{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416342429","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fdgth.2025.1689846","title":"Feasibility of predicting next-day fatigue levels using heart rate variability and activity-sleep metrics in people with post-COVID fatigue","display_name":"Feasibility of predicting next-day fatigue levels using heart rate variability and activity-sleep metrics in people with post-COVID fatigue","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416342429","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fdgth.2025.1689846","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41341466"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fdgth.2025.1689846","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fdgth.2025.1689846","pdf_url":"https://public-pages-files-2025.frontiersin.org/journals/digital-health/articles/10.3389/fdgth.2025.1689846/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210170686","display_name":"Frontiers in Digital Health","issn_l":"2673-253X","issn":["2673-253X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Digital Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://public-pages-files-2025.frontiersin.org/journals/digital-health/articles/10.3389/fdgth.2025.1689846/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119890918","display_name":"Nana Yaw Aboagye","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133722","display_name":"NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/044m9mw93","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34931013","https://openalex.org/I4210133722"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84884186","display_name":"Newcastle University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj2bm70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nana Yaw Aboagye","raw_affiliation_strings":["NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom","Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133722"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022012221","display_name":"Maria Germann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2747-9555"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84884186","display_name":"Newcastle University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj2bm70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria Germann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011005608","display_name":"Kenneth F. Baker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6735-2911"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801663869","display_name":"Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/05p40t847","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801663869"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133722","display_name":"NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/044m9mw93","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34931013","https://openalex.org/I4210133722"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84884186","display_name":"Newcastle University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj2bm70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kenneth F. Baker","raw_affiliation_strings":["NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom","Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom","Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133722"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801663869"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078896471","display_name":"Mark R. Baker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6916-1329"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800516725","display_name":"Royal Victoria Infirmary","ror":"https://ror.org/01p19k166","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800516725","https://openalex.org/I2801663869"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801663869","display_name":"Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/05p40t847","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801663869"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84884186","display_name":"Newcastle University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj2bm70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark R. Baker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom","Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom","Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800516725"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801663869"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059213065","display_name":"Silvia Del Din","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1154-4751"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133722","display_name":"NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/044m9mw93","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34931013","https://openalex.org/I4210133722"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84884186","display_name":"Newcastle University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj2bm70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Silvia Del Din","raw_affiliation_strings":["NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom","Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133722"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5119890918"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133722","https://openalex.org/I84884186"],"apc_list":{"value":1900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1900},"apc_paid":{"value":1900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1900},"fwci":1.1168,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84228594,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"1689846","last_page":"1689846"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10745","display_name":"Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control","score":0.504800021648407,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10745","display_name":"Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control","score":0.504800021648407,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11373","display_name":"Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue","score":0.2370000034570694,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11282","display_name":"Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Research","score":0.06710000336170197,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heart-rate-variability","display_name":"Heart rate variability","score":0.8578000068664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heart-rate","display_name":"Heart rate","score":0.48669999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sleep","display_name":"Sleep (system call)","score":0.2759999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blood-pressure","display_name":"Blood pressure","score":0.26820001006126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-activity","display_name":"Physical activity","score":0.26570001244544983}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71635504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q933954","display_name":"Heart rate variability","level":4,"score":0.8578000068664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777953023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1073121","display_name":"Heart rate","level":3,"score":0.48669999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.48159998655319214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.3334999978542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775841894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4683692","display_name":"Sleep (system call)","level":2,"score":0.2759999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84393581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82642","display_name":"Blood pressure","level":2,"score":0.26820001006126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020255362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747883","display_name":"Physical activity","level":2,"score":0.26570001244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780040984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79785","display_name":"Electrocardiography","level":2,"score":0.25920000672340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.25540000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133462117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4929239","display_name":"Data collection","level":2,"score":0.2535000145435333}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fdgth.2025.1689846","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fdgth.2025.1689846","pdf_url":"https://public-pages-files-2025.frontiersin.org/journals/digital-health/articles/10.3389/fdgth.2025.1689846/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210170686","display_name":"Frontiers in Digital Health","issn_l":"2673-253X","issn":["2673-253X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Digital Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41341466","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41341466","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in digital health","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d0fd5040d2554dcbbd5e663af3c0a587","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d0fd5040d2554dcbbd5e663af3c0a587","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Digital Health, Vol 7 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fdgth.2025.1689846","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fdgth.2025.1689846","pdf_url":"https://public-pages-files-2025.frontiersin.org/journals/digital-health/articles/10.3389/fdgth.2025.1689846/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210170686","display_name":"Frontiers in Digital Health","issn_l":"2673-253X","issn":["2673-253X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Digital Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416342429.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416342429.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1664685227","https://openalex.org/W2156552533","https://openalex.org/W2160492963","https://openalex.org/W2168639577","https://openalex.org/W2610332124","https://openalex.org/W2900329012","https://openalex.org/W2910099265","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2945073425","https://openalex.org/W2999318359","https://openalex.org/W3007476422","https://openalex.org/W3122333896","https://openalex.org/W3130675975","https://openalex.org/W3134483283","https://openalex.org/W3134899434","https://openalex.org/W3175450024","https://openalex.org/W3177256923","https://openalex.org/W3184339862","https://openalex.org/W3193416643","https://openalex.org/W3206249129","https://openalex.org/W3207426733","https://openalex.org/W4200066487","https://openalex.org/W4210867433","https://openalex.org/W4287510022","https://openalex.org/W4308346303","https://openalex.org/W4327530831","https://openalex.org/W4381715660","https://openalex.org/W4386989266","https://openalex.org/W4399357599"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"Post-COVID":[1],"fatigue":[2,18,46,98,153,160,177,201,260,281,304],"(pCF)":[3],"represents":[4],"a":[5,83,135],"significant":[6],"burden":[7],"for":[8,29,91,206,258],"many":[9],"individuals":[10,49,284],"following":[11],"SARS-CoV-2":[12],"infection.":[13],"The":[14],"unpredictable":[15],"nature":[16],"of":[17,25,39,145,251,268],"fluctuations":[19],"impairs":[20],"daily":[21],"functioning":[22],"and":[23,55,82,120,141,164,199,232,239,242,255,275,289,296],"quality":[24],"life,":[26],"creating":[27],"challenges":[28],"effective":[30],"symptom":[31],"management.":[32],"Objective:":[33],"This":[34,263],"study":[35,264],"investigated":[36],"the":[37,108,114,126,131,143,249,266],"feasibility":[38,267],"developing":[40],"predictive":[41,294],"models":[42,149,208],"to":[43,93,150,278],"forecast":[44],"next-day":[45,152,176,280],"levels":[47,154,178,282],"in":[48,174,283],"with":[50,70,235,273,285],"pCF,":[51],"utilizing":[52],"objective":[53],"physiological":[54,288],"behavioral":[56,290],"features":[57,104,122,277],"derived":[58,124],"from":[59,67,107,125],"wearable":[60],"device":[61,77,129],"data.":[62],"Methods:":[63],"We":[64],"analyzed":[65],"data":[66,257,291],"68":[68],"participants":[69],"pCF":[71],"who":[72],"wore":[73],"an":[74],"Axivity":[75,127],"AX6":[76],"on":[78,88],"their":[79,89],"non-dominant":[80],"wrist":[81],"VitalPatch":[84,109],"electrocardiogram":[85],"(ECG)":[86],"sensor":[87],"chest":[90],"up":[92],"21":[94],"days":[95],"while":[96,118],"completing":[97],"questionnaires":[99],"every":[100],"other":[101],"day.":[102],"HRV":[103],"were":[105,123,203],"extracted":[106],"single-lead":[110],"ECG":[111],"signal":[112],"using":[113,130,155],"NeuroKit":[115],"Python":[116],"package,":[117],"activity":[119,256,274],"sleep":[121,276],"wrist-worn":[128],"GGIR":[132],"package.":[133],"Using":[134,167],"5-fold":[136],"cross-validation":[137],"approach,":[138],"we":[139],"trained":[140],"evaluated":[142],"performances":[144],"two":[146],"machine":[147],"learning":[148],"predict":[151,279],"Visual":[156],"Analogue":[157],"Scale":[158],"(VAS)":[159],"scores:":[161],"Random":[162,172,215],"Forest":[163,173],"XGBoost.":[165],"Results:":[166],"five-fold":[168],"cross-validation,":[169],"XGBoost":[170],"outperformed":[171],"predicting":[175],"(mean":[179],"R\u00b2":[180],"=":[181,190,211,218],"0.79":[182],"\u00b1":[183,187,192,196,213,220],"0.04":[184],"vs.":[185,194],"0.69":[186],"0.02;":[188,214],"MAE":[189],"3.18":[191],"0.63":[193],"6.14":[195],"0.96).":[197],"Predicted":[198],"observed":[200],"scores":[202],"strongly":[204],"correlated":[205],"both":[207],"(XGBoost:":[209],"r":[210,217],"0.89":[212],"Forest:":[216],"0.86":[219],"0.01).":[221],"Key":[222],"predictors":[223],"included":[224],"heart":[225,270],"rate":[226,271],"variability":[227,272],"features-sample":[228],"entropy,":[229],"low-frequency":[230],"power,":[231],"approximate":[233],"entropy-along":[234],"demographic":[236],"(age,":[237],"sex)":[238],"activity-related":[240],"(moderate":[241],"vigorous":[243],"duration)":[244],"factors.":[245],"These":[246],"findings":[247],"underscore":[248],"importance":[250],"integrating":[252],"physiological,":[253],"demographic,":[254],"accurate":[259],"prediction.":[261],"Conclusions:":[262],"demonstrates":[265],"combining":[269],"pCF.":[286],"Integrating":[287],"show":[292],"promising":[293],"accuracy":[295],"provides":[297],"insights":[298],"that":[299],"could":[300],"inform":[301],"future":[302],"personalized":[303],"management":[305],"strategies.":[306]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-11-18T00:00:00"}
