{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4383104905","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2023.1216340","title":"Persuasive Technology and computational manipulation: hypernudging out of mental self-determination","display_name":"Persuasive Technology and computational manipulation: hypernudging out of mental self-determination","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4383104905","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2023.1216340","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37469930"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/frai.2023.1216340","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2023.1216340","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frai.2023.1216340/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210197006","display_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2624-8212","issn":["2624-8212"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frai.2023.1216340/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092396617","display_name":"Stefano Faraoni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5219-5581"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210129704","display_name":"University Institute of European Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/039xw7n32","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210129704"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52099693","display_name":"University of York","ror":"https://ror.org/04m01e293","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55143463","display_name":"University of Turin","ror":"https://ror.org/048tbm396","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55143463"]}],"countries":["GB","IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Stefano Faraoni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Law Department, European Legal Studies, University of Turin, Turin, Italy","Law Department, University of York, York, United Kingdom","Law Department, European Legal Studies, University of Turin, Italy","Law Department, University of York, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Law Department, European Legal Studies, University of Turin, Turin, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210129704"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Law Department, University of York, York, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Law Department, European Legal Studies, University of Turin, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210129704","https://openalex.org/I55143463"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Law Department, University of York, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5092396617"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210129704","https://openalex.org/I52099693","https://openalex.org/I55143463"],"apc_list":{"value":2125,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2125},"apc_paid":{"value":2125,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2125},"fwci":3.6545,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94083011,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":null,"first_page":"1216340","last_page":"1216340"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11953","display_name":"Neuroethics, Human Enhancement, Biomedical Innovations","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11953","display_name":"Neuroethics, Human Enhancement, Biomedical Innovations","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11045","display_name":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","score":0.9696999788284302,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autonomy","display_name":"Autonomy","score":0.7524603009223938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5950702428817749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.542800784111023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fundamental-rights","display_name":"Fundamental rights","score":0.4959286153316498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.47444379329681396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4457128345966339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/affect","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","score":0.41186168789863586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-rights","display_name":"Human rights","score":0.4077960252761841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.35937249660491943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.2383517324924469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communication","display_name":"Communication","score":0.1716310977935791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.12832805514335632}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65414064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484105","display_name":"Autonomy","level":2,"score":0.7524603009223938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5950702428817749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.542800784111023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95691615","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3237872","display_name":"Fundamental rights","level":3,"score":0.4959286153316498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.47444379329681396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4457128345966339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776035688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1606558","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.41186168789863586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169437150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8458","display_name":"Human rights","level":2,"score":0.4077960252761841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.35937249660491943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.2383517324924469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.1716310977935791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.12832805514335632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/frai.2023.1216340","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2023.1216340","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frai.2023.1216340/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210197006","display_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2624-8212","issn":["2624-8212"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37469930","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37469930","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in artificial intelligence","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10352952","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10352952","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10352952/pdf/frai-06-1216340.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Front Artif Intell","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/9882f614-c44c-471d-87db-d409be8316ed","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.birmingham.ac.uk/en/publications/9882f614-c44c-471d-87db-d409be8316ed","pdf_url":"https://pure-oai.bham.ac.uk/ws/files/239368439/frai-06-1216340.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402634","display_name":"University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79619799","host_organization_name":"University of Birmingham","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Faraoni, S 2023, 'Persuasive Technology and computational manipulation : hypernudging out of mental self-determination', Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence, vol. 6, 1216340. https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2023.1216340","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f5b01dea9d784a97abb38b1834e95e8c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f5b01dea9d784a97abb38b1834e95e8c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence, Vol 6 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire_cris_publications/9882f614-c44c-471d-87db-d409be8316ed","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.birmingham.ac.uk/files/239368439/frai-06-1216340.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402634","display_name":"University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79619799","host_organization_name":"University of Birmingham","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Faraoni, S 2023, 'Persuasive Technology and computational manipulation : hypernudging out of mental self-determination', Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence, vol. 6, 1216340. https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2023.1216340","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/frai.2023.1216340","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2023.1216340","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frai.2023.1216340/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210197006","display_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2624-8212","issn":["2624-8212"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.8199999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4383104905.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":84,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W52732106","https://openalex.org/W86997448","https://openalex.org/W404626187","https://openalex.org/W604465837","https://openalex.org/W608041405","https://openalex.org/W613945323","https://openalex.org/W1488997075","https://openalex.org/W1496012464","https://openalex.org/W1500212476","https://openalex.org/W1538334339","https://openalex.org/W1583059097","https://openalex.org/W1593113254","https://openalex.org/W1597312622","https://openalex.org/W1974065322","https://openalex.org/W1987495074","https://openalex.org/W1989852623","https://openalex.org/W2007366526","https://openalex.org/W2023602811","https://openalex.org/W2024892095","https://openalex.org/W2035476607","https://openalex.org/W2038623614","https://openalex.org/W2039384669","https://openalex.org/W2040993216","https://openalex.org/W2052864541","https://openalex.org/W2054057747","https://openalex.org/W2100523952","https://openalex.org/W2106218328","https://openalex.org/W2107165225","https://openalex.org/W2157193640","https://openalex.org/W2161210896","https://openalex.org/W2162694261","https://openalex.org/W2261224924","https://openalex.org/W2282022578","https://openalex.org/W2336425258","https://openalex.org/W2339937250","https://openalex.org/W2396457900","https://openalex.org/W2416868893","https://openalex.org/W2497080131","https://openalex.org/W2504696229","https://openalex.org/W2565578130","https://openalex.org/W2604941166","https://openalex.org/W2616332126","https://openalex.org/W2767945620","https://openalex.org/W2785641013","https://openalex.org/W2792542287","https://openalex.org/W2809286498","https://openalex.org/W2810424777","https://openalex.org/W2889543738","https://openalex.org/W2910023381","https://openalex.org/W2953522645","https://openalex.org/W2971955170","https://openalex.org/W2989908686","https://openalex.org/W2996829086","https://openalex.org/W2997840802","https://openalex.org/W3033323847","https://openalex.org/W3121762145","https://openalex.org/W3123463080","https://openalex.org/W3124033027","https://openalex.org/W3140445995","https://openalex.org/W3159407957","https://openalex.org/W3208367625","https://openalex.org/W4200533544","https://openalex.org/W4205744578","https://openalex.org/W4211095984","https://openalex.org/W4231399809","https://openalex.org/W4236971218","https://openalex.org/W4237171020","https://openalex.org/W4238687526","https://openalex.org/W4241144816","https://openalex.org/W4243286144","https://openalex.org/W4249266684","https://openalex.org/W4282551339","https://openalex.org/W4288086176","https://openalex.org/W4304693846","https://openalex.org/W4309865635","https://openalex.org/W4383961065","https://openalex.org/W6635471438","https://openalex.org/W6675996512","https://openalex.org/W6724489674","https://openalex.org/W6754621143","https://openalex.org/W6770117353","https://openalex.org/W6788655575","https://openalex.org/W6987977317","https://openalex.org/W7001233856"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2031681959","https://openalex.org/W4225854375","https://openalex.org/W2044188186","https://openalex.org/W111059043","https://openalex.org/W4381571490","https://openalex.org/W3013280269","https://openalex.org/W3169229736","https://openalex.org/W3173941213","https://openalex.org/W4293250149","https://openalex.org/W1909353877"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Artificial":[0],"Intelligence,":[1],"unperceived,":[2],"can":[3,34,128],"acquire":[4],"the":[5,17,30,45,51,82,140,150,160,185,192],"user's":[6],"data,":[7],"find":[8],"connections":[9],"not":[10],"visible":[11],"by":[12,121,169],"a":[13,89,110,146,154,180],"human":[14],"being,":[15],"profile":[16],"users,":[18],"and":[19,38,62,84,93,103,124,139,144,163],"aim":[20],"at":[21,72],"persuading":[22],"them,":[23],"resulting":[24],"in":[25,50,157,176],"Persuasive":[26],"Technology":[27],"(PT).":[28],"During":[29],"persuasive":[31],"process,":[32],"PT":[33],"use":[35,70],"manipulation,":[36],"finding":[37],"using":[39],"routes":[40],"to":[41,135,142,152,187,191],"affect":[42],"System":[43],"1,":[44],"primordial":[46],"brain":[47],"of":[48,53,105,112,159,178,195],"individuals,":[49],"absence":[52],"their":[54,57],"awareness,":[55],"undermining":[56],"decision-making":[58,161],"processes.":[59],"Multiple":[60],"international":[61],"European":[63],"bodies":[64],"recognized":[65],"that":[66,85],"AI":[67],"systems":[68],"could":[69],"manipulation":[71,87,123],"an":[73],"unprecedented":[74,193],"degree":[75],"via":[76],"second-generation":[77],"dark":[78],"patterns":[79],"such":[80,98],"as":[81,99],"hypernudge":[83],"computational":[86,122,170],"constitutes":[88],"risk":[90],"for":[91],"autonomy":[92],"different,":[94],"overlapping,":[95],"fundamental":[96,117,126,183],"rights":[97,118,127],"privacy,":[100],"informational":[101],"self-determination":[102],"freedom":[104],"thought.":[106],"However,":[107],"there":[108],"is":[109],"lack":[111],"shared":[113],"ideas":[114],"regarding":[115],"which":[116,125],"are":[119],"violated":[120],"protect":[129],"individuals":[130],"against":[131],"it.":[132],"The":[133],"right":[134,141,151,186],"be":[136],"let":[137],"alone":[138],"hold":[143],"express":[145],"thought":[147],"differ":[148],"from":[149,165],"create":[153],"thought,":[155],"being":[156],"control":[158],"process":[162],"free":[164],"cognitive":[166],"interferences":[167],"operated":[168],"manipulation.":[171],"Therefore,":[172],"this":[173],"paper":[174],"argues":[175],"favor":[177],"recognizing":[179],"newly":[181],"emerged":[182],"right,":[184],"mental":[188],"self-determination,":[189],"tailored":[190],"abilities":[194],"AI-driven":[196],"manipulative":[197],"technologies.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-01T09:00:35.917206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
