{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406423232","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2024.1473837","title":"Prediction of outpatient rehabilitation patient preferences and optimization of graded diagnosis and treatment based on XGBoost machine learning algorithm","display_name":"Prediction of outpatient rehabilitation patient preferences and optimization of graded diagnosis and treatment based on XGBoost machine learning algorithm","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406423232","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2024.1473837","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39881882"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/frai.2024.1473837","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2024.1473837","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/artificial-intelligence/articles/10.3389/frai.2024.1473837/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210197006","display_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2624-8212","issn":["2624-8212"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/artificial-intelligence/articles/10.3389/frai.2024.1473837/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018897499","display_name":"Xuehui Fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9040-1155"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164332","display_name":"Shenzhen Second People's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05c74bq69","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210164332"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuehui Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164332"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017796538","display_name":"Ruixue Ye","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4532-7915"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164332","display_name":"Shenzhen Second People's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05c74bq69","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210164332"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruixue Ye","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164332"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101776449","display_name":"Yan Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2080-778X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164332","display_name":"Shenzhen Second People's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05c74bq69","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210164332"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164332"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008460502","display_name":"Kaiwen Xue","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5434-1340"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164332","display_name":"Shenzhen Second People's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05c74bq69","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210164332"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaiwen Xue","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164332"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115603645","display_name":"Zeyu Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7374-8800"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164332","display_name":"Shenzhen Second People's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05c74bq69","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210164332"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zeyu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164332"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101829182","display_name":"Jing Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3946-2056"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164332","display_name":"Shenzhen Second People's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05c74bq69","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210164332"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164332"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102496411","display_name":"Jingpu Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3923-1287"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164332","display_name":"Shenzhen Second People's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05c74bq69","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210164332"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingpu Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164332"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071285943","display_name":"Jun Feng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0706-2103"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Linping Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western, Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Linping Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western, Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100449198","display_name":"Yulong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0947-6967"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164332","display_name":"Shenzhen Second People's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05c74bq69","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210164332"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yulong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164332"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100449198"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164332"],"apc_list":{"value":1150,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2125},"apc_paid":{"value":1150,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2125},"fwci":2.7349,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89482759,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"1473837","last_page":"1473837"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14510","display_name":"Medical Imaging and Analysis","score":0.18150000274181366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14510","display_name":"Medical Imaging and Analysis","score":0.18150000274181366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11396","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare","score":0.13379999995231628,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.09359999746084213,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rehabilitation","display_name":"Rehabilitation","score":0.6810163855552673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5026061534881592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.47618499398231506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4756564497947693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-algorithm","display_name":"Optimization algorithm","score":0.44802695512771606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3584967255592346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.3547744154930115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.2930123805999756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-therapy","display_name":"Physical therapy","score":0.27059561014175415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.25233060121536255}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778818304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1819478","display_name":"Rehabilitation","level":2,"score":0.6810163855552673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5026061534881592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.47618499398231506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4756564497947693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987595161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Optimization algorithm","level":2,"score":0.44802695512771606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3584967255592346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3547744154930115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.2930123805999756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.27059561014175415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.25233060121536255}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/frai.2024.1473837","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2024.1473837","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/artificial-intelligence/articles/10.3389/frai.2024.1473837/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210197006","display_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2624-8212","issn":["2624-8212"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:39881882","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39881882","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in artificial intelligence","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11776094","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11776094","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11776094/pdf/frai-07-1473837.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Front Artif Intell","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:215414ace2924f47875327790a4e782b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/215414ace2924f47875327790a4e782b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence, Vol 7 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/frai.2024.1473837","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2024.1473837","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/artificial-intelligence/articles/10.3389/frai.2024.1473837/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210197006","display_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2624-8212","issn":["2624-8212"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6704221766","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SZSM202111010","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335767","funder_display_name":"Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335767","display_name":"Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4406423232.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1983651981","https://openalex.org/W1988377065","https://openalex.org/W1991181258","https://openalex.org/W2033609349","https://openalex.org/W2065142936","https://openalex.org/W2081863142","https://openalex.org/W2119279345","https://openalex.org/W2119666091","https://openalex.org/W2126422166","https://openalex.org/W2147456678","https://openalex.org/W2284461347","https://openalex.org/W2551208445","https://openalex.org/W2581082771","https://openalex.org/W2592929672","https://openalex.org/W2664267452","https://openalex.org/W2743899933","https://openalex.org/W2768602473","https://openalex.org/W2802096979","https://openalex.org/W2888699399","https://openalex.org/W2891701191","https://openalex.org/W2941857399","https://openalex.org/W2944954104","https://openalex.org/W2945571342","https://openalex.org/W2989675889","https://openalex.org/W3004244623","https://openalex.org/W3111698685","https://openalex.org/W3121254970","https://openalex.org/W3131801920","https://openalex.org/W3135278199","https://openalex.org/W4211222190","https://openalex.org/W4280538744","https://openalex.org/W4296991015","https://openalex.org/W4317628599","https://openalex.org/W4321368311","https://openalex.org/W4387439632","https://openalex.org/W4388989114","https://openalex.org/W4389160592","https://openalex.org/W4390946922","https://openalex.org/W4391844385","https://openalex.org/W4394571531","https://openalex.org/W4394766269","https://openalex.org/W4399217402"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W4306674287","https://openalex.org/W4387369504","https://openalex.org/W3046775127","https://openalex.org/W4394896187","https://openalex.org/W3170094116","https://openalex.org/W4386462264","https://openalex.org/W3107602296","https://openalex.org/W4364306694","https://openalex.org/W4312192474"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"The":[1,59,97,114,125,168,184,245,272],"Department":[2],"of":[3,12,33,44,216,258],"Rehabilitation":[4],"Medicine":[5],"is":[6,23,61],"key":[7,206,246],"to":[8,26,39,55,62,140,176,203,252,338],"improving":[9],"patients'":[10,282],"quality":[11],"life.":[13],"Driven":[14],"by":[15,48],"chronic":[16],"diseases":[17],"and":[18,30,51,67,105,110,122,132,144,153,162,192,196,221,261,269,275,284,315,327,345,351,364],"an":[19],"aging":[20],"population,":[21],"there":[22],"a":[24,52,189,229,236,355],"need":[25],"enhance":[27,346],"the":[28,41,137,178,205,212,328],"efficiency":[29,66],"resource":[31,69,340],"allocation":[32,70],"outpatient":[34,45,87],"facilities.":[35],"This":[36,294],"study":[37,295],"aims":[38],"analyze":[40,204],"treatment":[42,276,352],"preferences":[43,326],"rehabilitation":[46,88,291],"patients":[47,85],"using":[49,94,136,158,188],"data":[50,103,120,126],"grading":[53],"tool":[54,277],"establish":[56],"predictive":[57,73],"models.":[58,74],"goal":[60],"improve":[63,321,342],"patient":[64,325,347,362],"visit":[65],"optimize":[68,339],"through":[71],"these":[72],"Methods:":[75],"Data":[76,90],"were":[77,127,156,201],"collected":[78],"from":[79],"38":[80],"Chinese":[81],"institutions,":[82,254],"including":[83,160],"4,244":[84],"visiting":[86],"clinics.":[89],"processing":[91],"was":[92,100,174,186],"conducted":[93,157],"Python":[95],"software.":[96],"pandas":[98],"library":[99,139],"used":[101,175,202],"for":[102,368],"cleaning":[104],"preprocessing,":[106],"involving":[107,309],"68":[108],"categorical":[109],"12":[111],"continuous":[112],"variables.":[113],"steps":[115],"included":[116],"handling":[117],"missing":[118],"values,":[119],"normalization,":[121],"encoding":[123],"conversion.":[124],"divided":[128],"into":[129],"80%":[130],"training":[131],"20%":[133],"test":[134],"sets":[135],"Scikit-learn":[138],"ensure":[141],"model":[142,182,185,322],"independence":[143],"prevent":[145],"overfitting.":[146],"Performance":[147],"comparisons":[148],"among":[149],"XGBoost,":[150,302],"random":[151,226],"forest,":[152],"logistic":[154],"regression":[155],"metrics,":[159],"accuracy":[161,215],"receiver":[163],"operating":[164],"characteristic":[165],"(ROC)":[166],"curves.":[167],"imbalanced":[169],"learning":[170,299],"library's":[171],"SMOTE":[172],"technique":[173],"address":[177],"sample":[179],"imbalance":[180,314],"during":[181],"training.":[183],"optimized":[187],"confusion":[190],"matrix":[191],"feature":[193,317],"importance":[194],"analysis,":[195],"partial":[197],"dependence":[198],"plots":[199],"(PDP)":[200],"influencing":[207,247,330],"factors.":[208],"Results:":[209],"XGBoost":[210],"achieved":[211],"highest":[213],"overall":[214,231],"80.21%":[217],"with":[218,242],"high":[219],"precision":[220],"recall":[222],"in":[223,306,358],"Category":[224],"1.":[225],"forest":[227],"showed":[228],"similar":[230],"accuracy.":[232],"Logistic":[233],"Regression":[234],"had":[235],"significantly":[237],"lower":[238],"accuracy,":[239],"indicating":[240],"difficulties":[241],"nonlinear":[243],"data.":[244],"factors":[248,329],"identified":[249],"include":[250],"distance":[251],"medical":[253,287,331,370],"arrival":[255],"time,":[256],"length":[257],"hospital":[259],"stay,":[260],"specific":[262],"diseases,":[263],"such":[264],"as":[265],"cardiovascular,":[266],"pulmonary,":[267],"oncological,":[268],"orthopedic":[270],"conditions.":[271],"tiered":[273],"diagnosis":[274,350],"effectively":[278],"helped":[279],"doctors":[280,360],"assess":[281],"conditions":[283,363],"recommend":[285],"suitable":[286],"institutions":[288],"based":[289],"on":[290],"grading.":[292],"Conclusion:":[293],"confirmed":[296],"that":[297],"ensemble":[298],"methods,":[300],"particularly":[301],"outperform":[303],"single":[304],"models":[305],"classification":[307],"tasks":[308],"complex":[310],"datasets.":[311],"Addressing":[312],"class":[313],"enhancing":[316],"engineering":[318],"can":[319,334],"further":[320],"performance.":[323],"Understanding":[324],"institution":[332],"selection":[333],"guide":[335],"healthcare":[336],"policies":[337],"allocation,":[341],"service":[343],"quality,":[344],"satisfaction.":[348],"Tiered":[349],"tools":[353],"play":[354],"crucial":[356],"role":[357],"helping":[359],"evaluate":[361],"make":[365],"informed":[366],"recommendations":[367],"appropriate":[369],"care.":[371]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
