{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387057351","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2023.1227950","title":"mPD-APP: a mobile-enabled plant diseases diagnosis application using convolutional neural network toward the attainment of a food secure world","display_name":"mPD-APP: a mobile-enabled plant diseases diagnosis application using convolutional neural network toward the attainment of a food secure world","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387057351","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2023.1227950","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37818427"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/frai.2023.1227950","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2023.1227950","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frai.2023.1227950/pdf?isPublishedV2=False","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210197006","display_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2624-8212","issn":["2624-8212"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frai.2023.1227950/pdf?isPublishedV2=False","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020833490","display_name":"Emmanuel Oluwatobi Asani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6774-8529"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I304664074","display_name":"Landmark University","ror":"https://ror.org/04gw4zv66","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I304664074"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emmanuel Oluwatobi Asani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Nigeria","Landmark University SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities Research Group), Omu-Aran, Nigeria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I304664074"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Landmark University SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities Research Group), Omu-Aran, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I304664074"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092945622","display_name":"Yomi Phineas Osadeyi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I304664074","display_name":"Landmark University","ror":"https://ror.org/04gw4zv66","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I304664074"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yomi Phineas Osadeyi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Nigeria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I304664074"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028891015","display_name":"Adekanmi Adeyinka Adegun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7244-9665"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95023434","display_name":"University of KwaZulu-Natal","ror":"https://ror.org/04qzfn040","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Adekanmi A. Adegun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054315649","display_name":"Serestina Viriri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2850-8645"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95023434","display_name":"University of KwaZulu-Natal","ror":"https://ror.org/04qzfn040","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Serestina Viriri","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005369282","display_name":"Joyce Ayoola","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0713-8128"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16269868","display_name":"Santa Clara University","ror":"https://ror.org/03ypqe447","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16269868"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joyce A. Ayoola","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16269868"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090030127","display_name":"Ebenezer Ayorinde Kolawole","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I304664074","display_name":"Landmark University","ror":"https://ror.org/04gw4zv66","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I304664074"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ebenezer Ayorinde Kolawole","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Nigeria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I304664074"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028891015","https://openalex.org/A5054315649"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"],"apc_list":{"value":1150,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1150},"apc_paid":{"value":1150,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1150},"fwci":6.1251,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95688824,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":null,"first_page":"1227950","last_page":"1227950"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12894","display_name":"Date Palm Research Studies","score":0.9599000215530396,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12660","display_name":"Plant Disease Management Techniques","score":0.9178000092506409,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.7988978624343872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overfitting","display_name":"Overfitting","score":0.7332980036735535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.712165892124176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5931041836738586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/food-security","display_name":"Food security","score":0.5529888272285461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.47207048535346985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.46867379546165466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.42734119296073914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preprocessor","display_name":"Preprocessor","score":0.4209510385990143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.28539222478866577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agriculture","display_name":"Agriculture","score":0.16636264324188232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.10516467690467834}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.7988978624343872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22019652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q331309","display_name":"Overfitting","level":3,"score":0.7332980036735535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.712165892124176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5931041836738586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C549605437","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1229911","display_name":"Food security","level":3,"score":0.5529888272285461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.47207048535346985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.46867379546165466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.42734119296073914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34736171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918333","display_name":"Preprocessor","level":2,"score":0.4209510385990143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.28539222478866577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.16636264324188232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.10516467690467834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/frai.2023.1227950","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2023.1227950","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frai.2023.1227950/pdf?isPublishedV2=False","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210197006","display_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2624-8212","issn":["2624-8212"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37818427","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37818427","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in artificial intelligence","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.lmu.edu.ng:4501","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":"http://eprints.lmu.edu.ng/4501/1/mpd-App%20mobile%20enabled%20plant%20disease%20diagnosis.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401652","display_name":"Landmark University Repository (Landmark University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I304664074","host_organization_name":"Landmark University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I304664074"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10561242","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10561242","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10561242/pdf/frai-06-1227950.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Front Artif Intell","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f3746fd5628042d3a66918ce37ab1fe9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f3746fd5628042d3a66918ce37ab1fe9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence, Vol 6 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/frai.2023.1227950","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2023.1227950","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frai.2023.1227950/pdf?isPublishedV2=False","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210197006","display_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2624-8212","issn":["2624-8212"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387057351.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2314786843","https://openalex.org/W2612844455","https://openalex.org/W2799842361","https://openalex.org/W2891667148","https://openalex.org/W2913500366","https://openalex.org/W2914064754","https://openalex.org/W2938959907","https://openalex.org/W3015562698","https://openalex.org/W4205228781","https://openalex.org/W4223484634","https://openalex.org/W4280646128","https://openalex.org/W4317568603","https://openalex.org/W4381683333","https://openalex.org/W6752554845"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1574414179","https://openalex.org/W4362597605","https://openalex.org/W3009056573","https://openalex.org/W2922073769","https://openalex.org/W2991587282","https://openalex.org/W4288018740","https://openalex.org/W3008919350","https://openalex.org/W4372048956","https://openalex.org/W4206989953","https://openalex.org/W4283776244"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,65,130,153,172,201,218,233,251,272],"devastating":[1],"effect":[2],"of":[3,17,26,41,68,115,125,161,212,231,242,263],"plant":[4,45,56,70,95,116,225,243,291],"disease":[5,46],"infestation":[6],"on":[7,306],"crop":[8,60],"production":[9],"poses":[10],"a":[11,93,106,112,255,276],"significant":[12],"threat":[13],"to":[14,51,59,83,99,136,167,207,237,287,331],"the":[15,18,39,78,88,123,127,138,157,162,181,213,259,266,299,308,312,337],"attainment":[16],"United":[19],"Nations'":[20],"Sustainable":[21],"Development":[22],"Goal":[23],"2":[24],"(SDG2)":[25],"food":[27,85],"security,":[28],"especially":[29],"in":[30,87,223,269,284],"Sub-Saharan":[31,285],"Africa.":[32],"This":[33,90],"has":[34],"been":[35],"further":[36,72,297],"exacerbated":[37],"by":[38],"lack":[40],"effective":[42],"and":[43,53,62,150,198,210,248,281,289,294,310,317,322,335],"accessible":[44],"detection":[47,74,128],"technologies.":[48],"Farmers'":[49],"inability":[50],"quickly":[52],"accurately":[54],"diagnose":[55,290],"diseases":[57,71,244,292],"leads":[58],"destruction":[61],"reduced":[63],"productivity.":[64],"diverse":[66,113],"range":[67,114],"existing":[69,327],"complicates":[73],"for":[75,122,279],"farmers":[76,280],"without":[77],"right":[79],"technologies,":[80],"hindering":[81],"efforts":[82,303],"combat":[84],"insecurity":[86],"region.":[89],"study":[91],"presents":[92],"web-based":[94,273],"diagnosis":[96],"application,":[97],"referred":[98],"as":[100,145,188],"mobile-enabled":[101],"Plant":[102],"Diagnosis-Application":[103],"(mPD-App).":[104],"First,":[105],"publicly":[107],"available":[108],"image":[109,131,148,170],"dataset,":[110],"containing":[111],"diseases,":[117,226],"was":[118,204,235],"acquired":[119],"from":[120],"Kaggle":[121],"purpose":[124],"training":[126,154,202],"system.":[129],"dataset":[132,309],"was,":[133],"then,":[134],"made":[135],"undergo":[137],"preprocessing":[139],"stage":[140],"which":[141],"included":[142],"processes":[143],"such":[144,187,324],"image-to-array":[146],"conversion,":[147],"reshaping,":[149],"data":[151],"augmentation.":[152],"phase":[155],"leverages":[156],"vast":[158],"computational":[159],"ability":[160],"convolutional":[163,178],"neural":[164],"network":[165],"(CNN)":[166],"effectively":[168,293],"classify":[169,238],"datasets.":[171],"CNN":[173],"model":[174,234],"architecture":[175],"featured":[176],"six":[177],"layers":[179],"(including":[180],"fully":[182],"connected":[183],"layer)":[184],"with":[185,245],"phases,":[186],"normalization":[189],"layer,":[190,197],"rectified":[191],"linear":[192],"unit":[193],"(RELU),":[194],"max":[195],"pooling":[196],"dropout":[199],"layer.":[200],"process":[203],"carefully":[205],"managed":[206],"prevent":[208],"underfitting":[209],"overfitting":[211],"model,":[214],"ensuring":[215],"accurate":[216],"predictions.":[217],"mPD-App":[219,274],"demonstrated":[220],"excellent":[221],"performance":[222],"diagnosing":[224],"achieving":[227],"an":[228],"overall":[229],"accuracy":[230],"93.91%.":[232],"able":[236],"14":[239],"different":[240],"types":[241],"high":[246],"precision":[247],"recall":[249],"values.":[250],"ROC":[252],"curve":[253,260],"showed":[254],"promising":[256],"area":[257],"under":[258],"(AUC)":[261],"value":[262],"0.946,":[264],"indicating":[265],"model's":[267,313],"reliability":[268],"detecting":[270],"diseases.":[271],"offers":[275],"valuable":[277],"tool":[278],"agricultural":[282,328],"stakeholders":[283],"Africa,":[286],"detect":[288],"efficiently.":[295],"To":[296],"improve":[298],"application's":[300],"performance,":[301],"ongoing":[302],"should":[304,319],"focus":[305],"expanding":[307],"refining":[311],"architecture.":[314],"Agricultural":[315],"authorities":[316],"policymakers":[318],"consider":[320],"promoting":[321],"integrating":[323],"technologies":[325],"into":[326],"extension":[329],"services":[330],"maximize":[332],"their":[333],"impact":[334],"benefit":[336],"farming":[338],"community.":[339]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-11T14:59:36.786465","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}