{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386422794","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2023.1130559","title":"Argumentation and explanation in the law","display_name":"Argumentation and explanation in the law","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386422794","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2023.1130559","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37731604"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/frai.2023.1130559","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2023.1130559","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frai.2023.1130559/pdf?isPublishedV2=False","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210197006","display_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2624-8212","issn":["2624-8212"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frai.2023.1130559/pdf?isPublishedV2=False","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047729346","display_name":"Antonino Rotolo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5265-0660"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9360294","display_name":"University of Bologna","ror":"https://ror.org/01111rn36","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Antonino Rotolo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alma AI and Department of Legal Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum - Universit\u00e0 di Bologna, Bologna, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alma AI and Department of Legal Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum - Universit\u00e0 di Bologna, Bologna, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084837357","display_name":"Giovanni Sartor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2210-0398"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9360294","display_name":"University of Bologna","ror":"https://ror.org/01111rn36","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I874792244","display_name":"European University Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0031wrj91","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I874792244"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Giovanni Sartor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alma AI and Department of Legal Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum - Universit\u00e0 di Bologna, Bologna, Italy","Department of Law, European University Institute, Florence, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alma AI and Department of Legal Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum - Universit\u00e0 di Bologna, Bologna, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Law, European University Institute, Florence, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I874792244"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5047729346","https://openalex.org/A5084837357"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I874792244","https://openalex.org/I9360294"],"apc_list":{"value":1150,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1150},"apc_paid":{"value":1150,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1150},"fwci":1.2075,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83359813,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":null,"first_page":"1130559","last_page":"1130559"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10456","display_name":"Multi-Agent Systems and Negotiation","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10456","display_name":"Multi-Agent Systems and Negotiation","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13643","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Law","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11010","display_name":"Logic, Reasoning, and Knowledge","score":0.9908999800682068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/argumentation-theory","display_name":"Argumentation theory","score":0.9127905964851379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/defeasible-estate","display_name":"Defeasible estate","score":0.707472562789917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.7061684131622314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/defeasible-reasoning","display_name":"Defeasible reasoning","score":0.6676980257034302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normative","display_name":"Normative","score":0.6366478800773621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/argument","display_name":"Argument (complex analysis)","score":0.5958508849143982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5353501439094543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/connection","display_name":"Connection (principal bundle)","score":0.435587078332901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4096234142780304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.24023598432540894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.22317761182785034}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65059942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q270105","display_name":"Argumentation theory","level":2,"score":0.9127905964851379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193856179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5251100","display_name":"Defeasible estate","level":2,"score":0.707472562789917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.7061684131622314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140843580","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840067","display_name":"Defeasible reasoning","level":2,"score":0.6676980257034302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44725695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q288156","display_name":"Normative","level":2,"score":0.6366478800773621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98184364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1780131","display_name":"Argument (complex analysis)","level":2,"score":0.5958508849143982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5353501439094543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13355873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920850","display_name":"Connection (principal bundle)","level":2,"score":0.435587078332901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4096234142780304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.24023598432540894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.22317761182785034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/frai.2023.1130559","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2023.1130559","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frai.2023.1130559/pdf?isPublishedV2=False","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210197006","display_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2624-8212","issn":["2624-8212"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37731604","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37731604","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in artificial intelligence","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:cris.unibo.it:11585/961947","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11585/961947","pdf_url":"https://cris.unibo.it/bitstream/11585/961947/1/Argumentation%20and%20explanation%20in%20the%20law.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402579","display_name":"Archivio istituzionale della ricerca (Alma Mater Studiorum Universit\u00e0 di Bologna)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210117483","host_organization_name":"Istituto di Ematologia di Bologna","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117483"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10507624","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10507624","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10507624/pdf/frai-06-1130559.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Front Artif Intell","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:cadmus.eui.eu:1814/78106","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1814/78106","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196422","display_name":"Cadmus - EUI Research Repository (European University Institute)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I874792244","host_organization_name":"European University Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I874792244"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:08b55943fb804f2a8732721bf545a29f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/08b55943fb804f2a8732721bf545a29f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence, Vol 6 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/frai.2023.1130559","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2023.1130559","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frai.2023.1130559/pdf?isPublishedV2=False","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210197006","display_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2624-8212","issn":["2624-8212"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.800000011920929}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3726402898","display_name":"Computable  Law","funder_award_id":"833647","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8318064016","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Horizon","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386422794.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":81,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W175319135","https://openalex.org/W581684831","https://openalex.org/W594814077","https://openalex.org/W638193699","https://openalex.org/W916641316","https://openalex.org/W1488505771","https://openalex.org/W1504553351","https://openalex.org/W1518249528","https://openalex.org/W1564062619","https://openalex.org/W1953136326","https://openalex.org/W2003066662","https://openalex.org/W2006559750","https://openalex.org/W2009122572","https://openalex.org/W2018816844","https://openalex.org/W2024318497","https://openalex.org/W2034735942","https://openalex.org/W2073425274","https://openalex.org/W2098791425","https://openalex.org/W2104126268","https://openalex.org/W2104802723","https://openalex.org/W2109029617","https://openalex.org/W2119093471","https://openalex.org/W2120335993","https://openalex.org/W2142953387","https://openalex.org/W2167497429","https://openalex.org/W2170244904","https://openalex.org/W2340952989","https://openalex.org/W2492656955","https://openalex.org/W2538258723","https://openalex.org/W2598536962","https://openalex.org/W2617176493","https://openalex.org/W2802154012","https://openalex.org/W2901062838","https://openalex.org/W2919102920","https://openalex.org/W2940431891","https://openalex.org/W2950186649","https://openalex.org/W2954249337","https://openalex.org/W2963095307","https://openalex.org/W3086560451","https://openalex.org/W3088731911","https://openalex.org/W3107294457","https://openalex.org/W3121723351","https://openalex.org/W3159029582","https://openalex.org/W3177471157","https://openalex.org/W3185778395","https://openalex.org/W3205218762","https://openalex.org/W4210617806","https://openalex.org/W4231383638","https://openalex.org/W4231827019","https://openalex.org/W4236366835","https://openalex.org/W4236953043","https://openalex.org/W4239664074","https://openalex.org/W4241923257","https://openalex.org/W4242086445","https://openalex.org/W4243806410","https://openalex.org/W4245898181","https://openalex.org/W4250868552","https://openalex.org/W4251870049","https://openalex.org/W4293767055","https://openalex.org/W4300069470","https://openalex.org/W4302148990","https://openalex.org/W4311978794","https://openalex.org/W4312849289","https://openalex.org/W4384342501","https://openalex.org/W4386504267","https://openalex.org/W4386517532","https://openalex.org/W6613442719","https://openalex.org/W6630015246","https://openalex.org/W6658531346","https://openalex.org/W6672844265","https://openalex.org/W6676949942","https://openalex.org/W6783969739","https://openalex.org/W6788969190","https://openalex.org/W6801136219","https://openalex.org/W6801694586","https://openalex.org/W6802177305","https://openalex.org/W6842114135","https://openalex.org/W6846469968","https://openalex.org/W6847901525","https://openalex.org/W7011302336","https://openalex.org/W7071542176"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2969415202","https://openalex.org/W2540254214","https://openalex.org/W1607097899","https://openalex.org/W2810795263","https://openalex.org/W2481680351","https://openalex.org/W2380969826","https://openalex.org/W2098238158","https://openalex.org/W151947385","https://openalex.org/W2034927516","https://openalex.org/W2116363985"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"investigates":[2],"the":[3,11,23,44,53,79,89,106],"conceptual":[4,27],"connection":[5,97],"between":[6,98],"argumentation":[7,34,151],"and":[8,13,32,39,59,76,101,117,128,143],"explanation":[9,60,87,111,137],"in":[10,68,74,88,114,149],"law":[12],"provides":[14],"a":[15,49,96],"formal":[16,33,92,99],"account":[17],"of":[18,52,55,61,86,91,108,136],"it.":[19],"To":[20],"do":[21],"so,":[22],"methods":[24],"used":[25],"are":[26,41],"analysis":[28],"from":[29,35,138],"legal":[30,56,69,93,144],"theory":[31,70,145],"AI.":[36],"The":[37],"contribution":[38,123],"results":[40],"twofold.":[42],"On":[43,78],"one":[45],"hand,":[46,81],"we":[47,82],"offer":[48],"critical":[50],"reconstruction":[51],"concept":[54],"argument,":[57],"justification,":[58],"decision-making":[62],"as":[63],"it":[64,129],"has":[65],"been":[66],"elaborated":[67],"and,":[71],"above":[72],"all,":[73],"AI":[75,142],"law.":[77],"other":[80],"propose":[83],"some":[84,119],"definitions":[85],"context":[90],"argumentation,":[94],"showing":[95],"justification":[100],"explanation.":[102],"We":[103],"also":[104],"investigate":[105],"notion":[107],"stable":[109],"normative":[110],"developed":[112],"elsewhere":[113],"Defeasible":[115],"Logic":[116],"extend":[118],"complexity":[120],"results.":[121],"Our":[122],"is":[124,130],"thus":[125],"mainly":[126],"conceptual,":[127],"meant":[131],"to":[132],"show":[133],"how":[134],"notions":[135],"literature":[139],"on":[140],"explainable":[141],"can":[146],"be":[147],"modeled":[148],"an":[150],"framework":[152],"with":[153],"structured":[154],"arguments.":[155]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-13T07:58:08.660418","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}