{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391945775","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fncom.2024.1341234","title":"Football referee gesture recognition algorithm based on YOLOv8s","display_name":"Football referee gesture recognition algorithm based on YOLOv8s","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-02-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391945775","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fncom.2024.1341234","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38440133"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fncom.2024.1341234","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fncom.2024.1341234","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fncom.2024.1341234/pdf?isPublishedV2=False","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S19778766","display_name":"Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience","issn_l":"1662-5188","issn":["1662-5188"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fncom.2024.1341234/pdf?isPublishedV2=False","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100393855","display_name":"Zhiyuan Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1738-6096"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87710204","display_name":"Beijing Sport University","ror":"https://ror.org/03w0k0x36","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87710204"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiyuan Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Sport Engineering, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Sport Engineering, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87710204"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011432674","display_name":"Yuanyuan Shen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87710204","display_name":"Beijing Sport University","ror":"https://ror.org/03w0k0x36","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87710204"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanyuan Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Sport Engineering, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Sport Engineering, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87710204"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yuanyuan Shen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87710204","display_name":"Beijing Sport University","ror":"https://ror.org/03w0k0x36","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87710204"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yuanyuan Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Sport Engineering, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Sport Engineering, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87710204"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yanfei Shen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87710204","display_name":"Beijing Sport University","ror":"https://ror.org/03w0k0x36","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87710204"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yanfei Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Sport Engineering, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Sport Engineering, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87710204"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yanfei Shen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87710204","display_name":"Beijing Sport University","ror":"https://ror.org/03w0k0x36","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87710204"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanfei Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Sport Engineering, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Sport Engineering, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87710204"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87710204"],"apc_list":{"value":3295,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3295},"apc_paid":{"value":3295,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3295},"fwci":1.8026,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85066221,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":null,"first_page":"1341234","last_page":"1341234"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10812","display_name":"Human Pose and Action Recognition","score":0.9886000156402588,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10812","display_name":"Human Pose and Action Recognition","score":0.9886000156402588,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":0.984499990940094,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11439","display_name":"Video Analysis and Summarization","score":0.9805999994277954,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/football","display_name":"Football","score":0.7392185926437378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6527450084686279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gesture","display_name":"Gesture","score":0.6296285390853882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gesture-recognition","display_name":"Gesture recognition","score":0.4867589473724365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.4717484414577484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.41616231203079224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.07558688521385193}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778444522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1081491","display_name":"Football","level":2,"score":0.7392185926437378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6527450084686279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207347870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371174","display_name":"Gesture","level":2,"score":0.6296285390853882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159437735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1519524","display_name":"Gesture recognition","level":3,"score":0.4867589473724365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.4717484414577484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.41616231203079224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.07558688521385193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fncom.2024.1341234","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fncom.2024.1341234","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fncom.2024.1341234/pdf?isPublishedV2=False","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S19778766","display_name":"Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience","issn_l":"1662-5188","issn":["1662-5188"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38440133","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38440133","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in computational neuroscience","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10910025","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10910025","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10910025/pdf/fncom-18-1341234.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Front Comput Neurosci","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9f718bf6c113448498c99589b30234ee","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9f718bf6c113448498c99589b30234ee","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience, Vol 18 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fncom.2024.1341234","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fncom.2024.1341234","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fncom.2024.1341234/pdf?isPublishedV2=False","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S19778766","display_name":"Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience","issn_l":"1662-5188","issn":["1662-5188"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.5}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G169551333","display_name":"\u65f6\u7a7a\u6570\u636e\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u56e2\u4f53\u8fd0\u52a8\u8868\u73b0\u5206\u6790\u4e0e\u8bc4\u4ef7\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"72071018","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7922612138","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018YFC2000600","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4391945775.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W2051469172","https://openalex.org/W2109255472","https://openalex.org/W2111261315","https://openalex.org/W2149109091","https://openalex.org/W2752691944","https://openalex.org/W2765905701","https://openalex.org/W2800140583","https://openalex.org/W2913361871","https://openalex.org/W2984660132","https://openalex.org/W3048782549","https://openalex.org/W3049495902","https://openalex.org/W3084798277","https://openalex.org/W3102710196","https://openalex.org/W3111202718","https://openalex.org/W3122173535","https://openalex.org/W3157903123","https://openalex.org/W3192983568","https://openalex.org/W3201850990","https://openalex.org/W3217544650","https://openalex.org/W4319450756","https://openalex.org/W4319844015","https://openalex.org/W4368275863","https://openalex.org/W4386076325","https://openalex.org/W6769876627","https://openalex.org/W6779586474"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2902873204","https://openalex.org/W2185750513","https://openalex.org/W2010878661","https://openalex.org/W3147379364","https://openalex.org/W2026258298","https://openalex.org/W3204639664","https://openalex.org/W2970836791","https://openalex.org/W2805039731","https://openalex.org/W2989699735","https://openalex.org/W4322710567"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Gesture":[0],"serves":[1],"as":[2,37],"a":[3,52,65,74,93,115,135,138,171,199,204,209,215],"crucial":[4],"means":[5],"of":[6,30,130,173,202,207,212,218,232],"communication":[7],"between":[8,11],"individuals":[9],"and":[10,13,28,33,41,83,109,190,214,227],"humans":[12],"machines.":[14],"In":[15],"football":[16,45,248],"matches,":[17],"referees":[18],"communicate":[19],"judgment":[20],"information":[21],"through":[22],"gestures.":[23],"Due":[24],"to":[25,88,100,105,126,154],"the":[26,38,102,106,111,123,128,144,160,233],"diversity":[27],"complexity":[29],"referees'":[31],"gestures":[32,108,176],"interference":[34],"factors,":[35],"such":[36],"players,":[39],"spectators,":[40],"camera":[42],"angles,":[43],"automated":[44,244],"referee":[46],"gesture":[47,245],"recognition":[48,246],"(FRGR)":[49],"has":[50,240],"become":[51],"challenging":[53],"task.":[54],"The":[55,180,195,237],"existing":[56,188],"methods":[57],"based":[58,78,142],"on":[59,79,143,170],"visual":[60],"sensors":[61],"often":[62],"cannot":[63],"provide":[64],"satisfactory":[66],"performance.":[67],"To":[68],"tackle":[69],"FRGR":[70],"problems,":[71],"we":[72],"develop":[73],"deep":[75],"learning":[76],"model":[77,125],"YOLOv8s.":[80],"Three":[81],"improving":[82],"optimizing":[84],"strategies":[85],"are":[86,168,222],"integrated":[87,121],"solve":[89],"these":[90],"problems.":[91],"First,":[92],"Global":[94],"Attention":[95],"Mechanism":[96],"(GAM)":[97],"is":[98,120,152],"employed":[99],"direct":[101],"model's":[103],"attention":[104],"hand":[107,175],"minimize":[110],"background":[112],"interference.":[113],"Second,":[114],"P2":[116],"detection":[117],"head":[118],"structure":[119],"into":[122],"YOLOv8s":[124],"enhance":[127],"accuracy":[129],"detecting":[131],"smaller":[132],"objects":[133],"at":[134],"distance.":[136],"Third,":[137],"new":[139],"loss":[140],"function":[141],"Minimum":[145],"Point":[146],"Distance":[147],"Intersection":[148],"over":[149],"Union":[150],"(MPDIoU)":[151],"used":[153],"effectively":[155],"utilize":[156],"anchor":[157],"boxes":[158],"with":[159,185],"same":[161],"shape,":[162],"but":[163],"different":[164,187,192],"sizes.":[165],"Finally,":[166],"experiments":[167],"executed":[169],"dataset":[172],"six":[174],"among":[177],"1,200":[178],"images.":[179],"proposed":[181,196,238],"method":[182,197,239],"was":[183],"compared":[184],"seven":[186],"models":[189],"10":[191],"optimization":[193],"models.":[194],"achieves":[198],"precision":[200],"rate":[201,206,211,217],"89.3%,":[203],"recall":[205],"88.9%,":[208],"mAP@0.5":[210],"89.9%,":[213],"mAP@0.5:0.95":[216],"77.3%.":[219],"These":[220],"rates":[221],"approximately":[223],"1.4%,":[224],"2.0%,":[225],"1.1%,":[226],"5.4%":[228],"better":[229],"than":[230],"those":[231],"newest":[234],"YOLOv8s,":[235],"respectively.":[236],"right":[241],"prospect":[242],"in":[243],"for":[247],"matches.":[249]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-26T07:53:14.480251","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}