{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414765511","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomp.2025.1670238","title":"Market malicious bidding user detection based on multi-agent reinforcement learning","display_name":"Market malicious bidding user detection based on multi-agent reinforcement learning","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414765511","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomp.2025.1670238"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fcomp.2025.1670238","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomp.2025.1670238","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/computer-science/articles/10.3389/fcomp.2025.1670238/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210211086","display_name":"Frontiers in Computer Science","issn_l":"2624-9898","issn":["2624-9898"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/computer-science/articles/10.3389/fcomp.2025.1670238/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115605008","display_name":"Peng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0043-1487"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I916048824","display_name":"Hunan First Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00s9d1a36","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I916048824"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information, Hunan First Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information, Hunan First Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I916048824"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100645421","display_name":"Yimeng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1394-6730"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I916048824","display_name":"Hunan First Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00s9d1a36","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I916048824"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yimeng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information, Hunan First Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information, Hunan First Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I916048824"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044151293","display_name":"Yilin Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5853-6908"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I916048824","display_name":"Hunan First Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00s9d1a36","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I916048824"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yilin Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information, Hunan First Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information, Hunan First Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I916048824"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101074099","display_name":"Lan Yin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I916048824","display_name":"Hunan First Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00s9d1a36","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I916048824"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yin Lan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information, Hunan First Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information, Hunan First Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I916048824"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103686069","display_name":"Ziyang Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8805-6103"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I916048824","display_name":"Hunan First Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00s9d1a36","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I916048824"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ziyang Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information, Hunan First Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information, Hunan First Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I916048824"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107983832","display_name":"Di Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7031-3315"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I916048824","display_name":"Hunan First Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00s9d1a36","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I916048824"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Di Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information, Hunan First Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information, Hunan First Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I916048824"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054977113","display_name":"Liang Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8351-3332"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182722699","display_name":"Shenzhen Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/00d2w9g53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182722699"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yu Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Artificial Intelligence, Shenzhen Polytechnic University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Shenzhen Polytechnic University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182722699"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5054977113"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182722699"],"apc_list":{"value":1150,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1150},"apc_paid":{"value":1150,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1150},"fwci":2.0267,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90031555,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.964900016784668,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.964900016784668,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11980","display_name":"Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis","score":0.9251000285148621,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bidding","display_name":"Bidding","score":0.8118000030517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.8093000054359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covert","display_name":"Covert","score":0.6886000037193298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.5942999720573425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptability","display_name":"Adaptability","score":0.4284000098705292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/imitation","display_name":"Imitation","score":0.3190000057220459}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9233905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3276328","display_name":"Bidding","level":2,"score":0.8118000030517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.8093000054359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779338814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5179285","display_name":"Covert","level":2,"score":0.6886000037193298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.5942999720573425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177606310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5674297","display_name":"Adaptability","level":2,"score":0.4284000098705292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4223000109195709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3873000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.32030001282691956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126388530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1131737","display_name":"Imitation","level":2,"score":0.3190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55439883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q360812","display_name":"Correctness","level":2,"score":0.29980000853538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.28999999165534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.28299999237060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.2567000091075897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.2549000084400177}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fcomp.2025.1670238","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomp.2025.1670238","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/computer-science/articles/10.3389/fcomp.2025.1670238/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210211086","display_name":"Frontiers in Computer Science","issn_l":"2624-9898","issn":["2624-9898"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e9c38deeda754629bde32594a5a5aa36","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e9c38deeda754629bde32594a5a5aa36","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Computer Science, Vol 7 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fcomp.2025.1670238","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomp.2025.1670238","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/computer-science/articles/10.3389/fcomp.2025.1670238/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210211086","display_name":"Frontiers in Computer Science","issn_l":"2624-9898","issn":["2624-9898"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321878","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4414765511.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2743034119","https://openalex.org/W3011411850","https://openalex.org/W3011665372","https://openalex.org/W3046985810","https://openalex.org/W3135746252","https://openalex.org/W3137986712","https://openalex.org/W3201072786","https://openalex.org/W4210360375","https://openalex.org/W4287817285","https://openalex.org/W4321601856","https://openalex.org/W4386206110","https://openalex.org/W4390582872","https://openalex.org/W4390818097","https://openalex.org/W4391388351","https://openalex.org/W4392170006","https://openalex.org/W4392388527","https://openalex.org/W4393380739","https://openalex.org/W4396592620","https://openalex.org/W4396711855","https://openalex.org/W4398757578","https://openalex.org/W4404459472","https://openalex.org/W4404727494","https://openalex.org/W4408100556","https://openalex.org/W4409426611","https://openalex.org/W4411100896","https://openalex.org/W4415108121","https://openalex.org/W6910768213"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,30,100,124,137,158,194],"rapid":[2],"growth":[3],"of":[4,111,160,196],"e-commerce":[5],"and":[6,35,80,147,154,179],"online":[7],"auction":[8],"markets,":[9],"malicious":[10,57,112,197],"bidding":[11,58,78],"activities":[12],"have":[13],"severely":[14],"disrupted":[15],"market":[16,184],"order.":[17],"Traditional":[18],"detection":[19,51,118,177,195],"methods":[20],"face":[21],"limitations":[22],"due":[23],"to":[24,27,103,115],"their":[25,76],"inability":[26],"effectively":[28,187],"address":[29,44],"covert":[31],"nature,":[32],"dynamic":[33,96,146,183],"characteristics,":[34],"massive":[36],"data":[37],"volumes":[38],"associated":[39],"with":[40,88],"such":[41],"behaviors.":[42],"To":[43],"this":[45,47,92,173],"challenge,":[46],"paper":[48,93],"proposes":[49],"a":[50,95],"method":[52,174],"for":[53,99],"users":[54,70],"engaging":[55],"in":[56,130,135,164,181],"based":[59,120],"on":[60,121],"Multi-Agent":[61],"Reinforcement":[62],"Learning":[63],"(MARL).":[64],"This":[65,143],"approach":[66],"first":[67],"models":[68,163],"target":[69],"as":[71],"specialized":[72],"agents,":[73],"then":[74],"integrates":[75],"historical":[77],"data,":[79],"finally":[81],"learns":[82],"optimal":[83],"strategies":[84],"through":[85,151],"competitive":[86],"games":[87],"adversarial":[89],"agents.":[90],"Additionally,":[91],"designs":[94],"adjustment":[97],"mechanism":[98,144],"maliciousness":[101,140,149],"coefficient":[102],"simulate":[104],"user":[105,166],"behavior":[106],"changes,":[107],"enabling":[108],"precise":[109,148],"assessment":[110,150],"intent.":[113],"Compared":[114],"existing":[116],"fraud":[117],"approaches":[119],"reinforcement":[122],"learning,":[123],"fundamental":[125],"innovation":[126],"lies":[127],"not":[128],"merely":[129],"applying":[131],"MARL":[132,162],"technology,":[133],"but":[134],"introducing":[136],"novel":[138],"\u201cdynamic":[139],"coefficient\u201d":[141],"mechanism.":[142],"achieves":[145],"mathematical":[152],"modeling":[153],"real-time":[155],"iteration,":[156],"addressing":[157],"shortcomings":[159],"traditional":[161],"capturing":[165],"behavioral":[167],"heterogeneity.":[168],"Experimental":[169],"results":[170],"demonstrate":[171],"that":[172],"exhibits":[175],"higher":[176],"accuracy":[178],"adaptability":[180],"complex":[182],"environments.":[185],"It":[186],"captures":[188],"bidder":[189],"interaction":[190],"relationships,":[191],"significantly":[192],"enhancing":[193],"behavior.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
