{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4308938530","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbot.2022.1054481","title":"The spatial frequency domain designated watermarking framework uses linear blind source separation for intelligent visual signal processing","display_name":"The spatial frequency domain designated watermarking framework uses linear blind source separation for intelligent visual signal processing","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4308938530","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbot.2022.1054481","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36439286"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fnbot.2022.1054481","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbot.2022.1054481","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnbot.2022.1054481/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115606517","display_name":"Frontiers in Neurorobotics","issn_l":"1662-5218","issn":["1662-5218"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Neurorobotics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnbot.2022.1054481/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101508027","display_name":"Rani Kumari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7226-4695"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115715567","display_name":"Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra","ror":"https://ror.org/028vtqb15","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115715567"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rani Kumari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Birla Institute of Technology, Ranchi, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Birla Institute of Technology, Ranchi, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115715567"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045293768","display_name":"Abhijit Mustafi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3454-0470"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115715567","display_name":"Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra","ror":"https://ror.org/028vtqb15","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115715567"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abhijit Mustafi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Birla Institute of Technology, Ranchi, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Birla Institute of Technology, Ranchi, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115715567"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101508027"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115715567"],"apc_list":{"value":2950,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2950},"apc_paid":{"value":2950,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2950},"fwci":0.5074,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64575504,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":null,"first_page":"1054481","last_page":"1054481"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11447","display_name":"Blind Source Separation Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-watermarking","display_name":"Digital watermarking","score":0.889521062374115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/watermark","display_name":"Watermark","score":0.7912696599960327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7517903447151184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6317704916000366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5693506598472595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-domain","display_name":"Frequency domain","score":0.5631529688835144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blind-signal-separation","display_name":"Blind signal separation","score":0.4913405478000641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.47998377680778503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.45915499329566956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peak-signal-to-noise-ratio","display_name":"Peak signal-to-noise ratio","score":0.458341121673584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian-noise","display_name":"Gaussian noise","score":0.41296103596687317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.40906402468681335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.3535572290420532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.2865171432495117}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150817343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875932","display_name":"Digital watermarking","level":3,"score":0.889521062374115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164112704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7974348","display_name":"Watermark","level":3,"score":0.7912696599960327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7517903447151184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6317704916000366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5693506598472595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19118579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786423","display_name":"Frequency domain","level":2,"score":0.5631529688835144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120317606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17105967","display_name":"Blind signal separation","level":3,"score":0.4913405478000641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.47998377680778503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.45915499329566956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154579607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3373850","display_name":"Peak signal-to-noise ratio","level":3,"score":0.458341121673584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4199805","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2725903","display_name":"Gaussian noise","level":2,"score":0.41296103596687317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.40906402468681335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.3535572290420532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2865171432495117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fnbot.2022.1054481","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbot.2022.1054481","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnbot.2022.1054481/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115606517","display_name":"Frontiers in Neurorobotics","issn_l":"1662-5218","issn":["1662-5218"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Neurorobotics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36439286","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36439286","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in neurorobotics","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f8cfafe76889489ca70f505510d348dd","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f8cfafe76889489ca70f505510d348dd","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Neurorobotics, Vol 16 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9692017","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9692017","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Front Neurorobot","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fnbot.2022.1054481","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbot.2022.1054481","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnbot.2022.1054481/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115606517","display_name":"Frontiers in Neurorobotics","issn_l":"1662-5218","issn":["1662-5218"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Neurorobotics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4308938530.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4308938530.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W606473257","https://openalex.org/W1999299835","https://openalex.org/W2008169417","https://openalex.org/W2011807467","https://openalex.org/W2025301848","https://openalex.org/W2027170056","https://openalex.org/W2056470453","https://openalex.org/W2064933152","https://openalex.org/W2071112627","https://openalex.org/W2076811052","https://openalex.org/W2090697566","https://openalex.org/W2098850012","https://openalex.org/W2100912680","https://openalex.org/W2101303723","https://openalex.org/W2120400964","https://openalex.org/W2134415040","https://openalex.org/W2142638745","https://openalex.org/W2145424836","https://openalex.org/W2145576488","https://openalex.org/W2155023014","https://openalex.org/W2164678342","https://openalex.org/W2169016692","https://openalex.org/W2171919861","https://openalex.org/W2799066302","https://openalex.org/W2963054281","https://openalex.org/W2984922178","https://openalex.org/W3011958679","https://openalex.org/W3021799630","https://openalex.org/W3023540311","https://openalex.org/W3044235219","https://openalex.org/W3045110217","https://openalex.org/W3202099429","https://openalex.org/W4233130698","https://openalex.org/W4293054925"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4205836422","https://openalex.org/W2598996165","https://openalex.org/W1917245318","https://openalex.org/W1539296833","https://openalex.org/W4293251151","https://openalex.org/W2068060394","https://openalex.org/W2391962742","https://openalex.org/W1966570904","https://openalex.org/W2088812988","https://openalex.org/W1972801158"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"develops":[2],"a":[3,45],"digital":[4],"watermarking":[5,54],"algorithm":[6,47,59],"using":[7,33,44],"an":[8],"informed":[9],"watermark":[10,24,32,39],"retrieval":[11],"architecture.":[12],"The":[13,38,80],"developed":[14],"method":[15],"uses":[16],"the":[17,23,26,31,50,53,62,68,73,77,97],"fractional":[18,64],"Fourier":[19],"transform":[20],"to":[21,48,60,95],"embed":[22],"in":[25],"space-frequency":[27],"domain":[28,65],"and":[29,76,90],"extracts":[30],"blind":[34],"source":[35],"separation":[36],"techniques.":[37],"embedding":[40],"is":[41,93],"further":[42],"enhanced":[43],"heuristic":[46],"increase":[49],"strength":[51],"of":[52,70],"system.":[55],"We":[56],"use":[57],"genetic":[58],"find":[61],"optimal":[63],"by":[66],"minimizing":[67],"coefficient":[69],"RMSE":[71],"between":[72],"input":[74],"image":[75],"watermarked":[78],"image.":[79],"algorithm's":[81,98],"performance":[82],"against":[83],"various":[84],"common":[85],"attacks,":[86],"e.g.,":[87],"JPEG":[88],"compression":[89],"Gaussian":[91],"noise,":[92],"presented":[94],"estimate":[96],"robustness.":[99]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}