{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4321087841","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fninf.2023.1074653","title":"A study on the clusterability of latent representations in image pipelines","display_name":"A study on the clusterability of latent representations in image pipelines","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-02-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4321087841","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fninf.2023.1074653","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36873564"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fninf.2023.1074653","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fninf.2023.1074653","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fninf.2023.1074653/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S179816892","display_name":"Frontiers in Neuroinformatics","issn_l":"1662-5196","issn":["1662-5196"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Neuroinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fninf.2023.1074653/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078120829","display_name":"Adrian Wheeldon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4672-5990"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Adrian Wheeldon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Electronics Frontiers, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Electronics Frontiers, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017301291","display_name":"Alexander Serb","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8034-2398"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Serb","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Electronics Frontiers, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Electronics Frontiers, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5078120829"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"],"apc_list":{"value":2950,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2950},"apc_paid":{"value":2950,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2950},"fwci":0.2388,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.48426081,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":null,"first_page":"1074653","last_page":"1074653"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.813109278678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autoencoder","display_name":"Autoencoder","score":0.6951216459274292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bridge","display_name":"Bridge (graph theory)","score":0.6648336052894592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.6037253737449646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/component","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","score":0.558955729007721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5554637312889099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5485192537307739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5214276313781738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.32896527647972107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.2945707440376282}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.813109278678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101738243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786435","display_name":"Autoencoder","level":3,"score":0.6951216459274292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100776233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2532492","display_name":"Bridge (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.6648336052894592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.6037253737449646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.558955729007721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5554637312889099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5485192537307739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5214276313781738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.32896527647972107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.2945707440376282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fninf.2023.1074653","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fninf.2023.1074653","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fninf.2023.1074653/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S179816892","display_name":"Frontiers in Neuroinformatics","issn_l":"1662-5196","issn":["1662-5196"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Neuroinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36873564","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36873564","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in neuroinformatics","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9978803","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9978803","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9978803/pdf/fninf-17-1074653.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Front Neuroinform","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b051a7f11e994be1b0acec13f0aa2cef","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b051a7f11e994be1b0acec13f0aa2cef","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Neuroinformatics, Vol 17 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fninf.2023.1074653","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fninf.2023.1074653","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fninf.2023.1074653/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S179816892","display_name":"Frontiers in Neuroinformatics","issn_l":"1662-5196","issn":["1662-5196"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Neuroinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8999999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3797530800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/V008242/2","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G403601292","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/R024642/2","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5054303892","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/V008242/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6097759542","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/R024642/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6224142795","display_name":"Autonomous NAnotech GRAph Memory (ANAGRAM)","funder_award_id":"EP/V008242/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8452545418","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"unknown","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4321087841.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4321087841.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1573706465","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2946432794","https://openalex.org/W2987377479","https://openalex.org/W3019791076","https://openalex.org/W3094277857","https://openalex.org/W3105115497","https://openalex.org/W3175281730","https://openalex.org/W6780360855","https://openalex.org/W6797484047"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3013693939","https://openalex.org/W2566616303","https://openalex.org/W2159052453","https://openalex.org/W3131327266","https://openalex.org/W2734887215","https://openalex.org/W2803255133","https://openalex.org/W4297051394","https://openalex.org/W2752972570","https://openalex.org/W4386815338","https://openalex.org/W2145836866"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Latent":[0],"representations":[1,24,96],"are":[2,103],"a":[3,37],"necessary":[4],"component":[5],"of":[6,17,66,82,117],"cognitive":[7,55,119],"artificial":[8],"intelligence":[9],"(AI)":[10],"systems.":[11],"Here,":[12],"we":[13],"investigate":[14],"the":[15,52,115],"performance":[16,81],"various":[18],"sequential":[19,48],"clustering":[20,49],"algorithms":[21],"on":[22],"latent":[23,95],"generated":[25],"by":[26],"autoencoder":[27],"and":[28,45,74,79],"convolutional":[29],"neural":[30],"network":[31],"(CNN)":[32],"models.":[33],"We":[34],"also":[35],"introduce":[36,110],"new":[38],"algorithm,":[39],"called":[40],"Collage,":[41],"which":[42,97],"brings":[43],"views":[44],"concepts":[46],"into":[47,70],"to":[50,61,105],"bridge":[51],"gap":[53],"with":[54],"AI.":[56],"The":[57],"algorithm":[58],"is":[59],"designed":[60],"reduce":[62],"memory":[63],"requirements,":[64],"numbers":[65],"operations":[67],"(which":[68],"translate":[69],"hardware":[71],"clock":[72],"cycles)":[73],"thus":[75],"improve":[76],"energy,":[77],"speed":[78],"area":[80],"an":[83],"accelerator":[84],"for":[85],"running":[86],"said":[87],"algorithm.":[88],"Results":[89],"show":[90],"that":[91],"plain":[92],"autoencoders":[93],"produce":[94],"have":[98],"large":[99],"inter-cluster":[100],"overlaps.":[101],"CNNs":[102],"shown":[104],"solve":[106],"this":[107],"problem,":[108],"however":[109],"their":[111],"own":[112],"problems":[113],"in":[114],"context":[116],"generalized":[118],"pipelines.":[120]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}