{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4360982934","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2023.1062230","title":"A tale of two lexica: Investigating computational pressures on word representation with neural networks","display_name":"A tale of two lexica: Investigating computational pressures on word representation with neural networks","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-03-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4360982934","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2023.1062230","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37051161"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/frai.2023.1062230","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2023.1062230","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frai.2023.1062230/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210197006","display_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2624-8212","issn":["2624-8212"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frai.2023.1062230/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030576034","display_name":"Enes Avcu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5372-1774"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Enes Avcu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109578878","display_name":"Michael Hwang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Hwang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard College, Boston, MA, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard College, Boston, MA, United States","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035409483","display_name":"Kevin Brown","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2959-2401"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131249849","display_name":"Oregon State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ysfqy60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kevin Scott Brown","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and School of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and School of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060377268","display_name":"David W. Gow","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3349-7207"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092658","display_name":"Harvard\u2013MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00jjeh629","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092658"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127055","display_name":"Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging","ror":"https://ror.org/032q5ym94","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I4210127055","https://openalex.org/I48633490","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44948468","display_name":"Salem State University","ror":"https://ror.org/023qmza96","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44948468"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David W. Gow","raw_affiliation_strings":["Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States","Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States","Department of Psychology, Salem State University, Salem, MA, United States","Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Boston, MA, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I4210127055"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, Salem State University, Salem, MA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44948468"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Boston, MA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092658"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5030576034"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210087915"],"apc_list":{"value":2125,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2125},"apc_paid":{"value":2125,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2125},"fwci":0.266,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.54269632,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":null,"first_page":"1062230","last_page":"1062230"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11431","display_name":"Action Observation and Synchronization","score":0.8540999889373779,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11431","display_name":"Action Observation and Synchronization","score":0.8540999889373779,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10465","display_name":"Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism","score":0.0674000009894371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12032","display_name":"Multisensory perception and integration","score":0.019500000402331352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.6938917636871338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.6455156207084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.571395993232727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5493377447128296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.5401029586791992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.49936890602111816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.35197052359580994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.25292879343032837}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.6938917636871338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.6455156207084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.571395993232727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5493377447128296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5401029586791992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.49936890602111816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.35197052359580994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.25292879343032837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/frai.2023.1062230","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2023.1062230","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frai.2023.1062230/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210197006","display_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2624-8212","issn":["2624-8212"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37051161","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37051161","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in artificial intelligence","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10083378","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10083378","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10083378/pdf/frai-06-1062230.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Front Artif Intell","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3febf8ea0aeb49c793564776a9a6e5b7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3febf8ea0aeb49c793564776a9a6e5b7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence, Vol 6 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/frai.2023.1062230","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2023.1062230","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frai.2023.1062230/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210197006","display_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2624-8212","issn":["2624-8212"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.6700000166893005,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1648032993","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01 DC015455","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337352","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3748049081","display_name":"Collaborative Research: CompCog: Psychological, Computational, and Neural Adequacy in a Deep Learning Model of Human Speech Recognition","funder_award_id":"2043903","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337352","display_name":"National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders","ror":"https://ror.org/04mhx6838"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4360982934.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":141,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W61757119","https://openalex.org/W266716723","https://openalex.org/W1490117447","https://openalex.org/W1620512842","https://openalex.org/W1647671624","https://openalex.org/W1965248225","https://openalex.org/W1973678590","https://openalex.org/W1975849605","https://openalex.org/W1982197468","https://openalex.org/W1984349698","https://openalex.org/W1991216449","https://openalex.org/W1992939348","https://openalex.org/W2005205232","https://openalex.org/W2005369157","https://openalex.org/W2005708641","https://openalex.org/W2014549005","https://openalex.org/W2016381774","https://openalex.org/W2021237916","https://openalex.org/W2022856253","https://openalex.org/W2022894884","https://openalex.org/W2023349391","https://openalex.org/W2028185090","https://openalex.org/W2034515263","https://openalex.org/W2037108510","https://openalex.org/W2040015477","https://openalex.org/W2044771615","https://openalex.org/W2045650475","https://openalex.org/W2049419997","https://openalex.org/W2051771647","https://openalex.org/W2052986837","https://openalex.org/W2057020992","https://openalex.org/W2058616551","https://openalex.org/W2062118960","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2066530833","https://openalex.org/W2068058320","https://openalex.org/W2068895256","https://openalex.org/W2070586582","https://openalex.org/W2073565062","https://openalex.org/W2077804127","https://openalex.org/W2079207700","https://openalex.org/W2084761863","https://openalex.org/W2088824083","https://openalex.org/W2089684321","https://openalex.org/W2093113902","https://openalex.org/W2093527506","https://openalex.org/W2097076392","https://openalex.org/W2098386076","https://openalex.org/W2100509922","https://openalex.org/W2101194178","https://openalex.org/W2101234009","https://openalex.org/W2104660809","https://openalex.org/W2104741941","https://openalex.org/W2105954395","https://openalex.org/W2107878631","https://openalex.org/W2109023847","https://openalex.org/W2110114082","https://openalex.org/W2110485445","https://openalex.org/W2112842471","https://openalex.org/W2113161936","https://openalex.org/W2122322185","https://openalex.org/W2123341385","https://openalex.org/W2123812988","https://openalex.org/W2126110252","https://openalex.org/W2128494957","https://openalex.org/W2128870637","https://openalex.org/W2132344070","https://openalex.org/W2134273450","https://openalex.org/W2135704565","https://openalex.org/W2136612410","https://openalex.org/W2137111266","https://openalex.org/W2137754193","https://openalex.org/W2140602251","https://openalex.org/W2141504882","https://openalex.org/W2143612262","https://openalex.org/W2144161366","https://openalex.org/W2148332835","https://openalex.org/W2149006629","https://openalex.org/W2154517380","https://openalex.org/W2158910967","https://openalex.org/W2161767310","https://openalex.org/W2162833336","https://openalex.org/W2163922914","https://openalex.org/W2164661569","https://openalex.org/W2176287621","https://openalex.org/W2191779130","https://openalex.org/W2251803266","https://openalex.org/W2274405424","https://openalex.org/W2415973339","https://openalex.org/W2503504537","https://openalex.org/W2552723933","https://openalex.org/W2596571937","https://openalex.org/W2622566932","https://openalex.org/W2763088512","https://openalex.org/W2766235997","https://openalex.org/W2800311957","https://openalex.org/W2896084542","https://openalex.org/W2908124316","https://openalex.org/W2915130814","https://openalex.org/W2919093153","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2922023527","https://openalex.org/W2951065015","https://openalex.org/W2951506741","https://openalex.org/W2951940613","https://openalex.org/W2962949934","https://openalex.org/W2963305465","https://openalex.org/W2964121744","https://openalex.org/W3016185014","https://openalex.org/W3035965352","https://openalex.org/W3095319910","https://openalex.org/W3099878876","https://openalex.org/W3100035092","https://openalex.org/W3106224614","https://openalex.org/W3108490213","https://openalex.org/W3140196993","https://openalex.org/W3183248212","https://openalex.org/W3205578964","https://openalex.org/W3211949750","https://openalex.org/W4206965408","https://openalex.org/W4212828284","https://openalex.org/W4214537939","https://openalex.org/W4214543689","https://openalex.org/W4220979723","https://openalex.org/W4225899846","https://openalex.org/W4255203228","https://openalex.org/W4302184001","https://openalex.org/W4307979480","https://openalex.org/W4315977525","https://openalex.org/W4317567565","https://openalex.org/W6636510571","https://openalex.org/W6636915900","https://openalex.org/W6638838576","https://openalex.org/W6666023844","https://openalex.org/W6675354045","https://openalex.org/W6681513673","https://openalex.org/W6691678659","https://openalex.org/W6739901393","https://openalex.org/W6755207826","https://openalex.org/W6766955419","https://openalex.org/W6778883912"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2062195135","https://openalex.org/W1569283511","https://openalex.org/W2795079307","https://openalex.org/W2391251536","https://openalex.org/W2793058541","https://openalex.org/W2362198218","https://openalex.org/W1983629434","https://openalex.org/W2019521278","https://openalex.org/W1984922432","https://openalex.org/W2296205523"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Introduction:":[0],"The":[1],"notion":[2],"of":[3,8,26,51,67,86,183,199,210],"a":[4,48,125,184,203],"single":[5],"localized":[6],"store":[7],"word":[9,68,200],"representations":[10,158,174],"has":[11,18],"become":[12],"increasingly":[13],"less":[14],"plausible":[15],"as":[16],"evidence":[17],"accumulated":[19],"for":[20,56,138],"the":[21,61,64,71,83,105,115,135,149,190,196,208,211,214],"widely":[22],"distributed":[23],"neural":[24,101],"representation":[25,69,201],"wordform":[27,57],"grounded":[28],"in":[29,70,113],"motor,":[30],"perceptual,":[31],"and":[32,43,89,94,109,119,121,143,180],"conceptual":[33],"processes.":[34],"Here,":[35],"we":[36,193],"attempt":[37],"to":[38,46,148,176],"combine":[39],"machine":[40,185],"learning":[41],"methods":[42],"neurobiological":[44],"frameworks":[45],"propose":[47],"computational":[49,77,204],"model":[50],"brain":[52,72,216],"systems":[53],"potentially":[54],"responsible":[55],"representation.":[58],"We":[59,97],"tested":[60],"hypothesis":[62,80],"that":[63,99,171,195,213],"functional":[65,197],"specialization":[66,198],"is":[73],"driven":[74],"partly":[75],"by":[76],"optimization.":[78],"This":[79],"directly":[81],"addresses":[82],"unique":[84],"problem":[85],"mapping":[87,92,106,116,140],"sound":[88,93,108,118,142],"articulation":[90,110],"vs.":[91],"meaning.":[95],"Results:":[96],"found":[98],"artificial":[100],"networks":[102,155],"trained":[103,127],"on":[104,128],"between":[107,117,141],"performed":[111],"poorly":[112],"recognizing":[114],"meaning":[120],"vice":[122],"versa.":[123],"Moreover,":[124],"network":[126],"both":[129],"tasks":[130,212],"simultaneously":[131],"could":[132],"not":[133],"discover":[134],"features":[136],"required":[137],"efficient":[139],"higher-level":[144],"cognitive":[145],"states":[146],"compared":[147],"other":[150],"two":[151],"models.":[152],"Furthermore,":[153],"these":[154,168],"developed":[156],"internal":[157],"reflecting":[159],"specialized":[160],"task-optimized":[161],"functions":[162],"without":[163],"explicit":[164],"training.":[165],"Discussion:":[166],"Together,":[167],"findings":[169],"demonstrate":[170],"different":[172],"task-directed":[173],"lead":[175],"more":[177],"focused":[178],"responses":[179],"better":[181],"performance":[182],"or":[186],"algorithm":[187],"and,":[188],"hypothetically,":[189],"brain.":[191],"Thus,":[192],"imply":[194],"mirrors":[202],"optimization":[205],"strategy":[206],"given":[207],"nature":[209],"human":[215],"faces.":[217]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-01T09:00:35.917206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}