{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7123578851","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2025.1610856","title":"Medical pattern classification using a novel binary similarity approach based on an associative classifier","display_name":"Medical pattern classification using a novel binary similarity approach based on an associative classifier","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7123578851","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2025.1610856","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41613818"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/frai.2025.1610856","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2025.1610856","pdf_url":"https://public-pages-files-2025.frontiersin.org/journals/artificial-intelligence/articles/10.3389/frai.2025.1610856/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210197006","display_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2624-8212","issn":["2624-8212"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://public-pages-files-2025.frontiersin.org/journals/artificial-intelligence/articles/10.3389/frai.2025.1610856/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114390520","display_name":"Osvaldo D. Velazquez-Gonzalez","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59361560","display_name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional","ror":"https://ror.org/059sp8j34","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59361560"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Osvaldo Velazquez-Gonzalez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Computaci\u00f3n, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Computaci\u00f3n, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59361560"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001911858","display_name":"Antonio Alarc\u00f3n-Paredes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9785-1252"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59361560","display_name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional","ror":"https://ror.org/059sp8j34","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59361560"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antonio Alarc\u00f3n-Paredes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Computaci\u00f3n, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Computaci\u00f3n, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59361560"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Cornelio Ya\u00f1ez-Marquez","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59361560","display_name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional","ror":"https://ror.org/059sp8j34","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59361560"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Cornelio Ya\u00f1ez-Marquez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Computaci\u00f3n, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Computaci\u00f3n, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59361560"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59361560"],"apc_list":{"value":2125,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2125},"apc_paid":{"value":2125,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2125},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.03322544,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"1610856","last_page":"1610856"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11396","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare","score":0.5580999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11396","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare","score":0.5580999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11652","display_name":"Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques","score":0.18389999866485596,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11653","display_name":"Financial Distress and Bankruptcy Prediction","score":0.031599998474121094,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-classification","display_name":"Binary classification","score":0.5703999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.5284000039100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.49970000982284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.43779999017715454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/associative-property","display_name":"Associative property","score":0.43369999527931213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-classifier","display_name":"Linear classifier","score":0.41269999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/one-class-classification","display_name":"One-class classification","score":0.4106999933719635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.40709999203681946}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7102000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6917999982833862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5774000287055969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66905080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17005494","display_name":"Binary classification","level":3,"score":0.5703999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.5284000039100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.49970000982284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.43779999017715454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159423971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177251","display_name":"Associative property","level":2,"score":0.43369999527931213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139532973","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2679259","display_name":"Linear classifier","level":3,"score":0.41269999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34872919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7092302","display_name":"One-class classification","level":3,"score":0.4106999933719635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.40709999203681946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110083411","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1744628","display_name":"Statistical classification","level":2,"score":0.3919999897480011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123860398","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6934605","display_name":"Multiclass classification","level":3,"score":0.36890000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.36550000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3635999858379364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.3513000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779915298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7604400","display_name":"Statistical learning theory","level":3,"score":0.310699999332428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.2842000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94124525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q912550","display_name":"Categorization","level":2,"score":0.26579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776482837","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3553958","display_name":"Multi-label classification","level":2,"score":0.26350000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143271835","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254515","display_name":"Similitude","level":2,"score":0.25440001487731934}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/frai.2025.1610856","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2025.1610856","pdf_url":"https://public-pages-files-2025.frontiersin.org/journals/artificial-intelligence/articles/10.3389/frai.2025.1610856/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210197006","display_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2624-8212","issn":["2624-8212"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41613818","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41613818","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in artificial intelligence","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:88333b6a1df34dc2b82228046f225b2d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/88333b6a1df34dc2b82228046f225b2d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence, Vol 8 (2026)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:11656679","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12847284","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12847284","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12847284/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Front Artif Intell","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/frai.2025.1610856","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2025.1610856","pdf_url":"https://public-pages-files-2025.frontiersin.org/journals/artificial-intelligence/articles/10.3389/frai.2025.1610856/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210197006","display_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2624-8212","issn":["2624-8212"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7123578851.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7123578851.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1507589574","https://openalex.org/W1676820704","https://openalex.org/W1903391701","https://openalex.org/W1980819180","https://openalex.org/W1995341919","https://openalex.org/W1996020380","https://openalex.org/W2040870580","https://openalex.org/W2050547330","https://openalex.org/W2067417168","https://openalex.org/W2075210427","https://openalex.org/W2082622165","https://openalex.org/W2105720880","https://openalex.org/W2119821739","https://openalex.org/W2121044470","https://openalex.org/W2122111042","https://openalex.org/W2128084896","https://openalex.org/W2129217160","https://openalex.org/W2129275750","https://openalex.org/W2133990480","https://openalex.org/W2151554678","https://openalex.org/W2164330572","https://openalex.org/W2165466912","https://openalex.org/W2594185647","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2921345731","https://openalex.org/W2943857514","https://openalex.org/W2946787236","https://openalex.org/W3009964072","https://openalex.org/W3010531793","https://openalex.org/W3021979179","https://openalex.org/W3026906575","https://openalex.org/W3045581287","https://openalex.org/W3120409033","https://openalex.org/W3135028703","https://openalex.org/W3137773357","https://openalex.org/W3157976194","https://openalex.org/W3183637089","https://openalex.org/W3192370123","https://openalex.org/W4205941964","https://openalex.org/W4220862305","https://openalex.org/W4240778903","https://openalex.org/W4241727697","https://openalex.org/W4244687481","https://openalex.org/W4294151805","https://openalex.org/W4300820365","https://openalex.org/W4301430579","https://openalex.org/W4304098281","https://openalex.org/W4312112335","https://openalex.org/W4378907120","https://openalex.org/W4383376752","https://openalex.org/W4393318778","https://openalex.org/W4394756739","https://openalex.org/W4400334922","https://openalex.org/W4403203115"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Classification":[0],"is":[1,46,49,66,97,100,122,135,143,148,171],"a":[2,28,50,67,75,123,146,151,155],"central":[3],"task":[4,33],"in":[5,10,53,62,80,110,182],"machine":[6,22,125],"learning,":[7],"underpinning":[8],"applications":[9],"domains":[11],"such":[12,71],"as":[13,141],"finance,":[14],"medicine,":[15],"engineering,":[16],"information":[17],"technology,":[18],"and":[19,83,105,139,167],"biology.":[20],"However,":[21],"learning":[23,126],"pattern":[24,147],"classification":[25,56,86,127,165],"can":[26,89],"become":[27,90],"complex":[29,113],"or":[30],"even":[31],"inexplicable":[32],"for":[34],"current":[35],"robust":[36],"models":[37],"due":[38],"to":[39,69,107,193],"the":[40,59,81,159,162,168,177,180],"complexity":[41],"of":[42,78,85,119,158,161,179],"objective":[43],"datasets,":[44],"which":[45,88,186],"why":[47,145],"there":[48,65],"strong":[51],"interest":[52],"achieving":[54],"high":[55],"performance.":[57],"On":[58],"other":[60],"hand,":[61],"particular":[63],"cases,":[64],"need":[68],"achieve":[70],"performance":[72,160,196],"while":[73],"maintaining":[74],"certain":[76],"level":[77],"explainability":[79],"operation":[82],"decisions":[84],"algorithms,":[87],"complex.":[91],"For":[92],"this":[93,120,183],"reason,":[94],"an":[95],"algorithm":[96,128],"proposed":[98,169],"that":[99,134],"robust,":[101],"simple,":[102,137],"highly":[103],"explainable,":[104],"applicable":[106],"datasets":[108],"primarily":[109],"medicine":[111],"with":[112],"class":[114],"imbalance.":[115],"The":[116,173],"main":[117],"contribution":[118],"research":[121,184],"novel":[124],"based":[129],"on":[130],"binary":[131],"string":[132],"similarity":[133],"competitive,":[136],"interpretable,":[138],"transparent,":[140],"it":[142],"clear":[144],"classified":[149],"into":[150],"given":[152],"class.":[153],"Therefore,":[154],"comparative":[156],"study":[157],"best-known":[163],"state-of-the-art":[164],"algorithms":[166],"model":[170],"presented.":[172],"experimental":[174],"results":[175],"demonstrate":[176],"benefits":[178],"proposal":[181],"work,":[185],"were":[187],"validated":[188],"through":[189],"statistical":[190],"hypothesis":[191],"tests":[192],"assess":[194],"significant":[195],"differences.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2026-01-14T00:00:00"}
