{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4403980392","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fdata.2024.1452129","title":"Cognitive warfare: a conceptual analysis of the NATO ACT cognitive warfare exploratory concept","display_name":"Cognitive warfare: a conceptual analysis of the NATO ACT cognitive warfare exploratory concept","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4403980392","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fdata.2024.1452129","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39552633"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fdata.2024.1452129","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fdata.2024.1452129","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/big-data/articles/10.3389/fdata.2024.1452129/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201220","display_name":"Frontiers in Big Data","issn_l":"2624-909X","issn":["2624-909X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Big Data","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/big-data/articles/10.3389/fdata.2024.1452129/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Christoph Deppe","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190134885","display_name":"Helmut Schmidt University","ror":"https://ror.org/04e8jbs38","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190134885"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Christoph Deppe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Helmut-Schmidt-University/University of the Federal Armed Forces, Hamburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Helmut-Schmidt-University/University of the Federal Armed Forces, Hamburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190134885"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088935177","display_name":"Gary S. Schaal","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190134885","display_name":"Helmut Schmidt University","ror":"https://ror.org/04e8jbs38","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190134885"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gary S. Schaal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Helmut-Schmidt-University/University of the Federal Armed Forces, Hamburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Helmut-Schmidt-University/University of the Federal Armed Forces, Hamburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190134885"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190134885"],"apc_list":{"value":1285,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1285},"apc_paid":{"value":1285,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1285},"fwci":60.0324,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":37,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99913742,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"1452129","last_page":"1452129"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12572","display_name":"Intelligence, Security, War Strategy","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12572","display_name":"Intelligence, Security, War Strategy","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13494","display_name":"Military History and Strategy","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13369","display_name":"European and Russian Geopolitical Military Strategies","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/politics","display_name":"Politics","score":0.5826234817504883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.5334674715995789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bridge","display_name":"Bridge (graph theory)","score":0.5215396881103516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.507921040058136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.5068901181221008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-ethics","display_name":"Engineering ethics","score":0.4609411954879761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/military-theory","display_name":"Military theory","score":0.44774869084358215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.3673325777053833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/management-science","display_name":"Management science","score":0.3361625075340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-science","display_name":"Cognitive science","score":0.3285641670227051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.2684965431690216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.25195440649986267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2115306854248047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.20255297422409058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.0820455551147461}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.5826234817504883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.5334674715995789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100776233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2532492","display_name":"Bridge (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.5215396881103516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.507921040058136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.5068901181221008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.4609411954879761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541409800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15680550","display_name":"Military theory","level":3,"score":0.44774869084358215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3673325777053833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.3361625075340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.3285641670227051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2684965431690216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.25195440649986267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2115306854248047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.20255297422409058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0820455551147461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fdata.2024.1452129","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fdata.2024.1452129","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/big-data/articles/10.3389/fdata.2024.1452129/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201220","display_name":"Frontiers in Big Data","issn_l":"2624-909X","issn":["2624-909X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Big Data","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:39552633","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39552633","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in big data","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11565700","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11565700","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11565700/pdf/fdata-07-1452129.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Front Big Data","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:35e74763651e466db87f387c8ac5eb71","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/35e74763651e466db87f387c8ac5eb71","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Big Data, Vol 7 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fdata.2024.1452129","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fdata.2024.1452129","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/big-data/articles/10.3389/fdata.2024.1452129/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201220","display_name":"Frontiers in Big Data","issn_l":"2624-909X","issn":["2624-909X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Big Data","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","score":0.4000000059604645}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4403980392.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4403980392.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W244865356","https://openalex.org/W1969741795","https://openalex.org/W2009952390","https://openalex.org/W2052615473","https://openalex.org/W2626245698","https://openalex.org/W2937225911","https://openalex.org/W3083684419","https://openalex.org/W3122671362","https://openalex.org/W3123058965","https://openalex.org/W4206403886","https://openalex.org/W4206951976","https://openalex.org/W4224074997","https://openalex.org/W4240193844","https://openalex.org/W4286225592","https://openalex.org/W4386162404","https://openalex.org/W4386420879","https://openalex.org/W6839528657","https://openalex.org/W6892491243","https://openalex.org/W7071619215"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1501776718","https://openalex.org/W2615136228","https://openalex.org/W657108774","https://openalex.org/W2390192952","https://openalex.org/W2480620430","https://openalex.org/W2081348319","https://openalex.org/W1974622901","https://openalex.org/W4248151009","https://openalex.org/W3127991229","https://openalex.org/W2074627502"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"evaluates":[2],"NATO":[3],"ACT's":[4],"cognitive":[5,73],"warfare":[6,74],"concept":[7],"from":[8,42],"a":[9,32],"political":[10,59,81],"science":[11,82],"perspective,":[12],"exploring":[13],"its":[14,20,56],"utility":[15],"beyond":[16],"military":[17,47,65],"applications.":[18],"Despite":[19],"growing":[21],"presence":[22],"in":[23],"scholarly":[24,87],"discourse,":[25],"the":[26],"concept's":[27],"interdisciplinary":[28],"nature":[29],"has":[30],"hindered":[31],"unified":[33],"definition.":[34],"By":[35],"analyzing":[36],"NATO's":[37,72],"framework,":[38],"developed":[39],"with":[40],"input":[41],"diverse":[43],"disciplines":[44],"and":[45,48,66,70,84],"both":[46],"civilian":[49,67],"researchers,":[50],"this":[51],"paper":[52],"seeks":[53],"to":[54,58,63],"assess":[55],"applicability":[57],"science.":[60],"It":[61],"aims":[62],"bridge":[64],"research":[68,83],"divides":[69],"refine":[71],"approach,":[75],"offering":[76],"significant":[77],"implications":[78],"for":[79],"enhancing":[80],"fostering":[85],"integrated":[86],"collaboration.":[88]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":18}],"updated_date":"2026-08-05T07:39:15.569665","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
