{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385334929","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2023.1212336","title":"Counterfactual learning in enhancing resilience in autonomous agent systems","display_name":"Counterfactual learning in enhancing resilience in autonomous agent systems","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385334929","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2023.1212336","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37575207"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/frai.2023.1212336","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2023.1212336","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frai.2023.1212336/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210197006","display_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2624-8212","issn":["2624-8212"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frai.2023.1212336/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051101842","display_name":"Dilini Samarasinghe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1549-0159"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188329596","display_name":"University of Canberra","ror":"https://ror.org/04s1nv328","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188329596"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dilini Samarasinghe","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Systems and Computing, University of New South Wales, Canberra, ACT, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Systems and Computing, University of New South Wales, Canberra, ACT, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188329596","https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5051101842"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188329596","https://openalex.org/I31746571"],"apc_list":{"value":2125,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2125},"apc_paid":{"value":2125,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2125},"fwci":0.6538,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74672888,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":null,"first_page":"1212336","last_page":"1212336"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9801999926567078,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10876","display_name":"Fault Detection and Control Systems","score":0.9749000072479248,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/counterfactual-thinking","display_name":"Counterfactual thinking","score":0.875069797039032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7139384746551514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptation","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","score":0.5673828125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resilience","display_name":"Resilience (materials science)","score":0.5505516529083252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-reconfiguration","display_name":"Control reconfiguration","score":0.4919531047344208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.45357927680015564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.4356595277786255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3924821615219116}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108650721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1783253","display_name":"Counterfactual thinking","level":2,"score":0.875069797039032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7139384746551514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139807058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352374","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","level":2,"score":0.5673828125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779585090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3457762","display_name":"Resilience (materials science)","level":2,"score":0.5505516529083252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119701452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165881","display_name":"Control reconfiguration","level":2,"score":0.4919531047344208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.45357927680015564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.4356595277786255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3924821615219116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/frai.2023.1212336","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2023.1212336","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frai.2023.1212336/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210197006","display_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2624-8212","issn":["2624-8212"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37575207","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37575207","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in artificial intelligence","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:unsworks.library.unsw.edu.au:1959.4/unsworks_84467","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1959.4/unsworks_84467","pdf_url":"https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/bitstreams/952c4faa-83bc-4772-a78f-87b6682f9d70/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401737","display_name":"UNSWorks (University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I40053085","host_organization_name":"Australian Defence Force Academy","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40053085"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence, 6, 1212336","raw_type":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10419171","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10419171","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10419171/pdf/frai-06-1212336.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Front Artif Intell","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d883dae53c4d42b39401fc16f2efc712","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d883dae53c4d42b39401fc16f2efc712","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence, Vol 6 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/frai.2023.1212336","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2023.1212336","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frai.2023.1212336/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210197006","display_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2624-8212","issn":["2624-8212"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4385334929.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":80,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W75005070","https://openalex.org/W95327738","https://openalex.org/W113609708","https://openalex.org/W1524470902","https://openalex.org/W1584534477","https://openalex.org/W1603091613","https://openalex.org/W1738562051","https://openalex.org/W1968807469","https://openalex.org/W1976109100","https://openalex.org/W2020360151","https://openalex.org/W2029456675","https://openalex.org/W2076671563","https://openalex.org/W2101496914","https://openalex.org/W2107396783","https://openalex.org/W2110362031","https://openalex.org/W2124058244","https://openalex.org/W2136239655","https://openalex.org/W2137714578","https://openalex.org/W2149469814","https://openalex.org/W2188154624","https://openalex.org/W2210428523","https://openalex.org/W2340985688","https://openalex.org/W2487427220","https://openalex.org/W2617547828","https://openalex.org/W2735197257","https://openalex.org/W2790863705","https://openalex.org/W2806598546","https://openalex.org/W2895752198","https://openalex.org/W2912971983","https://openalex.org/W2925098569","https://openalex.org/W2943675150","https://openalex.org/W2963125461","https://openalex.org/W2999446437","https://openalex.org/W3039920921","https://openalex.org/W3088990421","https://openalex.org/W3092661284","https://openalex.org/W3103532359","https://openalex.org/W3103857453","https://openalex.org/W3111025140","https://openalex.org/W3115065373","https://openalex.org/W3121222079","https://openalex.org/W3136198789","https://openalex.org/W3166801429","https://openalex.org/W3181572373","https://openalex.org/W3200739262","https://openalex.org/W3204005813","https://openalex.org/W3209562766","https://openalex.org/W3214103722","https://openalex.org/W3214404698","https://openalex.org/W3215218041","https://openalex.org/W4207021985","https://openalex.org/W4226229891","https://openalex.org/W4244761829","https://openalex.org/W4255871753","https://openalex.org/W4281676416","https://openalex.org/W4282840547","https://openalex.org/W4283796213","https://openalex.org/W4285036494","https://openalex.org/W4285124535","https://openalex.org/W4285148089","https://openalex.org/W4288450909","https://openalex.org/W4297094915","https://openalex.org/W4308077758","https://openalex.org/W4313453017","https://openalex.org/W4323569289","https://openalex.org/W4364357380","https://openalex.org/W6603880934","https://openalex.org/W6639596357","https://openalex.org/W6669767513","https://openalex.org/W6679921963","https://openalex.org/W6687191842","https://openalex.org/W6719801000","https://openalex.org/W6754669440","https://openalex.org/W6755963907","https://openalex.org/W6759245520","https://openalex.org/W6760831188","https://openalex.org/W6766318688","https://openalex.org/W6797079202","https://openalex.org/W6801872719","https://openalex.org/W6839287820"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2368452559","https://openalex.org/W3192420727","https://openalex.org/W4255347830","https://openalex.org/W2355024853","https://openalex.org/W1946658051","https://openalex.org/W2170012609","https://openalex.org/W1571518467","https://openalex.org/W3200466200","https://openalex.org/W87991986","https://openalex.org/W2096162603"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Resilience":[0],"in":[1,23,176,207],"autonomous":[2,238],"agent":[3,208,239],"systems":[4,61,77,209,240],"is":[5,27,158],"about":[6,194],"having":[7],"the":[8,30,34,38,43,55,58,83,86,112,129,145,195,231,243],"capacity":[9],"to":[10,36,41,70,141,147,173,213,218,241],"anticipate,":[11],"respond":[12],"to,":[13,15],"adapt":[14],"and":[16,20,92,104,108,152,170,191,215,236],"recover":[17],"from":[18],"adverse":[19],"dynamic":[21,73,124],"conditions":[22,151],"complex":[24,237],"environments.":[25,125],"It":[26],"associated":[28],"with":[29,123,144,220],"intelligence":[31],"possessed":[32],"by":[33],"agents":[35,140],"preserve":[37],"functionality":[39,46],"or":[40,51],"minimize":[42],"impact":[44],"on":[45,81],"through":[47],"a":[48,159,168,211],"transformation,":[49],"reconfiguration,":[50],"expansion":[52],"performed":[53],"across":[54],"system.":[56],"Enhancing":[57],"resilience":[59],"of":[60,85,106,114,197,233,246],"could":[62],"pave":[63],"way":[64],"toward":[65],"higher":[66],"autonomy":[67],"allowing":[68],"them":[69,143,217],"tackle":[71],"intricate":[72],"problems.":[74],"The":[75],"state-of-the-art":[76],"have":[78,110],"mostly":[79],"focussed":[80],"improving":[82],"redundancy":[84],"system,":[87],"adopting":[88],"decentralized":[89],"control":[90],"architectures,":[91],"utilizing":[93],"distributed":[94],"sensing":[95],"capabilities.":[96],"While":[97],"machine":[98,177],"learning":[99,137,157,178],"approaches":[100],"for":[101,139,227],"efficient":[102],"distribution":[103],"allocation":[105],"skills":[107],"tasks":[109],"enhanced":[111],"potential":[113],"these":[115],"systems,":[116],"they":[117],"are":[118],"still":[119],"limited":[120],"when":[121],"presented":[122],"To":[126],"move":[127],"beyond":[128],"current":[130],"limitations,":[131],"this":[132,203],"paper":[133],"advocates":[134],"incorporating":[135],"counterfactual":[136,181],"models":[138],"enable":[142,230],"ability":[146],"predict":[148],"possible":[149],"future":[150],"adjust":[153],"their":[154],"behavior.":[155],"Counterfactual":[156],"topic":[160],"that":[161,202],"has":[162],"recently":[163],"been":[164],"gaining":[165],"attention":[166],"as":[167,210],"model-agnostic":[169],"post-hoc":[171],"technique":[172],"improve":[174],"explainability":[175],"models.":[179],"Using":[180],"causality":[182],"can":[183,204,229],"also":[184],"help":[185],"gain":[186],"insights":[187],"into":[188],"unforeseen":[189],"circumstances":[190],"make":[192],"inferences":[193],"probability":[196],"desired":[198],"outcomes.":[199],"We":[200],"propose":[201],"be":[205],"used":[206],"means":[212],"guide":[214],"prepare":[216],"cope":[219],"unanticipated":[221],"environmental":[222],"conditions.":[223],"This":[224],"supplementary":[225],"support":[226],"adaptation":[228],"design":[232],"more":[234],"intelligent":[235],"address":[242],"multifaceted":[244],"characteristics":[245],"real-world":[247],"problem":[248],"domains.":[249]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-01T09:00:35.917206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
