{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415567257","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fdgth.2025.1685774","title":"Data protection, interoperability and governance assessment tool: results from a proof-of-concept survey","display_name":"Data protection, interoperability and governance assessment tool: results from a proof-of-concept survey","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415567257","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fdgth.2025.1685774","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41221485"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fdgth.2025.1685774","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fdgth.2025.1685774","pdf_url":"https://public-pages-files-2025.frontiersin.org/journals/digital-health/articles/10.3389/fdgth.2025.1685774/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210170686","display_name":"Frontiers in Digital Health","issn_l":"2673-253X","issn":["2673-253X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Digital Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://public-pages-files-2025.frontiersin.org/journals/digital-health/articles/10.3389/fdgth.2025.1685774/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023940629","display_name":"Concetta Tania Di Iorio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3105-3423"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210147037","display_name":"Azienda USL di Pescara","ror":"https://ror.org/048ym4d69","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210147037"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Concetta Tania Di Iorio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Serectrix Srls, Pescara, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Serectrix Srls, Pescara, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210147037"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029276855","display_name":"Elettra Ronchi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9818-0850"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205092303","display_name":"Institut d'Etudes Politiques de Paris","ror":"https://ror.org/05fe7ax82","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205092303"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elettra Ronchi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sciences Po, School of Public Affairs, Paris, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sciences Po, School of Public Affairs, Paris, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205092303"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068830587","display_name":"Ivan Prista\u0161","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6732-7943"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098658","display_name":"Hrvatski zavod za javno zdravstvo","ror":"https://ror.org/00h4fkb86","country_code":"HR","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098658"]}],"countries":["HR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ivan Pristas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Croatian Institute of Public Health, Zagreb, Croatia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Croatian Institute of Public Health, Zagreb, Croatia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098658"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024361058","display_name":"Tamara Buble","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1356-4166"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098658","display_name":"Hrvatski zavod za javno zdravstvo","ror":"https://ror.org/00h4fkb86","country_code":"HR","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098658"]}],"countries":["HR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tamara Buble","raw_affiliation_strings":["Croatian Institute of Public Health, Zagreb, Croatia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Croatian Institute of Public Health, Zagreb, Croatia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098658"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064165774","display_name":"Nicholas Nicholson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1149-1426"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118689","display_name":"Joint Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/02qezmz13","country_code":"IT","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1320481043","https://openalex.org/I2800387288","https://openalex.org/I4210118689","https://openalex.org/I4210161702"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nicholas Nicholson","raw_affiliation_strings":["European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118689"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032172851","display_name":"Fabrizio Carinci","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7524-227X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095444","display_name":"Saint Camillus International University of Health and Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/00qvkm315","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210095444"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fabrizio Carinci","raw_affiliation_strings":["Unicamillus International Medical University, Rome, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Unicamillus International Medical University, Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095444"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5064165774"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118689"],"apc_list":{"value":1900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1900},"apc_paid":{"value":1900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1900},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.4219728,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"1685774","last_page":"1685774"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12943","display_name":"COVID-19 Digital Contact Tracing","score":0.3319999873638153,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12943","display_name":"COVID-19 Digital Contact Tracing","score":0.3319999873638153,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10350","display_name":"Electronic Health Records Systems","score":0.09309999644756317,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11819","display_name":"Data-Driven Disease Surveillance","score":0.03220000118017197,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interoperability","display_name":"Interoperability","score":0.8104000091552734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.5235000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corporate-governance","display_name":"Corporate governance","score":0.46540001034736633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-data","display_name":"Health data","score":0.4636000096797943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","score":0.4036000072956085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-governance","display_name":"Data governance","score":0.3986999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-system","display_name":"Information system","score":0.33090001344680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-technology","display_name":"Information technology","score":0.3000999987125397}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20136886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749647","display_name":"Interoperability","level":2,"score":0.8104000091552734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.5235000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.521399974822998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.5097000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.49779999256134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39389867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380767","display_name":"Corporate governance","level":2,"score":0.46540001034736633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017977704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18745135","display_name":"Health data","level":3,"score":0.4636000096797943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.43220001459121704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.4036000072956085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196879817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q872685","display_name":"Data governance","level":4,"score":0.3986999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.39239999651908875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180198813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121182","display_name":"Information system","level":2,"score":0.33090001344680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121017731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11661","display_name":"Information technology","level":2,"score":0.3000999987125397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107327155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q330268","display_name":"Decision support system","level":2,"score":0.29660001397132874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.29170000553131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780433410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5276090","display_name":"Digital health","level":3,"score":0.28949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.28630000352859497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.2752000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145642194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q870895","display_name":"Health informatics","level":3,"score":0.27379998564720154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48243021","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932522","display_name":"Strategic planning","level":2,"score":0.259799987077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71745522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2476929","display_name":"Confidentiality","level":2,"score":0.257999986410141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110354214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6314146","display_name":"Engineering management","level":1,"score":0.2547999918460846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133462117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4929239","display_name":"Data collection","level":2,"score":0.25360000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189922023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17056348","display_name":"Information governance","level":4,"score":0.2531999945640564}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fdgth.2025.1685774","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fdgth.2025.1685774","pdf_url":"https://public-pages-files-2025.frontiersin.org/journals/digital-health/articles/10.3389/fdgth.2025.1685774/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210170686","display_name":"Frontiers in Digital Health","issn_l":"2673-253X","issn":["2673-253X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Digital Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41221485","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41221485","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in digital health","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b17832cbd49d4f9abe5c61a196bb6bc5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b17832cbd49d4f9abe5c61a196bb6bc5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Digital Health, Vol 7 (2025)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:11408287","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12597924","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fdgth.2025.1685774","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fdgth.2025.1685774","pdf_url":"https://public-pages-files-2025.frontiersin.org/journals/digital-health/articles/10.3389/fdgth.2025.1685774/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210170686","display_name":"Frontiers in Digital Health","issn_l":"2673-253X","issn":["2673-253X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Digital Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4415567257.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4415567257.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2088034062","https://openalex.org/W3013656312","https://openalex.org/W3201583856","https://openalex.org/W4281653602","https://openalex.org/W4311670413"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"The":[1,85,110,147,215,252],"Collaborative":[2],"Health":[3,34],"Information":[4],"European":[5,33],"Framework":[6],"(CHIEF)":[7],"supports":[8],"consistent":[9],"monitoring":[10],"of":[11,13,96,195,209,269,282,311],"quality":[12],"care":[14],"and":[15,25,43,52,59,71,81,89,106,119,157,161,168,201,226,232,237,248,262,271,288,299],"outcomes,":[16],"through":[17],"a":[18,45,73,187,242],"cohesive":[19],"information":[20,250],"infrastructure":[21],"aligned":[22],"with":[23,99],"legal":[24,62],"ethical":[26],"standards,":[27],"to":[28,31,40,48,76,92,115,124,142,190,230,278],"ensure":[29],"preparedness":[30,210],"the":[32,56,94,107,150,192,212,220,223,267,280,283,312],"Data":[35,78],"Space":[36],"(EHDS).":[37],"We":[38,69],"aimed":[39],"define,":[41],"develop":[42],"apply":[44],"practical":[46],"solution":[47],"help":[49,158],"data":[50,53,66,101,159,162,182,197,234],"controllers":[51,160],"holders":[54,163],"navigating":[55],"increasingly":[57],"complex":[58],"rapidly":[60],"evolving":[61],"conditions":[63],"for":[64,133,181,198,211,245,266,292],"health":[65,196,203,249],"governance.":[67],"Methods:":[68],"designed":[70,114],"applied":[72],"modular":[74],"questionnaire":[75],"enable":[77,191],"Protection,":[79],"Interoperability":[80],"Governance":[82],"Assessment":[83],"(DIGA).":[84],"tool":[86,229,254,284],"combines":[87],"quantitative":[88],"qualitative":[90],"analysis":[91],"measure":[93],"level":[95,208],"institutional":[97,257],"compliance":[98],"EU":[100],"protection":[102],"laws,":[103],"governance":[104],"standards":[105],"EHDS":[108,213],"Regulation.":[109,214],"instrument":[111],"has":[112],"been":[113],"enhance":[116],"its":[117,144,307],"usability":[118],"flexible":[120],"implementation,":[121],"allowing":[122],"users":[123,175],"focus":[125],"on":[126],"sections":[127],"that":[128,174],"are":[129,276],"considered":[130],"most":[131],"relevant":[132],"their":[134],"operational":[135],"purposes.":[136],"A":[137],"test":[138,143],"survey":[139,221],"was":[140],"run":[141],"applicability.":[145],"Results:":[146],"study":[148],"demonstrated":[149],"tool's":[151,224],"effectiveness":[152],"in":[153,164,309],"capturing":[154],"real-world":[155],"practices":[156],"identifying":[165],"both":[166,199],"strengths":[167],"critical":[169],"gaps.":[170],"Survey":[171],"results":[172],"showed":[173,186],"have":[176],"already":[177],"established":[178],"solid":[179],"foundations":[180],"protection.":[183],"Participating":[184],"centres":[185],"moderate-to-high":[188],"capacity":[189],"secondary":[193],"use":[194],"research":[200],"public":[202],"purposes,":[204],"reflecting":[205],"an":[206],"encouraging":[207],"user":[216],"feedback":[217],"collected":[218],"alongside":[219],"confirmed":[222],"relevance":[225],"usability.":[227],"Conclusions:":[228],"monitor":[231],"improve":[233],"protection,":[235],"interoperability":[236],"governance,":[238],"which":[239],"may":[240],"represent":[241],"strategic":[243],"resource":[244],"disease":[246,300],"registries":[247],"systems.":[251],"DIGA":[253],"can":[255],"support":[256],"self-assessment,":[258],"fostering":[259],"regulatory":[260],"readiness":[261],"generating":[263],"meaningful":[264],"insights":[265],"implementation":[268],"national":[270],"EU-level":[272],"policies.":[273],"Further":[274],"studies":[275],"needed":[277],"assess":[279],"reliability":[281],"under":[285],"different":[286],"conditions,":[287],"refine":[289],"it":[290],"accordingly":[291],"large-scale":[293],"implementation.":[294],"Validation":[295],"across":[296],"multiple":[297],"networks":[298],"domains":[301],"within":[302],"CHIEF":[303],"will":[304],"allow":[305],"strengthening":[306],"role":[308],"preparation":[310],"EHDS.":[313]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T09:19:25.381259","created_date":"2025-10-28T00:00:00"}
