{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4323320216","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbot.2023.1015464","title":"Continuous versus discrete robotic feedback for brain-computer interfaces aimed for neurorehabilitation","display_name":"Continuous versus discrete robotic feedback for brain-computer interfaces aimed for neurorehabilitation","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-02-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4323320216","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbot.2023.1015464","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36925628"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fnbot.2023.1015464","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbot.2023.1015464","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnbot.2023.1015464/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115606517","display_name":"Frontiers in Neurorobotics","issn_l":"1662-5218","issn":["1662-5218"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Neurorobotics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnbot.2023.1015464/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063211029","display_name":"Ruben I. Carino-Escobar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7075-413X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124243","display_name":"Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitaci\u00f3n","ror":"https://ror.org/03734cd59","country_code":"MX","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124243"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruben I. Carino-Escobar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Research in Medical Engineering, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitaci\u00f3n Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Mexico City, Mexico"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Research in Medical Engineering, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitaci\u00f3n Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Mexico City, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124243"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101571259","display_name":"Mart\u00edn Emiliano Rodr\u00edguez-Garc\u00eda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8454-6769"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200362191","display_name":"Universidad Aut\u00f3noma Metropolitana","ror":"https://ror.org/02kta5139","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200362191"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mart\u00edn E. Rodr\u00edguez-Garc\u00eda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma Metropolitana Unidad Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma Metropolitana Unidad Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200362191"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055467424","display_name":"Paul Carrillo\u2010Mora","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3178-7016"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124243","display_name":"Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitaci\u00f3n","ror":"https://ror.org/03734cd59","country_code":"MX","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124243"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Carrillo-Mora","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Neuroscience, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitaci\u00f3n Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Mexico City, Mexico"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Neuroscience, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitaci\u00f3n Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Mexico City, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124243"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061363632","display_name":"Raquel Vald\u00e9s-Cristerna","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0173-1759"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200362191","display_name":"Universidad Aut\u00f3noma Metropolitana","ror":"https://ror.org/02kta5139","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200362191"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raquel Vald\u00e9s-Cristerna","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma Metropolitana Unidad Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma Metropolitana Unidad Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200362191"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041879387","display_name":"Jessica Cantillo-Negrete","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8453-1807"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124243","display_name":"Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitaci\u00f3n","ror":"https://ror.org/03734cd59","country_code":"MX","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124243"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jessica Cantillo-Negrete","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Research in Medical Engineering, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitaci\u00f3n Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Mexico City, Mexico"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Research in Medical Engineering, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitaci\u00f3n Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Mexico City, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124243"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5041879387"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124243"],"apc_list":{"value":2950,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2950},"apc_paid":{"value":2950,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2950},"fwci":1.003,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73346988,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":null,"first_page":"1015464","last_page":"1015464"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.991599977016449,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.991599977016449,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10241","display_name":"Functional Brain Connectivity Studies","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain\u2013computer-interface","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","score":0.909453809261322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neurorehabilitation","display_name":"Neurorehabilitation","score":0.8935527801513672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.7026243209838867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6602953672409058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motor-imagery","display_name":"Motor imagery","score":0.6291048526763916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensorimotor-rhythm","display_name":"Sensorimotor rhythm","score":0.5150151252746582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/somatosensory-system","display_name":"Somatosensory system","score":0.46135732531547546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/auditory-feedback","display_name":"Auditory feedback","score":0.4302509129047394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroplasticity","display_name":"Neuroplasticity","score":0.41522300243377686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-medicine-and-rehabilitation","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","score":0.3644505739212036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3285447955131531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rehabilitation","display_name":"Rehabilitation","score":0.30940526723861694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.256904661655426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.17694047093391418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.1530601680278778}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173201364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q897410","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","level":3,"score":0.909453809261322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47177892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510101","display_name":"Neurorehabilitation","level":3,"score":0.8935527801513672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.7026243209838867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6602953672409058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54808283","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6918191","display_name":"Motor imagery","level":4,"score":0.6291048526763916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156321","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4736045","display_name":"Sensorimotor rhythm","level":4,"score":0.5150151252746582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172497186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q328835","display_name":"Somatosensory system","level":2,"score":0.46135732531547546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779864741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4820027","display_name":"Auditory feedback","level":2,"score":0.4302509129047394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47611674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q849491","display_name":"Neuroplasticity","level":2,"score":0.41522300243377686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.3644505739212036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3285447955131531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778818304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1819478","display_name":"Rehabilitation","level":2,"score":0.30940526723861694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.256904661655426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.17694047093391418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.1530601680278778}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fnbot.2023.1015464","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbot.2023.1015464","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnbot.2023.1015464/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115606517","display_name":"Frontiers in Neurorobotics","issn_l":"1662-5218","issn":["1662-5218"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Neurorobotics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36925628","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36925628","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in neurorobotics","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10011154","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10011154","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10011154/pdf/fnbot-17-1015464.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Front Neurorobot","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:94353691bb164d7ba09073ee304c13db","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/94353691bb164d7ba09073ee304c13db","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Neurorobotics, Vol 17 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fnbot.2023.1015464","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbot.2023.1015464","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnbot.2023.1015464/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115606517","display_name":"Frontiers in Neurorobotics","issn_l":"1662-5218","issn":["1662-5218"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Neurorobotics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G407478948","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SALUD-2018-02-B-S-45803","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321739","funder_display_name":"Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321739","display_name":"Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda","ror":"https://ror.org/059ex5q34"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4323320216.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W575416229","https://openalex.org/W1509444281","https://openalex.org/W1969878365","https://openalex.org/W1971000735","https://openalex.org/W1975319787","https://openalex.org/W1985961261","https://openalex.org/W1986958427","https://openalex.org/W1992751386","https://openalex.org/W1999814170","https://openalex.org/W2003509661","https://openalex.org/W2006837676","https://openalex.org/W2010371409","https://openalex.org/W2011239230","https://openalex.org/W2011695541","https://openalex.org/W2040775601","https://openalex.org/W2043582758","https://openalex.org/W2045695914","https://openalex.org/W2051523912","https://openalex.org/W2066584143","https://openalex.org/W2073869303","https://openalex.org/W2082404195","https://openalex.org/W2087484885","https://openalex.org/W2099509424","https://openalex.org/W2106006415","https://openalex.org/W2116308679","https://openalex.org/W2135894974","https://openalex.org/W2136022845","https://openalex.org/W2138523272","https://openalex.org/W2157331283","https://openalex.org/W2157795035","https://openalex.org/W2165299997","https://openalex.org/W2166073443","https://openalex.org/W2253705677","https://openalex.org/W2343101712","https://openalex.org/W2407897843","https://openalex.org/W2505007294","https://openalex.org/W2561016793","https://openalex.org/W2612500834","https://openalex.org/W2737693645","https://openalex.org/W2748945203","https://openalex.org/W2769705703","https://openalex.org/W2796422904","https://openalex.org/W2883269930","https://openalex.org/W2905452066","https://openalex.org/W2912885887","https://openalex.org/W3000231660","https://openalex.org/W3011766203","https://openalex.org/W3033186461","https://openalex.org/W3093623258","https://openalex.org/W3159186283","https://openalex.org/W3163031795","https://openalex.org/W3167909966"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1977940006","https://openalex.org/W3004533549","https://openalex.org/W1564064088","https://openalex.org/W2979563119","https://openalex.org/W3186468331","https://openalex.org/W2086163446","https://openalex.org/W1961545574","https://openalex.org/W2944296668","https://openalex.org/W1973585281","https://openalex.org/W131149161"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Introduction:":[0],"Brain-Computer":[1],"Interfaces":[2],"(BCI)":[3],"can":[4,221],"allow":[5],"control":[6,44,58,222],"of":[7,24,32,38,45,56,85,95,102,123,129,140,199,217],"external":[8],"devices":[9],"using":[10],"motor":[11],"imagery":[12],"(MI)":[13],"decoded":[14],"from":[15],"electroencephalography":[16],"(EEG).":[17],"Although":[18],"BCI":[19,46,57,141,152,218],"have":[20],"a":[21,50,80,209,223],"wide":[22],"range":[23],"applications":[25],"including":[26],"neurorehabilitation,":[27],"the":[28,36,86,89,92,96,100,115,120,124,127,130,158,165,180,197,215],"low":[29],"spatial":[30],"resolution":[31],"EEG,":[33],"coupled":[34],"to":[35],"variability":[37],"cortical":[39,175,228],"activations":[40,176,229],"during":[41],"MI,":[42],"make":[43],"based":[47],"on":[48],"EEG":[49],"challenging":[51],"task.":[52],"Methods:":[53],"An":[54],"assessment":[55],"with":[59,146,157,164,179,231],"different":[60,67],"feedback":[61,68,211],"timing":[62,69,87,212],"strategies":[63,70],"was":[64,110,117,185],"performed.":[65,111],"Two":[66],"were":[71,177,194],"compared,":[72],"comprised":[73,118],"by":[74,79,119,196],"passive":[75],"hand":[76,82,108],"movement":[77,94,122],"provided":[78],"robotic":[81],"orthosis.":[83],"One":[84],"strategies,":[88],"continuous,":[90],"involved":[91],"partial":[93],"robot":[97,125],"immediately":[98],"after":[99,126],"recognition":[101],"each":[103,147],"time":[104],"segment":[105],"in":[106],"which":[107],"MI":[109,132],"The":[112],"other":[113],"feedback,":[114],"discrete,":[116],"entire":[121],"processing":[128],"complete":[131],"period.":[133],"Eighteen":[134],"healthy":[135],"participants":[136],"performed":[137],"two":[138],"sessions":[139],"training":[142],"and":[143,160,168,172,201],"testing,":[144],"one":[145],"feedback.":[148,182],"Results:":[149],"Significantly":[150],"higher":[151],"performance":[153],"(65.4":[154],"\u00b1":[155,162],"17.9%":[156],"continuous":[159,181,210],"62.1":[161],"18.6%":[163],"discrete":[166],"feedback)":[167],"pronounced":[169],"bilateral":[170],"alpha":[171],"ipsilateral":[173],"beta":[174],"observed":[178],"Discussion:":[183],"It":[184],"hypothesized":[186],"that":[187,220],"these":[188],"effects,":[189],"although":[190],"heterogenous":[191],"across":[192],"participants,":[193],"caused":[195],"enhancement":[198],"attentional":[200],"closed-loop":[202],"somatosensory":[203],"processes.":[204],"This":[205],"is":[206],"important,":[207],"since":[208],"could":[213],"increase":[214],"number":[216],"users":[219],"MI-based":[224],"system":[225],"or":[226],"enhance":[227],"associated":[230],"neuroplasticity,":[232],"important":[233],"for":[234],"neurorehabilitation":[235],"applications.":[236]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}