{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409517029","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2025.1577529","title":"The imperative of diversity and equity for the adoption of responsible AI in healthcare","display_name":"The imperative of diversity and equity for the adoption of responsible AI in healthcare","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-04-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409517029","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2025.1577529","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40309720"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/frai.2025.1577529","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2025.1577529","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/artificial-intelligence/articles/10.3389/frai.2025.1577529/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210197006","display_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2624-8212","issn":["2624-8212"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/artificial-intelligence/articles/10.3389/frai.2025.1577529/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041595055","display_name":"Denise E. Hilling","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5875-6164"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801952686","display_name":"Erasmus MC","ror":"https://ror.org/018906e22","country_code":"NL","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801952686"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149908","display_name":"Erasmus MC Cancer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03r4m3349","country_code":"NL","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801952686","https://openalex.org/I4210149908"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Denise E. Hilling","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands","Erasmus MC Datahub, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210149908"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Erasmus MC Datahub, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801952686"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117182153","display_name":"Imane Ihaddouchen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801952686","display_name":"Erasmus MC","ror":"https://ror.org/018906e22","country_code":"NL","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801952686"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Imane Ihaddouchen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Adult Intensive Care, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands","Erasmus MC Datahub, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Adult Intensive Care, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801952686"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Erasmus MC Datahub, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801952686"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117182154","display_name":"Stefan N. R. Buijsman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefan Buijsman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Technology, Policy and Management, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Technology, Policy and Management, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113201986","display_name":"Reggie Townsend","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145386","display_name":"National Intelligence University","ror":"https://ror.org/049sfwc36","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145386"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092059","display_name":"Worldwide Clinical Trials (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00cj4je85","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092059"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Reggie Townsend","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Artificial Intelligence Advisory Committee, Washington, DC, United States","SAS Worldwide Headquarters, Cary, NC, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Artificial Intelligence Advisory Committee, Washington, DC, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145386"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"SAS Worldwide Headquarters, Cary, NC, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092059"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089595715","display_name":"Diederik Gommers","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6808-7702"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801952686","display_name":"Erasmus MC","ror":"https://ror.org/018906e22","country_code":"NL","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801952686"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Diederik Gommers","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Adult Intensive Care, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands","Erasmus MC Datahub, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Adult Intensive Care, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801952686"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Erasmus MC Datahub, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801952686"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040149856","display_name":"Michel E. van Genderen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5668-3435"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801952686","display_name":"Erasmus MC","ror":"https://ror.org/018906e22","country_code":"NL","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801952686"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Michel E. van Genderen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Adult Intensive Care, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands","Erasmus MC Datahub, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Adult Intensive Care, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801952686"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Erasmus MC Datahub, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801952686"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5040149856"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801952686"],"apc_list":{"value":1150,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1150},"apc_paid":{"value":1150,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1150},"fwci":6.1812,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96166003,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"1577529","last_page":"1577529"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13555","display_name":"Healthcare cost, quality, practices","score":0.980400025844574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10582","display_name":"Ethics in Clinical Research","score":0.9545999765396118,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformative-learning","display_name":"Transformative learning","score":0.7317728996276855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accountability","display_name":"Accountability","score":0.6784775853157043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equity","display_name":"Equity (law)","score":0.6386147737503052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/audit","display_name":"Audit","score":0.5553871989250183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diversity","display_name":"Diversity (politics)","score":0.5382912158966064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corporate-governance","display_name":"Corporate governance","score":0.5356307625770569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-equity","display_name":"Health equity","score":0.5323284864425659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care","display_name":"Health care","score":0.49639493227005005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-sharing","display_name":"Data sharing","score":0.43340620398521423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-relations","display_name":"Public relations","score":0.42330485582351685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.40318700671195984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.3509899377822876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.2986016273498535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.2096167504787445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accounting","display_name":"Accounting","score":0.13797059655189514}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70587473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7834111","display_name":"Transformative learning","level":2,"score":0.7317728996276855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776007630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2798912","display_name":"Accountability","level":2,"score":0.6784775853157043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199728807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2578557","display_name":"Equity (law)","level":2,"score":0.6386147737503052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199521495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181487","display_name":"Audit","level":2,"score":0.5553871989250183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781316041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230584","display_name":"Diversity (politics)","level":2,"score":0.5382912158966064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39389867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380767","display_name":"Corporate governance","level":2,"score":0.5356307625770569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2250968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1512929","display_name":"Health equity","level":3,"score":0.5323284864425659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.49639493227005005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779965156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5227350","display_name":"Data sharing","level":3,"score":0.43340620398521423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.42330485582351685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.40318700671195984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3509899377822876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.2986016273498535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2096167504787445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.13797059655189514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/frai.2025.1577529","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2025.1577529","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/artificial-intelligence/articles/10.3389/frai.2025.1577529/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210197006","display_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2624-8212","issn":["2624-8212"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40309720","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40309720","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in artificial intelligence","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.eur.nl:openaire/01954347-5393-4b1b-baff-35facca2fbe7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.eur.nl/en/publications/01954347-5393-4b1b-baff-35facca2fbe7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401266","display_name":"EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I913958620","host_organization_name":"Erasmus University Rotterdam","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I913958620"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Hilling, D E, Ihaddouchen, I, Buijsman, S, Townsend, R, Gommers, D & van Genderen, M E 2025, 'The imperative of diversity and equity for the adoption of responsible AI in healthcare', Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence, vol. 8, 1577529. https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2025.1577529","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ef07a54f3ea541fb8077f81a691b32bb","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ef07a54f3ea541fb8077f81a691b32bb","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence, Vol 8 (2025)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12040885","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12040885","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Front Artif Intell","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/frai.2025.1577529","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2025.1577529","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/artificial-intelligence/articles/10.3389/frai.2025.1577529/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210197006","display_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2624-8212","issn":["2624-8212"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Gender equality","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","score":0.47999998927116394}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4409517029.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4409517029.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3152856173","https://openalex.org/W4297243326","https://openalex.org/W4389992596","https://openalex.org/W4394920454","https://openalex.org/W4397003497","https://openalex.org/W4402480737","https://openalex.org/W4402732702"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2169196470","https://openalex.org/W3113185420","https://openalex.org/W4237580245","https://openalex.org/W4385368139","https://openalex.org/W4408519084","https://openalex.org/W2906134827","https://openalex.org/W4322745238","https://openalex.org/W2163184657","https://openalex.org/W2018661294","https://openalex.org/W4318965972"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Artificial":[0],"Intelligence":[1],"(AI)":[2],"in":[3,12,19,33,47,53,129],"healthcare":[4,153],"holds":[5],"transformative":[6],"potential":[7],"but":[8],"faces":[9],"critical":[10],"challenges":[11],"ethical":[13,148],"accountability":[14],"and":[15,44,49,56,76,91,107,120,131,134,150],"systemic":[16],"inequities.":[17],"Biases":[18],"AI":[20,74,103,112,125,144],"models,":[21,113],"such":[22,98],"as":[23,99,136,138],"lower":[24],"diagnosis":[25],"rates":[26],"for":[27],"Black":[28],"women":[29],"or":[30],"gender":[31],"stereotyping":[32],"Large":[34],"Language":[35],"Models,":[36],"highlight":[37],"the":[38,68],"urgent":[39],"need":[40],"to":[41],"address":[42],"historical":[43],"structural":[45],"inequalities":[46],"data":[48,86],"development":[50,105],"processes.":[51],"Disparities":[52],"clinical":[54,111],"trials":[55],"datasets,":[57],"often":[58],"skewed":[59],"toward":[60],"high-income,":[61],"English-speaking":[62],"regions,":[63],"amplify":[64],"these":[65,79],"issues.":[66],"Moreover,":[67],"underrepresentation":[69],"of":[70,110],"marginalized":[71],"groups":[72],"among":[73,132],"developers":[75,133],"researchers":[77],"exacerbates":[78],"challenges.":[80],"To":[81],"ensure":[82],"equitable":[83,152],"AI,":[84],"diverse":[85],"collection,":[87],"federated":[88],"data-sharing":[89],"frameworks,":[90],"bias-correction":[92],"techniques":[93],"are":[94],"essential.":[95],"Structural":[96],"initiatives,":[97],"fairness":[100],"audits,":[101],"transparent":[102,140],"model":[104],"processes,":[106],"early":[108],"registration":[109],"alongside":[114],"inclusive":[115],"global":[116],"collaborations":[117],"like":[118],"TRAIN-Europe":[119],"CHAI,":[121],"can":[122],"drive":[123],"responsible":[124],"adoption.":[126],"Prioritizing":[127],"diversity":[128],"datasets":[130],"researchers,":[135],"well":[137],"implementing":[139],"governance":[141],"will":[142],"foster":[143],"systems":[145],"that":[146],"uphold":[147],"principles":[149],"deliver":[151],"outcomes":[154],"globally.":[155]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}