{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408876121","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2025.1558938","title":"Enhancing structured data generation with GPT-4o evaluating prompt efficiency across prompt styles","display_name":"Enhancing structured data generation with GPT-4o evaluating prompt efficiency across prompt styles","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-03-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408876121","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2025.1558938","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40206704"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/frai.2025.1558938","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2025.1558938","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/artificial-intelligence/articles/10.3389/frai.2025.1558938/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210197006","display_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2624-8212","issn":["2624-8212"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/artificial-intelligence/articles/10.3389/frai.2025.1558938/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042751684","display_name":"Ashraf Elnashar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200719446","display_name":"Vanderbilt University","ror":"https://ror.org/02vm5rt34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ashraf Elnashar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023026501","display_name":"Jules White","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6331-2365"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200719446","display_name":"Vanderbilt University","ror":"https://ror.org/02vm5rt34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jules White","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082548649","display_name":"Douglas C. Schmidt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7389-4995"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I267592682","display_name":"Williams (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/007zhvp17","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I267592682"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16285277","display_name":"William & Mary","ror":"https://ror.org/03hsf0573","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16285277"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Douglas C. Schmidt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16285277","https://openalex.org/I267592682"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5042751684"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"],"apc_list":{"value":1150,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1150},"apc_paid":{"value":1150,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1150},"fwci":19.4023,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9906138,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"1558938","last_page":"1558938"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.9818000197410583,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.965399980545044,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7539570331573486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/json","display_name":"JSON","score":0.7239430546760559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-token","display_name":"Security token","score":0.5629814863204956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disk-formatting","display_name":"Disk formatting","score":0.4645305573940277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.2858448028564453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.10058397054672241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.08360549807548523}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7539570331573486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780416260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2063","display_name":"JSON","level":2,"score":0.7239430546760559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48145219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1335365","display_name":"Security token","level":2,"score":0.5629814863204956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88006597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690117","display_name":"Disk formatting","level":2,"score":0.4645305573940277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.2858448028564453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.10058397054672241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.08360549807548523}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/frai.2025.1558938","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2025.1558938","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/artificial-intelligence/articles/10.3389/frai.2025.1558938/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210197006","display_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2624-8212","issn":["2624-8212"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40206704","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40206704","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in artificial intelligence","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:78d4468cf712437fb2c9ae2fcc3e5827","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/78d4468cf712437fb2c9ae2fcc3e5827","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence, Vol 8 (2025)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11979239","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11979239","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Front Artif Intell","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/frai.2025.1558938","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2025.1558938","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/artificial-intelligence/articles/10.3389/frai.2025.1558938/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210197006","display_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2624-8212","issn":["2624-8212"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.5299999713897705}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4408876121.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W31988909","https://openalex.org/W348693189","https://openalex.org/W2963096510","https://openalex.org/W3166460933","https://openalex.org/W3185341429","https://openalex.org/W4287779450","https://openalex.org/W4292779060","https://openalex.org/W4311943656","https://openalex.org/W4378375460","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W4386908092","https://openalex.org/W4389438938","https://openalex.org/W4391836235","https://openalex.org/W6601323805","https://openalex.org/W6611808701","https://openalex.org/W6739901393","https://openalex.org/W6750305986","https://openalex.org/W6777487235","https://openalex.org/W6778883912","https://openalex.org/W6856611373","https://openalex.org/W6871904094"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2753132265","https://openalex.org/W4234766820","https://openalex.org/W4321232174","https://openalex.org/W3117520771","https://openalex.org/W2482048793","https://openalex.org/W4388027365","https://openalex.org/W4387054117"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Large":[0],"language":[1],"models":[2],"(LLMs),":[3],"such":[4,59,125,210],"as":[5,60,126,211,236,238],"GPT-4o,":[6],"provide":[7],"versatile":[8],"techniques":[9],"for":[10,101,157,177,202,233,249],"generating":[11],"and":[12,28,46,64,97,107,136,150,166,168,174,186,215],"formatting":[13],"structured":[14,49,105,195,230],"data.":[15,196],"However,":[16],"prompt":[17,43,73,80,116,147,204,226],"style":[18,148],"plays":[19],"a":[20,162],"critical":[21],"role":[22],"in":[23,87,172],"determining":[24],"the":[25,32,38,184,190],"accuracy,":[26],"efficiency,":[27,167],"token":[29,91,173],"cost":[30,92],"of":[31,40,114,188],"generated":[33],"outputs.":[34],"This":[35,181],"paper":[36,182],"explores":[37,183],"effectiveness":[39],"three":[41,83],"specific":[42,208],"styles-JSON,":[44],"YAML,":[45],"Hybrid":[47,169],"CSV/Prefix-for":[48],"data":[50,89,179,212,231],"generation":[51,232],"across":[52,82],"diverse":[53],"applications.":[54],"We":[55],"focus":[56],"on":[57,224],"scenarios":[58],"personal":[61],"stories,":[62],"receipts,":[63],"medical":[65],"records,":[66],"using":[67],"randomized":[68],"datasets":[69],"to":[70,193,207,222,246],"evaluate":[71],"each":[72,115],"style's":[74,117],"impact.":[75],"Our":[76,142,219],"analysis":[77],"examines":[78],"these":[79],"styles":[81,205],"key":[84],"metrics:":[85],"accuracy":[86,156],"preserving":[88],"attributes,":[90],"associated":[93],"with":[94,152],"output":[95],"generation,":[96],"processing":[98,217],"time":[99,175],"required":[100],"completion.":[102],"By":[103],"incorporating":[104],"validation":[106],"comparative":[108],"analysis,":[109],"we":[110],"ensure":[111],"precise":[112],"evaluation":[113],"performance.":[118],"Results":[119],"are":[120],"visualized":[121],"through":[122],"metrics-based":[123],"comparisons,":[124],"Prompt":[127,131,137],"Style":[128,132,138],"vs.":[129,133,139],"Accuracy,":[130],"Token":[134],"Cost,":[135],"Processing":[140],"Time.":[141],"findings":[143,220],"reveal":[144],"trade-offs":[145],"between":[146,164],"complexity":[149],"performance,":[151],"JSON":[153],"providing":[154],"high":[155],"complex":[158,250],"data,":[159],"YAML":[160],"offering":[161],"balance":[163],"readability":[165],"CSV/Prefix":[170],"excelling":[171],"efficiency":[176],"flat":[178],"structures.":[180],"pros":[185],"cons":[187],"applying":[189],"GPT-4o":[191],"LLM":[192],"generate":[194],"It":[197],"also":[198],"provides":[199],"practical":[200],"recommendations":[201],"selecting":[203],"tailored":[206],"requirements,":[209],"integrity,":[213],"cost-effectiveness,":[214],"real-time":[216],"needs.":[218],"contribute":[221],"research":[223],"how":[225],"engineering":[227],"can":[228],"optimize":[229],"AI-driven":[234],"applications,":[235],"well":[237],"documenting":[239],"limitations":[240],"that":[241],"motivate":[242],"future":[243],"work":[244],"needed":[245],"improve":[247],"LLMs":[248],"tasks.":[251]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-04-02T15:55:50.835912","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
