{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2995170818","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fncom.2019.00084","title":"Multi-Disease Segmentation of Gliomas and White Matter Hyperintensities in the BraTS Data Using a 3D Convolutional Neural Network","display_name":"Multi-Disease Segmentation of Gliomas and White Matter Hyperintensities in the BraTS Data Using a 3D Convolutional Neural Network","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-12-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2995170818","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fncom.2019.00084","mag":"2995170818","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31920609"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fncom.2019.00084","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fncom.2019.00084","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fncom.2019.00084/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S19778766","display_name":"Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience","issn_l":"1662-5188","issn":["1662-5188"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fncom.2019.00084/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078562544","display_name":"Jeffrey D. Rudie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8609-8421"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180670191","display_name":"University of California, San Francisco","ror":"https://ror.org/043mz5j54","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jeffrey D. Rudie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States","Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057716539","display_name":"David Wei\u00df","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7494-2987"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David A. Weiss","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048402168","display_name":"Rachit Saluja","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2567-9465"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rachit Saluja","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029857320","display_name":"Andreas M. Rauschecker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0633-9876"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180670191","display_name":"University of California, San Francisco","ror":"https://ror.org/043mz5j54","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andreas M. Rauschecker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101657016","display_name":"Jiancong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3455-7750"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiancong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057767934","display_name":"Leo P. Sugrue","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7315-4519"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180670191","display_name":"University of California, San Francisco","ror":"https://ror.org/043mz5j54","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leo Sugrue","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043497448","display_name":"Spyridon Bakas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8734-6482"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Spyridon Bakas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States","Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States","Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079851497","display_name":"John B. Colby","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8816-711X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180670191","display_name":"University of California, San Francisco","ror":"https://ror.org/043mz5j54","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John B. Colby","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5078562544"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180670191","https://openalex.org/I79576946"],"apc_list":{"value":2950,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2950},"apc_paid":{"value":2950,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2950},"fwci":2.5165,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":43,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89944562,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"84","last_page":"84"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12702","display_name":"Brain Tumor Detection and Classification","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12702","display_name":"Brain Tumor Detection and Classification","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10052","display_name":"Medical Image Segmentation Techniques","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperintensity","display_name":"Hyperintensity","score":0.673076868057251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fluid-attenuated-inversion-recovery","display_name":"Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery","score":0.623892605304718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.5414682626724243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.504327654838562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/white-matter","display_name":"White matter","score":0.4943816661834717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetic-resonance-imaging","display_name":"Magnetic resonance imaging","score":0.4540005028247833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.35647597908973694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiology","display_name":"Radiology","score":0.3196353018283844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3191978633403778}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146638467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10529587","display_name":"Hyperintensity","level":3,"score":0.673076868057251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101070640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3737215","display_name":"Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery","level":3,"score":0.623892605304718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5414682626724243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.504327654838562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781192897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q822050","display_name":"White matter","level":3,"score":0.4943816661834717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143409427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161238","display_name":"Magnetic resonance imaging","level":2,"score":0.4540005028247833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.35647597908973694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.3196353018283844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3191978633403778}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fncom.2019.00084","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fncom.2019.00084","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fncom.2019.00084/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S19778766","display_name":"Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience","issn_l":"1662-5188","issn":["1662-5188"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:31920609","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31920609","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in computational neuroscience","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:ark:/13030/qt899087m6","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:651c0143c4fe4aeaad458c0373bcc6a1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/651c0143c4fe4aeaad458c0373bcc6a1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience, Vol 13 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt899087m6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/899087m6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience, vol 13","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6933520","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6933520","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Front Comput Neurosci","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fncom.2019.00084","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fncom.2019.00084","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fncom.2019.00084/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S19778766","display_name":"Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience","issn_l":"1662-5188","issn":["1662-5188"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","score":0.5,"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1385708613","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01NS042645","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337359","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1927538678","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NIH/NINDS:R01NS042645","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2248821140","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NINDS:R01NS042645","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337359","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2686005851","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01NS042645","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3000346337","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NINDS:R01NS042645","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3354284890","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NIBIB","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3632968720","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"T32-EB001631-14","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337363","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3729720161","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01NS04264","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337359","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3887913476","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"T32 EB004311","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4005507774","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"T32-EB001631","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337363","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4253742655","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EB004311","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4440181340","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CA189523","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5040852534","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U24CA189523","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5051906653","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NIH/NCI:U24CA189523","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5646067892","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U24CA189523","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5749507728","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"T32 EB004311-10","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337363","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6012472348","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NCI:U24CA189523","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7296480398","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01NS042645","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7462292388","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U24CA189523","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337359","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309370","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309480","display_name":"Nvidia","ror":"https://ror.org/03jdj4y14"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332622","display_name":"University of California, San Francisco","ror":"https://ror.org/043mz5j54"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","display_name":"National Cancer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/040gcmg81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337359","display_name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","ror":"https://ror.org/01s5ya894"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337363","display_name":"National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering","ror":"https://ror.org/00372qc85"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2995170818.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2995170818.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1641498739","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1987869189","https://openalex.org/W1995642009","https://openalex.org/W2037316890","https://openalex.org/W2083927153","https://openalex.org/W2102605133","https://openalex.org/W2106235379","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2127890285","https://openalex.org/W2156717321","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2164300905","https://openalex.org/W2300209210","https://openalex.org/W2464708700","https://openalex.org/W2471406153","https://openalex.org/W2549949175","https://openalex.org/W2605717159","https://openalex.org/W2607166254","https://openalex.org/W2738724892","https://openalex.org/W2743501370","https://openalex.org/W2751069891","https://openalex.org/W2767236661","https://openalex.org/W2767623272","https://openalex.org/W2783923767","https://openalex.org/W2787769342","https://openalex.org/W2794728619","https://openalex.org/W2795672870","https://openalex.org/W2802159733","https://openalex.org/W2803449356","https://openalex.org/W2884561390","https://openalex.org/W2890354008","https://openalex.org/W2900298334","https://openalex.org/W2905399995","https://openalex.org/W2912704013","https://openalex.org/W2916758913","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2944020824","https://openalex.org/W2952735543","https://openalex.org/W2962767316","https://openalex.org/W2962914239","https://openalex.org/W2963046541","https://openalex.org/W2963076262","https://openalex.org/W2963489244","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6675026286","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6736930873","https://openalex.org/W6745720447","https://openalex.org/W6748483190","https://openalex.org/W6755165833","https://openalex.org/W6755891590"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2963248103","https://openalex.org/W2995760763","https://openalex.org/W4311541999","https://openalex.org/W2029274294","https://openalex.org/W2410003013","https://openalex.org/W2967497726","https://openalex.org/W2353149807","https://openalex.org/W2379997646","https://openalex.org/W3170740894","https://openalex.org/W2113177372"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"important":[1],"challenge":[2],"in":[3,113,233,254],"segmenting":[4],"real-world":[5,370],"biomedical":[6],"imaging":[7],"data":[8],"is":[9],"the":[10,114,127,150,206,211,217,240,255,311,323,339,368],"presence":[11],"of":[12,28,59,126,157,186,227,335,341],"multiple":[13,349],"disease":[14,86],"processes":[15,87],"within":[16,88,351],"individual":[17,89],"subjects.":[18,257],"Most":[19],"adults":[20],"above":[21],"age":[22],"60":[23],"exhibit":[24,56],"a":[25,76,100,166,306,352,357],"variable":[26],"degree":[27,58],"small":[29],"vessel":[30],"ischemic":[31],"disease,":[32],"as":[33,35,41,205],"well":[34],"chronic":[36],"infarcts,":[37],"which":[38],"will":[39,53,355],"manifest":[40],"white":[42],"matter":[43],"hyperintensities":[44],"(WMH)":[45],"on":[46,149,305],"brain":[47,91],"MRIs.":[48,92],"Subjects":[49],"diagnosed":[50],"with":[51,285,321,330],"gliomas":[52],"also":[54],"typically":[55],"some":[57],"abnormal":[60,106],"T2":[61],"signal":[62,107],"due":[63,69],"to":[64,70,74,80,103,347],"WMH,":[65,322],"rather":[66],"than":[67],"just":[68],"tumor.":[71],"We":[72,337],"sought":[73],"develop":[75],"fully":[77],"automated":[78],"algorithm":[79],"distinguish":[81,104],"and":[82,180,183,213,236,266,274,298,362],"quantify":[83],"these":[84],"distinct":[85],"subjects'":[90],"To":[93],"address":[94],"this":[95],"multi-disease":[96],"problem,":[97],"we":[98],"trained":[99,144],"3D":[101,115,162,168],"U-Net":[102,163],"between":[105,263],"arising":[108],"from":[109,176],"tumors":[110],"vs.":[111],"WMH":[112,148,204,275,294,315],"multi-parametric":[116],"MRI":[117],"(mpMRI,":[118],"i.e.,":[119],"native":[120],"T1-weighted,":[121],"T1-post-contrast,":[122],"T2,":[123],"T2-FLAIR)":[124],"scans":[125],"International":[128],"Brain":[129],"Tumor":[130],"Segmentation":[131],"(BraTS)":[132],"2018":[133],"dataset":[134],"(<i>n</i>":[135],"<sub>training</sub>":[136],"=":[137,141,246,272,277,292,296,303],"285,":[138],"<i>n</i>":[139],"<sub>validation</sub>":[140],"66).":[142],"Our":[143,161],"neuroradiologist":[145],"manually":[146,264],"annotated":[147],"BraTS":[151],"training":[152,235,256,319],"subjects,":[153],"finding":[154],"that":[155,344],"69%":[156],"subjects":[158,320],"had":[159,165],"WMH.":[160,336],"model":[164,242,348],"4-channel":[167],"input":[169],"patch":[170],"(80":[171],"\u00d7":[172,174],"80":[173],"80)":[175],"mpMRI,":[177],"four":[178,188],"encoding":[179],"decoding":[181],"layers,":[182],"an":[184],"output":[185,215],"either":[187],"[background,":[189],"active":[190],"tumor":[191,222],"(AT),":[192],"necrotic":[193],"core":[194],"(NCR),":[195],"peritumoral":[196],"edematous/infiltrated":[197],"tissue":[198],"(ED)]":[199],"or":[200],"five":[201],"classes":[202],"(adding":[203],"fifth":[207],"class).":[208],"For":[209],"both":[210,234],"four-":[212],"five-class":[214,241],"models,":[216],"median":[218,312,324],"<i>Dice</i>":[219,287,313,325],"for":[220,251,269,289,314,328],"whole":[221],"(WT)":[223],"extent":[224,253],"(i.e.,":[225],"union":[226],"AT,":[228],"ED,":[229],"NCR)":[230],"was":[231,259,316,326],"0.92":[232],"validation":[237],"sets.":[238],"Notably,":[239],"achieved":[243],"significantly":[244],"(<i>p</i>":[245],"0.002)":[247],"lower/better":[248],"Hausdorff":[249],"distances":[250],"WT":[252,270,290],"There":[258],"strong":[260],"positive":[261],"correlation":[262],"segmented":[265],"predicted":[267],"volumes":[268,281],"(<i>r</i>":[271,276,291,295,302],"0.96)":[273],"0.89).":[278],"Larger":[279],"lesion":[280],"were":[282],"positively":[283],"correlated":[284],"higher/better":[286],"scores":[288],"0.33),":[293],"0.34),":[297],"across":[299,318],"all":[300],"lesions":[301],"0.89)":[304],"log(10)":[307],"transformed":[308],"scale.":[309],"While":[310],"0.42":[317],"0.62":[327],"those":[329],"at":[331],"least":[332],"5":[333],"cm<sup>3</sup>":[334],"anticipate":[338],"development":[340],"computational":[342],"algorithms":[343],"are":[345],"able":[346],"diseases":[350],"single":[353],"subject":[354],"be":[356],"critical":[358],"step":[359],"toward":[360],"translating":[361],"integrating":[363],"artificial":[364],"intelligence":[365],"systems":[366],"into":[367],"heterogeneous":[369],"clinical":[371],"workflow.":[372]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
