{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411917810","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2025.1619463","title":"Ethical-legal implications of AI-powered healthcare in critical perspective","display_name":"Ethical-legal implications of AI-powered healthcare in critical perspective","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411917810","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2025.1619463","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40673212"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/frai.2025.1619463","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2025.1619463","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/artificial-intelligence/articles/10.3389/frai.2025.1619463/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210197006","display_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2624-8212","issn":["2624-8212"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/artificial-intelligence/articles/10.3389/frai.2025.1619463/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082853569","display_name":"Mohammad Nasir","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I171210897","display_name":"Aligarh Muslim University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kw9gc02","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I171210897"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Nasir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Law, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Law, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I171210897"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Kaif Siddiqui","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802231754","display_name":"Nalsar University of Law","ror":"https://ror.org/0539zen48","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802231754"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaif Siddiqui","raw_affiliation_strings":["NALSAR University of Law, Hyderabad, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NALSAR University of Law, Hyderabad, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802231754"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113650855","display_name":"Samreen Ahmed","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I171210897","display_name":"Aligarh Muslim University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kw9gc02","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I171210897"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Samreen Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Law, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Law, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I171210897"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5113650855"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I171210897"],"apc_list":{"value":1150,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1150},"apc_paid":{"value":1150,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1150},"fwci":8.2076,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97665949,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"1619463","last_page":"1619463"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10582","display_name":"Ethics in Clinical Research","score":0.9908999800682068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9886000156402588,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care","display_name":"Health care","score":0.6454049944877625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autonomy","display_name":"Autonomy","score":0.6334813237190247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-ethics","display_name":"Engineering ethics","score":0.5139796137809753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accountability","display_name":"Accountability","score":0.4606397747993469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.3912564814090729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-relations","display_name":"Public relations","score":0.3702331781387329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.35112613439559937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.3318272829055786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.21289286017417908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.20905780792236328}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.6454049944877625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65414064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484105","display_name":"Autonomy","level":2,"score":0.6334813237190247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.5139796137809753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776007630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2798912","display_name":"Accountability","level":2,"score":0.4606397747993469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3912564814090729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.3702331781387329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.35112613439559937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3318272829055786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.21289286017417908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.20905780792236328}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/frai.2025.1619463","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2025.1619463","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/artificial-intelligence/articles/10.3389/frai.2025.1619463/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210197006","display_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2624-8212","issn":["2624-8212"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40673212","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40673212","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in artificial intelligence","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:63d7e95096d74590a6a2e5b44bc48889","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/63d7e95096d74590a6a2e5b44bc48889","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence, Vol 8 (2025)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12263600","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12263600","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Front Artif Intell","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/frai.2025.1619463","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2025.1619463","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/artificial-intelligence/articles/10.3389/frai.2025.1619463/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210197006","display_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2624-8212","issn":["2624-8212"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.7699999809265137}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4411917810.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4411917810.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2790209545","https://openalex.org/W2888109941","https://openalex.org/W2897702578","https://openalex.org/W2970747439","https://openalex.org/W2986719108","https://openalex.org/W2990290777","https://openalex.org/W3011403448","https://openalex.org/W3084074804","https://openalex.org/W3105929810","https://openalex.org/W3112702808","https://openalex.org/W3120863491","https://openalex.org/W3121892092","https://openalex.org/W3198600388","https://openalex.org/W4200418351","https://openalex.org/W4220701991","https://openalex.org/W4224236362","https://openalex.org/W4294837428","https://openalex.org/W4317254367","https://openalex.org/W4321021491","https://openalex.org/W4323318816","https://openalex.org/W4366587927","https://openalex.org/W4379470483","https://openalex.org/W4380358393","https://openalex.org/W4384071683","https://openalex.org/W4386122321","https://openalex.org/W4387967380","https://openalex.org/W4389953414","https://openalex.org/W4390912645","https://openalex.org/W4391849646","https://openalex.org/W4396534990","https://openalex.org/W4399542570","https://openalex.org/W4402272654","https://openalex.org/W4402497538","https://openalex.org/W4402925144","https://openalex.org/W4403497045","https://openalex.org/W4404414807","https://openalex.org/W4405439405","https://openalex.org/W4410369132","https://openalex.org/W4411729070","https://openalex.org/W6842759258","https://openalex.org/W6850109201"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2494121465","https://openalex.org/W1854749775","https://openalex.org/W4312971597","https://openalex.org/W2129556718","https://openalex.org/W1970818898","https://openalex.org/W2350665531","https://openalex.org/W3042001456","https://openalex.org/W2069987855","https://openalex.org/W2380146918"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,119,150,181],"increasing":[1],"utilization":[2,183],"of":[3,11,24,35,46,75,86,116,122,146,166,171,184,199,206,224,233],"Artificial":[4],"Intelligence":[5],"(AI)":[6],"systems":[7,235],"in":[8,52,80,196,211],"the":[9,47,66,73,77,96,114,130,167,197,203,219,231],"field":[10,198],"healthcare,":[12],"from":[13,38,134],"diagnosis":[14],"to":[15,89,98,113,126,229],"medical":[16],"decision":[17],"making":[18],"and":[19,29,41,59,71,84,90,102,108,140,163,173,213,221],"patient":[20],"care,":[21],"necessitates":[22,194],"identification":[23],"its":[25,135,174],"potential":[26,120],"benefits,":[27],"risks":[28],"challenges.":[30],"This":[31],"requires":[32],"an":[33],"appraisal":[34],"AI":[36,51,93,148,158,172,207,234],"use":[37],"a":[39,154,161],"legal":[40,155],"ethical":[42],"perspective.":[43],"A":[44],"review":[45],"existing":[48],"literature":[49],"on":[50,55,177],"healthcare":[53,117],"available":[54],"PubMed,":[56],"Oxford":[57],"Academic":[58],"Scopus":[60],"revealed":[61],"several":[62],"common":[63],"concerns":[64],"regarding":[65],"relationship":[67],"between":[68],"AI,":[69,225],"ethics,":[70],"healthcare-(i)":[72],"question":[74],"data:":[76],"choices":[78],"inherent":[79],"collection,":[81],"analysis,":[82],"interpretation,":[83],"deployment":[85],"data":[87],"inputted":[88],"outputted":[91],"by":[92],"systems;":[94],"(ii)":[95],"challenges":[97],"traditional":[99],"patient-doctor":[100],"relationships":[101],"long-held":[103],"assumptions":[104],"about":[105],"privacy,":[106],"identity":[107],"autonomy,":[109],"as":[110,112],"well":[111],"functioning":[115],"institutions.":[118],"benefits":[121],"AI's":[123],"application":[124],"need":[125],"be":[127],"balanced":[128],"against":[129,143],"legal-ethical":[131],"issues":[132],"emanating":[133],"use-bias,":[136],"consent,":[137,189],"access,":[138],"privacy":[139],"cost-to":[141],"guard":[142],"detrimental":[144],"effects":[145],"uncritical":[147],"use.":[149],"authors":[151],"suggest":[152],"that":[153,236],"framework":[156],"for":[157],"should":[159,227],"adopt":[160],"critical":[162],"grounded":[164],"perspective-cognizant":[165],"material":[168],"political":[169],"realities":[170],"wider":[175],"impact":[176],"more":[178],"marginalized":[179],"communities.":[180],"largescale":[182],"health":[185],"datasets":[186],"often":[187],"without":[188],"responsibility":[190],"or":[191],"accountability,":[192],"further":[193],"regulation":[195,226],"technology":[200],"design,":[201],"given":[202],"entwined":[204],"nature":[205],"research":[208],"with":[209],"advancements":[210],"wearables":[212],"sensor":[214],"technology.":[215],"Taking":[216],"into":[217],"account":[218],"'superhuman'":[220],"'subhuman'":[222],"traits":[223],"aim":[228],"encourage":[230],"development":[232],"augment":[237],"rather":[238],"than":[239],"outrightly":[240],"replace":[241],"human":[242],"effort.":[243]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-06-27T08:28:00.272161","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}