{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4309741562","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbot.2022.1042780","title":"Enhanced You Only Look Once X for surface defect detection of strip steel","display_name":"Enhanced You Only Look Once X for surface defect detection of strip steel","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4309741562","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbot.2022.1042780","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36479529"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fnbot.2022.1042780","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbot.2022.1042780","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnbot.2022.1042780/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115606517","display_name":"Frontiers in Neurorobotics","issn_l":"1662-5218","issn":["1662-5218"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Neurorobotics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnbot.2022.1042780/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101911284","display_name":"Ruiqi Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7722-8025"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210157719","display_name":"Yancheng Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04y8njc86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210157719"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruiqi Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Technology, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Technology, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210157719"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064086456","display_name":"Feng Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2906-8127"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210157719","display_name":"Yancheng Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04y8njc86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210157719"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Feng Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Technology, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Technology, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210157719"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100341008","display_name":"Nan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6800-7389"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210157719","display_name":"Yancheng Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04y8njc86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210157719"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Technology, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Technology, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210157719"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115602439","display_name":"Haibo Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4213-2883"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210157719","display_name":"Yancheng Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04y8njc86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210157719"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haibo Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Technology, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Technology, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210157719"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032411512","display_name":"Naihong Guo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210157719","display_name":"Yancheng Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04y8njc86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210157719"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Naihong Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yancheng Xiongying Precision Machinery Company Limited, Yancheng, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yancheng Xiongying Precision Machinery Company Limited, Yancheng, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210157719"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038205982","display_name":"Rugang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7617-9607"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210157719","display_name":"Yancheng Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04y8njc86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210157719"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rugang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Technology, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Technology, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210157719"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5064086456"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210157719"],"apc_list":{"value":3295,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3295},"apc_paid":{"value":3295,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3295},"fwci":1.0191,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7857078,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":null,"first_page":"1042780","last_page":"1042780"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12111","display_name":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12111","display_name":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11606","display_name":"Infrastructure Maintenance and Monitoring","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8569351434707642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.6384331583976746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5794094800949097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frame","display_name":"Frame (networking)","score":0.5414483547210693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frame-rate","display_name":"Frame rate","score":0.5085254907608032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.5069460868835449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4594569802284241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface","display_name":"Surface (topology)","score":0.43545812368392944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3690639138221741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.08763349056243896}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8569351434707642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6384331583976746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5794094800949097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126042441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324888","display_name":"Frame (networking)","level":2,"score":0.5414483547210693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3261483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q119565","display_name":"Frame rate","level":2,"score":0.5085254907608032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.5069460868835449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4594569802284241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776799497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484298","display_name":"Surface (topology)","level":2,"score":0.43545812368392944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3690639138221741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08763349056243896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fnbot.2022.1042780","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbot.2022.1042780","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnbot.2022.1042780/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115606517","display_name":"Frontiers in Neurorobotics","issn_l":"1662-5218","issn":["1662-5218"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Neurorobotics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36479529","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36479529","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in neurorobotics","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9720119","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9720119","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Front Neurorobot","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3753888336884490bdda36fd0747483a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3753888336884490bdda36fd0747483a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Neurorobotics, Vol 16 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fnbot.2022.1042780","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbot.2022.1042780","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnbot.2022.1042780/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115606517","display_name":"Frontiers in Neurorobotics","issn_l":"1662-5218","issn":["1662-5218"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Neurorobotics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3224641691","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SJCX22_1685","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313216","funder_display_name":"Yancheng Institute of Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3444775938","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61673108","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3855068333","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SJCX21_1517","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5255852945","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"19KJA110002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5869561462","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SJCX22_1685","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5908999913","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SJCX21_1517","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313216","funder_display_name":"Yancheng Institute of Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G693450879","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"XJR2022001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313216","funder_display_name":"Yancheng Institute of Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7069992560","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61673108","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313216","funder_display_name":"Yancheng Institute of Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8131845339","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"19KJA110002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313216","funder_display_name":"Yancheng Institute of Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G940568136","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"XJR2022001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313216","display_name":"Yancheng Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04y8njc86"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321605","display_name":"Government of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/004svx814"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4309741562.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4309741562.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W344203161","https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1536680647","https://openalex.org/W1616966039","https://openalex.org/W2028526243","https://openalex.org/W2052194651","https://openalex.org/W2052637396","https://openalex.org/W2078087367","https://openalex.org/W2092072518","https://openalex.org/W2102605133","https://openalex.org/W2109255472","https://openalex.org/W2185842678","https://openalex.org/W2570343428","https://openalex.org/W2761796288","https://openalex.org/W2909481502","https://openalex.org/W2944303778","https://openalex.org/W2947263797","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W3003622852","https://openalex.org/W3012572710","https://openalex.org/W3013211776","https://openalex.org/W3018757597","https://openalex.org/W3106250896","https://openalex.org/W3108566774","https://openalex.org/W3124426233","https://openalex.org/W3132963652","https://openalex.org/W3136957409","https://openalex.org/W3164289800","https://openalex.org/W3184439416","https://openalex.org/W3193349278","https://openalex.org/W3196497390","https://openalex.org/W3210458411","https://openalex.org/W4250878893","https://openalex.org/W4293584584","https://openalex.org/W4317566583","https://openalex.org/W4391004832","https://openalex.org/W6636664611","https://openalex.org/W6686462855","https://openalex.org/W6750227808","https://openalex.org/W6777046832","https://openalex.org/W6785652829","https://openalex.org/W6798838024","https://openalex.org/W6906320557"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3147584709","https://openalex.org/W2977677679","https://openalex.org/W1992327129","https://openalex.org/W2381986121","https://openalex.org/W2370918718","https://openalex.org/W1976985527","https://openalex.org/W2256933480","https://openalex.org/W2027854990","https://openalex.org/W2977517636","https://openalex.org/W2810129309"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Using":[0],"deep":[1],"learning-based":[2],"methods":[3],"to":[4,36,92],"detect":[5],"surface":[6,74],"defects":[7],"in":[8,56,127],"strip":[9],"steel":[10],"can":[11,136,146],"reduce":[12],"the":[13,27,34,43,50,80,94,97,121,138,149,157,160,181,190,193],"impact":[14],"of":[15,30,46,52,60,63,96,104,110,152,173,192],"human":[16],"factors":[17],"and":[18,24,39,49,78,118,123,162,166,175,187],"lower":[19],"costs":[20],"while":[21],"maintaining":[22],"accuracy":[23,38,151],"efficiency.":[25,40],"However,":[26],"main":[28],"disadvantages":[29],"this":[31,67],"method":[32],"is":[33],"inability":[35],"tradeoff":[37],"In":[41,66],"addition,":[42],"low":[44],"proportion":[45],"valid":[47],"information":[48],"lack":[51],"distinctive":[53],"features":[54,115],"result":[55],"a":[57,71],"high":[58],"rate":[59,141],"missed":[61],"detection":[62,76,139,150],"small":[64,153],"objects.":[65,154],"paper,":[68],"we":[69],"propose":[70],"lightweight":[72,133],"YOLOX":[73],"defect":[75],"network":[77],"introduce":[79],"Multi-scale":[81],"Feature":[82],"Fusion":[83],"Attention":[84],"Module":[85],"(MFFAM).":[86],"Lightweight":[87],"CSP":[88,134],"structures":[89,135],"are":[90,116],"used":[91],"optimize":[93],"backbone":[95],"original":[98],"network.":[99],"MFFAM":[100,145],"uses":[101],"different":[102,111],"scales":[103],"receptive":[105],"fields":[106],"for":[107],"feature":[108],"maps":[109],"resolutions,":[112],"after":[113],"which":[114,169],"fused":[117],"passed":[119],"into":[120],"spatial":[122],"channel":[124],"attention":[125],"modules":[126],"parallel.":[128],"Experimental":[129],"results":[130],"show":[131],"that":[132],"improve":[137,148],"frame":[140],"without":[142],"compromising":[143],"accuracy.":[144],"significantly":[147],"Compared":[155,177],"with":[156,178],"initial":[158],"YOLOX,":[159],"mAP":[161],"FPS":[163],"were":[164],"81.21%":[165],"82.87Hz,":[167],"respectively,":[168],"was":[170],"an":[171],"improvement":[172],"4.29%":[174],"12.72Hz.":[176],"existing":[179],"methods,":[180],"proposed":[182],"model":[183],"has":[184],"superior":[185],"performance":[186],"practicality,":[188],"verifying":[189],"effectiveness":[191],"optimization":[194],"method.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-11T07:18:39.950985","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}