{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7128528868","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomp.2026.1739223","title":"Dynamic request-aware fog-node deployment for latency reduction using RTKDE and EHWMA","display_name":"Dynamic request-aware fog-node deployment for latency reduction using RTKDE and EHWMA","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7128528868","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomp.2026.1739223"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fcomp.2026.1739223","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomp.2026.1739223","pdf_url":"https://public-pages-files-2025.frontiersin.org/journals/computer-science/articles/10.3389/fcomp.2026.1739223/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210211086","display_name":"Frontiers in Computer Science","issn_l":"2624-9898","issn":["2624-9898"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://public-pages-files-2025.frontiersin.org/journals/computer-science/articles/10.3389/fcomp.2026.1739223/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078035004","display_name":"A. Aalan Babu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119668213","display_name":"Karunya University","ror":"https://ror.org/03k23nv15","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119668213"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anju Babu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences","Sahrdaya College of Engineering and Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119668213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sahrdaya College of Engineering and Technology","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011617766","display_name":"G. Josemin Bala","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4696-8028"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119668213","display_name":"Karunya University","ror":"https://ror.org/03k23nv15","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119668213"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. Josemin Bala","raw_affiliation_strings":["Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119668213"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1150,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1150},"apc_paid":{"value":1150,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1150},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.1584077,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.8366000056266785,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.8366000056266785,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14347","display_name":"Big Data and Digital Economy","score":0.01549999974668026,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.012900000438094139,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.7559999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.663100004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.39340001344680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduction","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","score":0.38839998841285706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.3804999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.34779998660087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-tolerance","display_name":"Fault tolerance","score":0.3400999903678894}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.7559999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7408999800682068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.663100004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.6169999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.39340001344680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.38839998841285706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.3804999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.34779998660087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63540848","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3140932","display_name":"Fault tolerance","level":2,"score":0.3400999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.3231000006198883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152745839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5438153","display_name":"Fault detection and isolation","level":3,"score":0.3190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3043999969959259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71134354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q458825","display_name":"Kernel density estimation","level":3,"score":0.30149999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46637626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6693015","display_name":"Low latency (capital markets)","level":2,"score":0.2770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13540734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5318996","display_name":"Dynamic network analysis","level":2,"score":0.2702000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778915421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3643177","display_name":"Performance improvement","level":2,"score":0.26330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.26179999113082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.25429999828338623}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fcomp.2026.1739223","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomp.2026.1739223","pdf_url":"https://public-pages-files-2025.frontiersin.org/journals/computer-science/articles/10.3389/fcomp.2026.1739223/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210211086","display_name":"Frontiers in Computer Science","issn_l":"2624-9898","issn":["2624-9898"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a8774f45e1c642be8cdbbaadd62896bd","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a8774f45e1c642be8cdbbaadd62896bd","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Computer Science, Vol 8 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fcomp.2026.1739223","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomp.2026.1739223","pdf_url":"https://public-pages-files-2025.frontiersin.org/journals/computer-science/articles/10.3389/fcomp.2026.1739223/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210211086","display_name":"Frontiers in Computer Science","issn_l":"2624-9898","issn":["2624-9898"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7128528868.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4212872464","https://openalex.org/W4220749445","https://openalex.org/W4297491384","https://openalex.org/W4304182480","https://openalex.org/W4317423293","https://openalex.org/W4399206915","https://openalex.org/W4400038442","https://openalex.org/W4401345581","https://openalex.org/W4402435483","https://openalex.org/W4402822942","https://openalex.org/W4404688256","https://openalex.org/W4405304626","https://openalex.org/W4406012598","https://openalex.org/W4406781683","https://openalex.org/W4407168528","https://openalex.org/W4407168692","https://openalex.org/W4409111965","https://openalex.org/W4409916705","https://openalex.org/W4410960110","https://openalex.org/W4412437954","https://openalex.org/W4414205886"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Fog":[0],"computing":[1],"integrated":[2],"with":[3],"healthcare":[4,48],"Internet":[5],"of":[6,139,151,160,167],"Things":[7],"(IoT)":[8],"systems":[9],"enables":[10],"low-latency":[11],"processing":[12],"for":[13,170],"time-critical":[14],"medical":[15],"applications.":[16],"However,":[17],"dynamic":[18,39,61],"request":[19,62,72],"variations,":[20],"limited":[21],"fog":[22,80],"resources,":[23],"and":[24,31,64,85,110,162,179,194],"node":[25],"failures":[26],"can":[27],"significantly":[28],"increase":[29],"latency":[30,46,166,192],"reduce":[32],"system":[33],"reliability.":[34,195],"This":[35],"paper":[36],"proposes":[37],"a":[38,106,124,145,155,165,182],"request-aware":[40],"fog-node":[41,103],"deployment":[42],"framework":[43],"to":[44,59],"mitigate":[45],"in":[47,186],"fog-computing":[49],"platforms.":[50],"Recurrent":[51,113],"Tuned":[52],"Kernel":[53],"Density":[54],"Estimation":[55],"(RTKDE)":[56],"is":[57,99],"used":[58],"detect":[60],"changes,":[63],"Exponentially":[65],"Half-life":[66],"Weighted":[67,126],"Moving":[68],"Average":[69],"(EHWMA)":[70],"assesses":[71],"growth":[73],"trends.":[74],"Based":[75],"on":[76],"the":[77,89,137,140],"estimated":[78],"workload,":[79],"nodes":[81],"are":[82,121],"adaptively":[83],"scaled":[84],"optimally":[86],"deployed":[87],"using":[88,105,123,134],"Secretary":[90],"Halton":[91],"Sequenced":[92],"Bird":[93],"Optimization":[94],"Algorithm":[95],"(SHSBOA).":[96],"System":[97],"reliability":[98],"enhanced":[100],"through":[101],"faulty":[102],"detection":[104,177],"Bidirectional":[107],"Successive":[108],"Halving":[109],"Attention":[111],"Gated":[112],"Unit":[114],"(BiSHAGRU)":[115],"model,":[116],"while":[117],"redundant":[118,187],"fog-to-cloud":[119],"transmissions":[120],"reduced":[122],"Multi-Agent":[125],"Reward":[127],"Reinforcement":[128],"Learning":[129],"(MAWRRL)":[130],"approach.":[131],"Simulation":[132],"results":[133],"iFogSim":[135],"demonstrate":[136],"effectiveness":[138],"proposed":[141],"framework.":[142],"RTKDE":[143],"achieves":[144,174],"Mean":[146,156],"Integrated":[147],"Square":[148,157],"Error":[149,158],"(MISE)":[150],"0.042,":[152],"EHWMA":[153],"attains":[154,181],"(MSE)":[159],"0.006,":[161],"SHSBOA":[163],"records":[164],"3,122":[168],"ms":[169],"100":[171],"requests.":[172],"BiSHAGRU":[173],"99.23%":[175],"fault":[176],"accuracy,":[178],"MAWRRL":[180],"93.02%":[183],"success":[184],"rate":[185],"data":[188],"handling,":[189],"confirming":[190],"improved":[191],"reduction":[193]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2026-02-11T00:00:00"}
