{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4403464549","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fninf.2024.1378281","title":"Early detection of mild cognitive impairment through neuropsychological tests in population screenings: a decision support system integrating ontologies and machine learning","display_name":"Early detection of mild cognitive impairment through neuropsychological tests in population screenings: a decision support system integrating ontologies and machine learning","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-10-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4403464549","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fninf.2024.1378281","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39478874"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fninf.2024.1378281","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fninf.2024.1378281","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S179816892","display_name":"Frontiers in Neuroinformatics","issn_l":"1662-5196","issn":["1662-5196"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Neuroinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fninf.2024.1378281","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027362283","display_name":"Alba G\u00f3mez-Valad\u00e9s","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6855-1042"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I178450904","display_name":"Universidad Nacional de Educaci\u00f3n a Distancia","ror":"https://ror.org/02msb5n36","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I178450904"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alba G\u00f3mez-Valad\u00e9s","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Artificial Intelligence, Universidad Nacional de Educaci\u00f3n a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Artificial Intelligence, Universidad Nacional de Educaci\u00f3n a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178450904"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042044535","display_name":"Rafael Mart\u00ednez\u2010Tom\u00e1s","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4706-7168"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I178450904","display_name":"Universidad Nacional de Educaci\u00f3n a Distancia","ror":"https://ror.org/02msb5n36","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I178450904"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rafael Mart\u00ednez-Tom\u00e1s","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Artificial Intelligence, Universidad Nacional de Educaci\u00f3n a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Artificial Intelligence, Universidad Nacional de Educaci\u00f3n a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178450904"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063915957","display_name":"Sara Garc\u00eda\u2010Herranz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4593-0776"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I178450904","display_name":"Universidad Nacional de Educaci\u00f3n a Distancia","ror":"https://ror.org/02msb5n36","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I178450904"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sara Garc\u00eda-Herranz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cogni-UNED Research Group, Faculty of Psychology, UNED, Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cogni-UNED Research Group, Faculty of Psychology, UNED, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178450904"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063053273","display_name":"Atle Bj\u00f8rnerud","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3486-3141"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1281400175","display_name":"Oslo University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00j9c2840","country_code":"NO","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1281400175"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184942183","display_name":"University of Oslo","ror":"https://ror.org/01xtthb56","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Atle Bj\u00f8rnerud","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computational Radiology and Artificial Intelligence Unit, Department of Physics and Computational Radiology, Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway","Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computational Radiology and Artificial Intelligence Unit, Department of Physics and Computational Radiology, Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1281400175"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089892636","display_name":"M. Rinc\u00f3n","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0138-4662"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I178450904","display_name":"Universidad Nacional de Educaci\u00f3n a Distancia","ror":"https://ror.org/02msb5n36","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I178450904"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mariano Rinc\u00f3n","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Artificial Intelligence, Universidad Nacional de Educaci\u00f3n a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Artificial Intelligence, Universidad Nacional de Educaci\u00f3n a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178450904"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5027362283"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178450904"],"apc_list":{"value":3295,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3295},"apc_paid":{"value":3295,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3295},"fwci":0.1555,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.4990278,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":null,"first_page":"1378281","last_page":"1378281"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10009","display_name":"Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research","score":0.9850000143051147,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.9444000124931335,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ontology","display_name":"Ontology","score":0.743151843547821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7019369602203369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5938420295715332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/standardization","display_name":"Standardization","score":0.5880630016326904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuropsychology","display_name":"Neuropsychology","score":0.5780781507492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5472679734230042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.5369434356689453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-support-system","display_name":"Decision support system","score":0.4485005736351013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.3655303418636322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.3530839681625366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3340904712677002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.13350960612297058}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25810664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44325","display_name":"Ontology","level":2,"score":0.743151843547821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7019369602203369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5938420295715332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188087704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q369577","display_name":"Standardization","level":2,"score":0.5880630016326904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14216870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3872","display_name":"Neuropsychology","level":3,"score":0.5780781507492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5472679734230042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5369434356689453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107327155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q330268","display_name":"Decision support system","level":2,"score":0.4485005736351013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3655303418636322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.3530839681625366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3340904712677002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.13350960612297058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fninf.2024.1378281","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fninf.2024.1378281","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S179816892","display_name":"Frontiers in Neuroinformatics","issn_l":"1662-5196","issn":["1662-5196"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Neuroinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:39478874","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39478874","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in neuroinformatics","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:e-spacio.uned.es:20.500.14468/24755","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14468/24755","pdf_url":"https://e-spacio.uned.es/bitstreams/7d23e82c-33cb-44c3-b913-4147e37ea940/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055166","display_name":"UNED repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"journal article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11522961","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11522961","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11522961/pdf/fninf-18-1378281.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Front Neuroinform","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:fe29bfeee79b4261a0c7dcbfdc8a8112","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/fe29bfeee79b4261a0c7dcbfdc8a8112","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Neuroinformatics, Vol 18 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fninf.2024.1378281","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fninf.2024.1378281","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S179816892","display_name":"Frontiers in Neuroinformatics","issn_l":"1662-5196","issn":["1662-5196"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Neuroinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.6499999761581421}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W200792414","https://openalex.org/W1507463156","https://openalex.org/W1722596898","https://openalex.org/W1827530491","https://openalex.org/W1963487177","https://openalex.org/W1971351343","https://openalex.org/W1974896839","https://openalex.org/W2045961624","https://openalex.org/W2049340297","https://openalex.org/W2101234009","https://openalex.org/W2111746072","https://openalex.org/W2112519660","https://openalex.org/W2118420309","https://openalex.org/W2122328291","https://openalex.org/W2133733826","https://openalex.org/W2140076070","https://openalex.org/W2154829072","https://openalex.org/W2157193293","https://openalex.org/W2163025055","https://openalex.org/W2167056249","https://openalex.org/W2167220375","https://openalex.org/W2261812172","https://openalex.org/W2283955804","https://openalex.org/W2400980259","https://openalex.org/W2750523975","https://openalex.org/W2752381652","https://openalex.org/W2786815815","https://openalex.org/W2801544021","https://openalex.org/W2803216500","https://openalex.org/W2806825704","https://openalex.org/W2944178339","https://openalex.org/W2966590054","https://openalex.org/W2989646516","https://openalex.org/W2996035832","https://openalex.org/W3080951636","https://openalex.org/W3092613928","https://openalex.org/W3119451075","https://openalex.org/W3128111279","https://openalex.org/W3195192326","https://openalex.org/W3196782877","https://openalex.org/W4220916743","https://openalex.org/W4236358448","https://openalex.org/W4282979648","https://openalex.org/W4289865901","https://openalex.org/W4292373795","https://openalex.org/W4309077608","https://openalex.org/W4311053242","https://openalex.org/W4327766721"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2378767206","https://openalex.org/W1540871478","https://openalex.org/W328308450","https://openalex.org/W282641168","https://openalex.org/W2376963063","https://openalex.org/W2066396794","https://openalex.org/W2366734808","https://openalex.org/W2391444248","https://openalex.org/W2390716080","https://openalex.org/W2355065378"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Machine":[0],"learning":[1,62],"(ML)":[2],"methodologies":[3],"for":[4,228],"detecting":[5],"Mild":[6],"Cognitive":[7],"Impairment":[8],"(MCI)":[9],"are":[10],"progressively":[11],"gaining":[12],"prevalence":[13],"to":[14,87,114,125,151,156,210,220],"manage":[15],"the":[16,23,30,33,51,66,81,111,121,157,161,164,184,201,207],"vast":[17],"volume":[18],"of":[19,26,53,96,169,179,196,206,231],"processed":[20],"information.":[21],"Nevertheless,":[22],"black-box":[24],"nature":[25],"ML":[27,108,128],"algorithms":[28],"and":[29,103,148,167,204,223],"heterogeneity":[31],"within":[32],"data":[34,149],"may":[35],"result":[36],"in":[37,46,72,78,101,225],"varied":[38],"interpretations":[39],"across":[40],"distinct":[41],"studies.":[42],"To":[43],"avoid":[44],"this,":[45],"this":[47],"proposal,":[48],"we":[49],"present":[50],"design":[52],"a":[54,60,94,152,197,217],"decision":[55],"support":[56,221],"system":[57,122],"that":[58,120],"integrates":[59],"machine":[61],"model":[63],"represented":[64],"using":[65],"Semantic":[67],"Web":[68],"Rule":[69],"Language":[70],"(SWRL)":[71],"an":[73],"ontology":[74,208],"with":[75,105,173],"specialized":[76],"knowledge":[77],"neuropsychological":[79,98],"tests,":[80],"NIO":[82],"ontology.":[83],"The":[84],"system\u2019s":[85,165],"ability":[86],"detect":[88],"MCI":[89],"subjects":[90],"was":[91],"evaluated":[92],"on":[93],"database":[95,199],"520":[97],"assessments":[99],"conducted":[100],"Spanish":[102],"compared":[104],"other":[106,126,141,162],"well-established":[107,127],"methods.":[109],"Using":[110],"F2":[112],"coefficient":[113],"minimize":[115],"false":[116],"negatives,":[117],"results":[118],"indicate":[119],"performs":[123],"similarly":[124],"methods":[129],"(F2TE2":[130],"=":[131,137],"0.830,":[132],"only":[133],"below":[134],"bagging,":[135],"F2BAG":[136],"0.832)":[138],"while":[139],"exhibiting":[140],"significant":[142],"attributes":[143],"such":[144],"as":[145],"explanation":[146],"capability":[147],"standardization":[150],"common":[153],"framework":[154],"thanks":[155],"ontological":[158],"part.":[159],"On":[160],"hand,":[163],"versatility":[166],"ease":[168],"use":[170,176,205],"were":[171],"demonstrated":[172],"three":[174],"additional":[175],"cases:":[177],"evaluation":[178],"new":[180,198],"cases":[181],"even":[182],"if":[183],"acquisition":[185],"stage":[186],"is":[187],"incomplete":[188],"(the":[189],"case":[190],"records":[191],"have":[192],"missing":[193],"values),":[194],"incorporation":[195],"into":[200],"integrated":[202],"system,":[203],"capabilities":[209],"relate":[211],"different":[212],"domains.":[213],"This":[214],"makes":[215],"it":[216],"useful":[218],"tool":[219],"physicians":[222],"neuropsychologists":[224],"population-based":[226],"screenings":[227],"early":[229],"detection":[230],"MCI.":[232]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-28T12:50:07.497085","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}