles/10.3389/frai.2025.1623393/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210197006","display_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2624-8212","issn":["2624-8212"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308932","display_name":"Radiological Society of North America","ror":"https://ror.org/00rj4x019"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4414072861.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4414072861.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1841926565","https://openalex.org/W1999338223","https://openalex.org/W2069901929","https://openalex.org/W2072024446","https://openalex.org/W2210744057","https://openalex.org/W2277018216","https://openalex.org/W2313665888","https://openalex.org/W2618256071","https://openalex.org/W2739688572","https://openalex.org/W2767128594","https://openalex.org/W2886542550","https://openalex.org/W3041823703","https://openalex.org/W3041891326","https://openalex.org/W3048802680","https://openalex.org/W3094502228","https://openalex.org/W3139466633","https://openalex.org/W3160035535","https://openalex.org/W3168818922","https://openalex.org/W3180153055","https://openalex.org/W3188404242","https://openalex.org/W4210814435","https://openalex.org/W4296297491","https://openalex.org/W4296362382","https://openalex.org/W4298001224","https://openalex.org/W4306164245","https://openalex.org/W4311551645","https://openalex.org/W4311824220","https://openalex.org/W4319300975","https://openalex.org/W4320494265","https://openalex.org/W4376121597","https://openalex.org/W4386141995","https://openalex.org/W4387929840","https://openalex.org/W4388845960","https://openalex.org/W4389194239","https://openalex.org/W4398140833","https://openalex.org/W4399474692","https://openalex.org/W4401052728","https://openalex.org/W4414581703"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3000891326","https://openalex.org/W4205100762","https://openalex.org/W2559998622","https://openalex.org/W2605851261","https://openalex.org/W2734724112","https://openalex.org/W2582997534","https://openalex.org/W3128271591","https://openalex.org/W2147863910","https://openalex.org/W1980398461","https://openalex.org/W1991628107"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Introduction:":[0],"Head":[1],"and":[2,22,34,52,55,71,86,93,146,156],"neck":[3],"squamous":[4],"cell":[5],"carcinomas":[6],"(HNSCC)":[7],"present":[8],"a":[9,57,76],"significant":[10],"clinical":[11,53,147],"challenge":[12],"due":[13],"to":[14,63,89],"high":[15],"recurrence":[16,27,68,143],"rates":[17],"despite":[18],"advances":[19],"in":[20,140],"radiation":[21],"chemotherapy.":[23],"Early":[24],"detection":[25],"of":[26,78,106,123],"is":[28],"critical":[29],"for":[30],"optimizing":[31],"treatment":[32],"outcomes":[33],"improving":[35,126],"patient":[36],"survival.":[37],"Methods:":[38],"We":[39,81],"developed":[40],"two":[41],"artificial":[42],"intelligence":[43],"(AI)":[44],"pipelines-(1)":[45],"machine":[46,99,134],"learning":[47,100,135],"models":[48,101,136],"trained":[49],"on":[50],"radiomic":[51,145],"data":[54],"(2)":[56],"Vision":[58],"Transformer-based":[59],"model":[60,95,111],"directly":[61],"applied":[62],"imaging":[64],"data-to":[65],"predict":[66],"HNSCC":[67,142],"using":[69],"pre-":[70],"post-treatment":[72],"PET/CT":[73],"scans":[74],"from":[75,144],"cohort":[77],"249":[79],"patients.":[80],"incorporated":[82],"Test-Time":[83],"Augmentation":[84],"(TTA)":[85],"Conformal":[87],"Prediction":[88],"quantify":[90],"prediction":[91],"uncertainty":[92,150],"enhance":[94],"reliability.":[96,157],"Results:":[97],"The":[98,108],"achieved":[102,137],"an":[103],"average":[104],"AUC":[105],"0.820.":[107],"vision":[109],"transformer":[110],"showed":[112],"moderate":[113],"performance":[114,139,155],"(AUC":[115],"=":[116],"0.658).":[117],"Uncertainty":[118],"quantification":[119,151],"enabled":[120],"the":[121],"exclusion":[122],"ambiguous":[124],"predictions,":[125],"accuracy":[127],"among":[128],"more":[129],"confident":[130],"cases.":[131],"Discussion:":[132],"Our":[133],"strong":[138],"predicting":[141],"features.":[148],"Incorporating":[149],"further":[152],"improved":[153],"predictive":[154]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}