{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4404961847","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2024.1422208","title":"Graph theoretic visualization of patient and health worker messaging in the EHR","display_name":"Graph theoretic visualization of patient and health worker messaging in the EHR","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-12-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4404961847","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2024.1422208","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39691750"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/frai.2024.1422208","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2024.1422208","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/artificial-intelligence/articles/10.3389/frai.2024.1422208/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210197006","display_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2624-8212","issn":["2624-8212"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/artificial-intelligence/articles/10.3389/frai.2024.1422208/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101982280","display_name":"Muhammad Zia ul Haq","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0338-9552"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105726","display_name":"World Health Organization Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean","ror":"https://ror.org/01h4ywk72","country_code":"EG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105654","https://openalex.org/I4210105726"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Zia ul Haq","raw_affiliation_strings":["Noncommunicable Diseases and Mental Health Department, World Health Organization Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Noncommunicable Diseases and Mental Health Department, World Health Organization Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105726"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036325974","display_name":"Andrew Hornback","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5461-5848"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Hornback","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bio-MIBLab, School of Computational Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bio-MIBLab, School of Computational Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089659174","display_name":"Arash Harzand","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9192-9338"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150468666","display_name":"Emory University","ror":"https://ror.org/03czfpz43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arash Harzand","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073937900","display_name":"David A. Gutman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1386-8701"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162609","display_name":"Switchboard of Miami","ror":"https://ror.org/04zwbxk42","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162609"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Andrew Gutman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Switchboard MD, Inc., Atlanta, GA, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Switchboard MD, Inc., Atlanta, GA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162609"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005180093","display_name":"Bradley Gallaher","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162609","display_name":"Switchboard of Miami","ror":"https://ror.org/04zwbxk42","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162609"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bradley Gallaher","raw_affiliation_strings":["Switchboard MD, Inc., Atlanta, GA, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Switchboard MD, Inc., Atlanta, GA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162609"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009547836","display_name":"Evan D. Schoenberg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9573-1273"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162609","display_name":"Switchboard of Miami","ror":"https://ror.org/04zwbxk42","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162609"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Evan D. Schoenberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Switchboard MD, Inc., Atlanta, GA, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Switchboard MD, Inc., Atlanta, GA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162609"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010965105","display_name":"Yuanda Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7812-9216"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162609","display_name":"Switchboard of Miami","ror":"https://ror.org/04zwbxk42","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162609"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanda Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Switchboard MD, Inc., Atlanta, GA, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Switchboard MD, Inc., Atlanta, GA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162609"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030096887","display_name":"May D. Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3961-3608"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"May D. Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bio-MIBLab, School of Computational Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bio-MIBLab, School of Computational Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103435898","display_name":"Blake Anderson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150468666","display_name":"Emory University","ror":"https://ror.org/03czfpz43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162609","display_name":"Switchboard of Miami","ror":"https://ror.org/04zwbxk42","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162609"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Blake Anderson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of General Internal Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States","Switchboard MD, Inc., Atlanta, GA, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of General Internal Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Switchboard MD, Inc., Atlanta, GA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162609"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5036325974","https://openalex.org/A5101982280"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444","https://openalex.org/I4210105726"],"apc_list":{"value":1150,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1150},"apc_paid":{"value":1150,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1150},"fwci":1.9955,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88497308,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"1422208","last_page":"1422208"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12918","display_name":"Healthcare Systems and Technology","score":0.5767999887466431,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12918","display_name":"Healthcare Systems and Technology","score":0.5767999887466431,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10827","display_name":"Patient-Provider Communication in Healthcare","score":0.19820000231266022,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10350","display_name":"Electronic Health Records Systems","score":0.0494999997317791,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.6742696166038513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.4923030138015747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4908931851387024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.3869842290878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.3666267395019531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.24853581190109253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.17444738745689392}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.6742696166038513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.4923030138015747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4908931851387024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3869842290878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.3666267395019531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.24853581190109253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.17444738745689392}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/frai.2024.1422208","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2024.1422208","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/artificial-intelligence/articles/10.3389/frai.2024.1422208/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210197006","display_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2624-8212","issn":["2624-8212"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:39691750","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39691750","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in artificial intelligence","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11651085","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11651085","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11651085/pdf/frai-07-1422208.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Front Artif Intell","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:272a7c0ad8344b9aa57faf4392fbd041","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/272a7c0ad8344b9aa57faf4392fbd041","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence, Vol 7 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/frai.2024.1422208","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2024.1422208","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/artificial-intelligence/articles/10.3389/frai.2024.1422208/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210197006","display_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2624-8212","issn":["2624-8212"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4404961847.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4404961847.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2095346772","https://openalex.org/W2113129311","https://openalex.org/W2116241811","https://openalex.org/W2128795341","https://openalex.org/W2345797643","https://openalex.org/W2398855771","https://openalex.org/W2586992736","https://openalex.org/W2610362803","https://openalex.org/W2754890768","https://openalex.org/W2765802183","https://openalex.org/W2902257721","https://openalex.org/W2954996172","https://openalex.org/W2972468754","https://openalex.org/W2990035491","https://openalex.org/W3011681336","https://openalex.org/W3012690896","https://openalex.org/W3027574733","https://openalex.org/W3046327779","https://openalex.org/W3123088179","https://openalex.org/W3146377541","https://openalex.org/W3165393361","https://openalex.org/W4383481965","https://openalex.org/W4402276563","https://openalex.org/W6788453266"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2068608913","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Introduction:":[0],"The":[1],"electronic":[2],"health":[3,14,26,56,79,104,154,162,235],"record":[4],"(EHR)":[5],"has":[6],"greatly":[7],"expanded":[8],"healthcare":[9,64,108],"communication":[10,85,149,210,230],"between":[11,53,99,232],"patients":[12,54,101,233],"and":[13,19,34,55,82,102,132,195,234,237],"workers.":[15],"However,":[16],"the":[17,71,84,120,137,148,201,209,213,222,239],"volume":[18],"complexity":[20],"of":[21,73,147,224,241],"EHR":[22,46,50],"messages":[23,51,74,97,122],"have":[24],"increased":[25],"workers'":[27],"cognitive":[28],"load,":[29],"impeding":[30],"effective":[31],"care":[32],"delivery":[33],"contributing":[35],"to":[36,158,228],"burnout.":[37],"Methods:":[38],"To":[39],"understand":[40,229],"these":[41],"potential":[42],"detriments":[43],"resulting":[44],"from":[45],"communication,":[47],"we":[48],"analyzed":[49],"sent":[52,98],"workers":[57,105,163,236],"at":[58],"Emory":[59],"Healthcare,":[60],"a":[61],"large":[62],"academic":[63],"system":[65],"in":[66,174,186,208],"Atlanta,":[67],"Georgia.":[68],"We":[69],"quantified":[70],"burden":[72,240],"interacted":[75,118],"with":[76,119,136],"by":[77,125,179],"each":[78,153],"worker":[80,155],"type":[81],"visualized":[83],"patterns":[86],"using":[87],"graph":[88,226],"theory.":[89],"Our":[90,219],"analysis":[91,146,220],"included":[92],"76,694":[93],"conversations":[94],"comprising":[95],"144,369":[96],"47,460":[100],"3,749":[103],"across":[106],"85":[107],"specialties.":[109],"Results:":[110],"On":[111],"average,":[112],"nurses/certified":[113],"nursing":[114],"assistants/medical":[115],"assistants":[116],"(nurses/CNA/MA)":[117],"most":[121],"(350),":[123],"followed":[124,178],"non-physician":[126],"practitioners":[127],"(NPP)":[128],"(241),":[129],"physicians":[130],"(166),":[131],"support":[133,171,196],"staff":[134,172,197],"(155),":[135],"average":[138],"conversation":[139],"involving":[140],"10.51":[141],"interactions":[142],"before":[143],"resolution.":[144],"Network":[145],"flow":[150],"revealed":[151],"that":[152],"was":[156],"connected":[157],"approximately":[159],"two":[160],"other":[161],"(average":[164],"degree":[165],"=":[166],"2.10).":[167],"In":[168],"message":[169,191],"sending,":[170],"led":[173],"closeness":[175],"centrality":[176],"(0.44),":[177],"nurses/CNA/MA":[180,193],"(0.41),":[181],"highlighting":[182],"their":[183,205],"key":[184],"role":[185,207],"fast":[187],"information":[188],"spread.":[189],"For":[190],"reception,":[192],"(0.51)":[194],"(0.41)":[198],"also":[199],"had":[200],"highest":[202],"values,":[203],"underscoring":[204],"vital":[206],"network":[211],"on":[212],"receiving":[214],"end":[215],"as":[216],"well.":[217],"Discussion:":[218],"demonstrates":[221],"feasibility":[223],"applying":[225],"theory":[227],"dynamics":[231],"highlights":[238],"EHR-based":[242],"messaging.":[243]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2024-12-04T00:00:00"}