{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4311630969","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fdgth.2022.995497","title":"Changes in postoperative opioid prescribing across three diverse healthcare systems, 2010\u20132020","display_name":"Changes in postoperative opioid prescribing across three diverse healthcare systems, 2010\u20132020","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-12-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4311630969","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fdgth.2022.995497","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36561925"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fdgth.2022.995497","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fdgth.2022.995497","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fdgth.2022.995497/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210170686","display_name":"Frontiers in Digital Health","issn_l":"2673-253X","issn":["2673-253X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Digital Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fdgth.2022.995497/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031115761","display_name":"Jean Coquet","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7008-6925"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jean Coquet","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064018161","display_name":"Alban Zammit","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2524-1113"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alban Zammit","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computational & Mathematical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computational & Mathematical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027823503","display_name":"Oualid El Hajouji","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oualid El Hajouji","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computational & Mathematical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computational & Mathematical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043545187","display_name":"Keith Humphreys","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0694-5761"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1322918889","display_name":"United States Department of Veterans Affairs","ror":"https://ror.org/05rsv9s98","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322918889"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keith Humphreys","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychiatry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States","United States Department of Veterans Affairs, Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"United States Department of Veterans Affairs, Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1322918889"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064421397","display_name":"Steven M. Asch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5838-5335"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1322918889","display_name":"United States Department of Veterans Affairs","ror":"https://ror.org/05rsv9s98","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322918889"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steven M. Asch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States","United States Department of Veterans Affairs, Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"United States Department of Veterans Affairs, Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1322918889"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025760626","display_name":"Thomas F. Osborne","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8896-2487"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1322918889","display_name":"United States Department of Veterans Affairs","ror":"https://ror.org/05rsv9s98","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322918889"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas F. Osborne","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States","United States Department of Veterans Affairs, Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"United States Department of Veterans Affairs, Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1322918889"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028630773","display_name":"Catherine Curtin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0850-9277"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204866599","display_name":"VA Palo Alto Health Care System","ror":"https://ror.org/00nr17z89","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322918889","https://openalex.org/I204866599","https://openalex.org/I2799886695","https://openalex.org/I4210125474"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Catherine M. Curtin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States","Department of Surgery, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Menlo Park, CA, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Surgery, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Menlo Park, CA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204866599"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023944464","display_name":"Tina Hernandez\u2010Boussard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6553-3455"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tina Hernandez-Boussard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States","Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States","Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023944464"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"],"apc_list":{"value":1900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1900},"apc_paid":{"value":1900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1900},"fwci":2.0301,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86540943,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":null,"first_page":"995497","last_page":"995497"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10576","display_name":"Opioid Use Disorder Treatment","score":0.9743000268936157,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10576","display_name":"Opioid Use Disorder Treatment","score":0.9743000268936157,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11199","display_name":"Pain Management and Opioid Use","score":0.005799999926239252,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2703","display_name":"Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11860","display_name":"HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk","score":0.0019000000320374966,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicaid","display_name":"Medicaid","score":0.8825383186340332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.791528046131134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/opioid","display_name":"Opioid","score":0.7370180487632751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-prescription","display_name":"Medical prescription","score":0.6008255481719971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emergency-medicine","display_name":"Emergency medicine","score":0.5131462216377258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/morphine","display_name":"Morphine","score":0.4126170873641968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care","display_name":"Health care","score":0.4086615741252899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demography","display_name":"Demography","score":0.3402942419052124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/family-medicine","display_name":"Family medicine","score":0.3239510953426361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.31663209199905396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nursing","display_name":"Nursing","score":0.14150512218475342}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776534028","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1141363","display_name":"Medicaid","level":3,"score":0.8825383186340332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.791528046131134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781063702","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q427523","display_name":"Opioid","level":3,"score":0.7370180487632751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2426938","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3355478","display_name":"Medical prescription","level":2,"score":0.6008255481719971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194828623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2861470","display_name":"Emergency medicine","level":1,"score":0.5131462216377258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777389121","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81225","display_name":"Morphine","level":2,"score":0.4126170873641968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.4086615741252899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.3402942419052124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.3239510953426361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.31663209199905396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.14150512218475342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fdgth.2022.995497","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fdgth.2022.995497","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fdgth.2022.995497/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210170686","display_name":"Frontiers in Digital Health","issn_l":"2673-253X","issn":["2673-253X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Digital Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36561925","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36561925","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in digital health","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:aa6119688e964d82b6814380fe9cf97d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/aa6119688e964d82b6814380fe9cf97d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Digital Health, Vol 4 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9763443","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9763443","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Front Digit Health","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fdgth.2022.995497","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fdgth.2022.995497","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fdgth.2022.995497/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210170686","display_name":"Frontiers in Digital Health","issn_l":"2673-253X","issn":["2673-253X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Digital Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8500000238418579,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4327809003","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01LM013362","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337372","funder_display_name":"U.S. National Library of Medicine"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6539855910","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01LM013362","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337372","display_name":"U.S. National Library of Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/0060t0j89"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4311630969.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4311630969.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1879651207","https://openalex.org/W2042716089","https://openalex.org/W2077618811","https://openalex.org/W2123809177","https://openalex.org/W2133347503","https://openalex.org/W2254317139","https://openalex.org/W2299630547","https://openalex.org/W2319317039","https://openalex.org/W2403191310","https://openalex.org/W2493659831","https://openalex.org/W2553683724","https://openalex.org/W2568849123","https://openalex.org/W2571240042","https://openalex.org/W2596840398","https://openalex.org/W2741912761","https://openalex.org/W2750020306","https://openalex.org/W2761170950","https://openalex.org/W2802262360","https://openalex.org/W2915096391","https://openalex.org/W3014746114","https://openalex.org/W3135000932","https://openalex.org/W3189473266","https://openalex.org/W4220974118","https://openalex.org/W4243509660","https://openalex.org/W6669642719","https://openalex.org/W6674763168"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2281130122","https://openalex.org/W3121145236","https://openalex.org/W3145365445","https://openalex.org/W2145833305","https://openalex.org/W4200076348","https://openalex.org/W4387241509","https://openalex.org/W2951611134","https://openalex.org/W1974171884","https://openalex.org/W2150198561","https://openalex.org/W1974242956"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Objective":[0],"The":[1,118],"opioid":[2,7,11,35,43,54,105,158,206,224],"crisis":[3],"brought":[4],"scrutiny":[5],"to":[6,31],"prescribing.":[8],"Understanding":[9],"how":[10],"prescribing":[12,44,55,207,225],"patterns":[13,45,56,226],"and":[14,74,103,111,143,149,169,175,202,216,227,235,249],"corresponding":[15],"patient":[16],"outcomes":[17,228],"changed":[18],"during":[19],"the":[20,39,86,131,178,197,209],"epidemic":[21],"is":[22,48,245],"essential":[23,246],"for":[24,247],"future":[25],"targeted":[26],"policies.":[27],"Many":[28],"studies":[29],"attempt":[30],"model":[32],"trends":[33],"in":[34,42,93,128,163],"prescriptions":[36],"therefore":[37],"understanding":[38],"temporal":[40,238],"shift":[41],"across":[46,57],"populations":[47,124],"necessary.":[49],"This":[50],"study":[51,132,198],"characterized":[52],"postoperative":[53,101,191],"different":[58,232],"populations,":[59],"2010\u20132020.":[60],"Data":[61,80],"Source":[62],"Administrative":[63],"data":[64,242],"from":[65],"Veteran":[66],"Health":[67],"Administration":[68],"(VHA),":[69],"six":[70],"Medicaid":[71,144,170,203],"state":[72],"programs":[73,204],"an":[75],"Academic":[76],"Medical":[77],"Center":[78],"(AMC).":[79],"extraction":[81],"Surgeries":[82],"were":[83,107],"identified":[84],"using":[85,109],"Clinical":[87],"Classifications":[88],"Software.":[89],"Study":[90],"Design":[91],"Trends":[92],"average":[94],"daily":[95],"discharge":[96],"Morphine":[97],"Milligram":[98],"Equivalent":[99],"(MME),":[100],"pain":[102,192],"subsequent":[104],"prescription":[106],"compared":[108],"regression":[110],"likelihood":[112],"ratio":[113],"test":[114],"statistics.":[115],"Principal":[116],"Findings":[117],"cohorts":[119],"included":[120],"595,106":[121],"patients,":[122],"with":[123,212],"that":[125],"varied":[126],"considerably":[127],"demographics.":[129],"Over":[130],"period,":[133],"MME":[134],"decreased":[135,160,205],"significantly":[136],"at":[137,151,177],"VHA":[138,164,201],"(37.5\u201330.1;":[139],"p":[140,146,154,166,172,181],"=":[141,147,173,182],"0.002)":[142,174],"(41.6\u201331.3;":[145],"0.019),":[148],"increased":[150],"AMC":[152,179],"(36.9\u201341.7;":[153],"<":[155,167],"0.001).":[156],"Persistent":[157],"users":[159],"after":[161],"2015":[162],"(":[165,171,180],"0.001)":[168],"increase":[176],"0.003),":[183],"although":[184],"a":[185],"low":[186],"rate":[187],"was":[188],"maintained.":[189],"Average":[190],"scores":[193],"remained":[194],"constant":[195],"over":[196,208],"period.":[199],"Conclusions":[200],"past":[210],"decade,":[211],"differing":[213],"response":[214],"times":[215],"rates.":[217],"In":[218],"2020,":[219],"these":[220,237],"systems":[221],"achieved":[222],"comparable":[223],"despite":[229],"having":[230],"very":[231],"populations.":[233],"Acknowledging":[234],"incorporating":[236],"distribution":[239],"shifts":[240],"into":[241],"learning":[243],"models":[244],"robust":[248],"generalizable":[250],"models.":[251]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}