{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408206416","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomp.2025.1470038","title":"Twenty-two years of advancements in augmented and virtual reality: a bibliometric and systematic review","display_name":"Twenty-two years of advancements in augmented and virtual reality: a bibliometric and systematic review","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-03-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408206416","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomp.2025.1470038"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fcomp.2025.1470038","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomp.2025.1470038","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/computer-science/articles/10.3389/fcomp.2025.1470038/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210211086","display_name":"Frontiers in Computer Science","issn_l":"2624-9898","issn":["2624-9898"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/computer-science/articles/10.3389/fcomp.2025.1470038/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059584369","display_name":"Sheena Angra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1496-3970"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74319210","display_name":"Chitkara University","ror":"https://ror.org/057d6z539","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74319210"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sheena Angra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74319210"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088314149","display_name":"Shinnu Jangra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6636-4291"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74319210","display_name":"Chitkara University","ror":"https://ror.org/057d6z539","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74319210"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shinnu Jangra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74319210"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093901497","display_name":"Yonis Gulzar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165529","display_name":"University of Business and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05tcr1n44","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210165529"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4626487","display_name":"King Faisal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00dn43547","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4626487"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yonis Gulzar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Management Information Systems, College of Business Administration, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Management Information Systems, College of Business Administration, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4626487","https://openalex.org/I4210165529"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101505910","display_name":"Bhanu Sharma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6392-525X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74319210","display_name":"Chitkara University","ror":"https://ror.org/057d6z539","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74319210"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bhanu Sharma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74319210"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055161545","display_name":"Gurjinder Singh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9708-8608"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74319210","display_name":"Chitkara University","ror":"https://ror.org/057d6z539","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74319210"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gurjinder Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74319210"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5095927723","display_name":"Choo Wou Onn","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12649496","display_name":"INTI International University","ror":"https://ror.org/03fj82m46","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12649496"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Choo Wou Onn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Data Science and Information Technology, INTI International University, Nilai, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Data Science and Information Technology, INTI International University, Nilai, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12649496"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5093901497","https://openalex.org/A5101505910"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165529","https://openalex.org/I4626487","https://openalex.org/I74319210"],"apc_list":{"value":1150,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1150},"apc_paid":{"value":1150,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1150},"fwci":6.0261,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96067594,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10888","display_name":"Augmented Reality Applications","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10888","display_name":"Augmented Reality Applications","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9424999952316284,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/augmented-reality","display_name":"Augmented reality","score":0.7490458488464355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality","display_name":"Virtual reality","score":0.6183362603187561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.38173556327819824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.33744487166404724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.2482820749282837}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153715457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254183","display_name":"Augmented reality","level":2,"score":0.7490458488464355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.6183362603187561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.38173556327819824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.33744487166404724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.2482820749282837}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fcomp.2025.1470038","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomp.2025.1470038","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/computer-science/articles/10.3389/fcomp.2025.1470038/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210211086","display_name":"Frontiers in Computer Science","issn_l":"2624-9898","issn":["2624-9898"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:5aa2002071a24888b61391388fc3ba38","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/5aa2002071a24888b61391388fc3ba38","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Computer Science, Vol 7 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fcomp.2025.1470038","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomp.2025.1470038","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/computer-science/articles/10.3389/fcomp.2025.1470038/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210211086","display_name":"Frontiers in Computer Science","issn_l":"2624-9898","issn":["2624-9898"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4408206416.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2026948010","https://openalex.org/W2047761067","https://openalex.org/W2071215013","https://openalex.org/W2109819225","https://openalex.org/W2184103263","https://openalex.org/W2460370729","https://openalex.org/W2794717185","https://openalex.org/W2798412740","https://openalex.org/W2909012991","https://openalex.org/W2944810297","https://openalex.org/W2964565761","https://openalex.org/W2979186555","https://openalex.org/W3000334388","https://openalex.org/W3021444661","https://openalex.org/W3035630226","https://openalex.org/W3036864529","https://openalex.org/W3080594237","https://openalex.org/W3117951887","https://openalex.org/W3163609937","https://openalex.org/W3184268119","https://openalex.org/W3197926781","https://openalex.org/W3201716330","https://openalex.org/W3212985222","https://openalex.org/W3216254353","https://openalex.org/W4210667033","https://openalex.org/W4213444339","https://openalex.org/W4220723226","https://openalex.org/W4223454838","https://openalex.org/W4225595226","https://openalex.org/W4281853811","https://openalex.org/W4282835049","https://openalex.org/W4286007889","https://openalex.org/W4315701240","https://openalex.org/W4318262291","https://openalex.org/W4321599250","https://openalex.org/W4366549390","https://openalex.org/W4372348480","https://openalex.org/W4385578166","https://openalex.org/W4404699054","https://openalex.org/W4406266996","https://openalex.org/W6656965705","https://openalex.org/W6662537479","https://openalex.org/W6686553011","https://openalex.org/W6782287709","https://openalex.org/W6795764643","https://openalex.org/W6852025810","https://openalex.org/W6876511845"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2172197285","https://openalex.org/W4378228679","https://openalex.org/W2736982640","https://openalex.org/W4378228262","https://openalex.org/W3107375852","https://openalex.org/W2752321621","https://openalex.org/W2789244453"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Purpose":[0],"The":[1,110,133,178,223,242,266],"study":[2,34,224,267],"aimed":[3],"to":[4,36,55,59,86,152,168,235,254,275],"investigate":[5],"the":[6,28,33,46,74,88,122,136,140,159,163,183,196,269,277],"utilization":[7,174,215],"of":[8,41,90,102,116,175,185,271,280],"immersive":[9,91,119,186,201],"technologies,":[10],"such":[11,96,290],"as":[12,97,139,291],"augmented":[13],"reality":[14,18],"(AR)":[15],"and":[16,61,105,154,173,214,232,239,257,282,284,294],"virtual":[17],"(VR),":[19],"in":[20,45,144,158,207,220,252],"various":[21,189],"domains,":[22],"with":[23,126,287],"a":[24,38,64,79,113,127,170,261],"particular":[25],"focus":[26],"on":[27,118],"teaching\u2013learning":[29,197],"process.":[30],"In":[31,77],"addition,":[32,78],"sought":[35],"conduct":[37],"bibliometric":[39,65],"analysis":[40,66,134],"relevant":[42],"articles":[43,71],"indexed":[44],"SCOPUS":[47,75],"database.":[48,76],"Methods":[49],"A":[50],"comprehensive":[51,171],"search":[52],"was":[53,67,84],"conducted":[54],"identify":[56],"papers":[57],"related":[58],"AR":[60,153,281],"VR.":[62],"Subsequently,":[63],"carried":[68],"out":[69],"using":[70],"retrieved":[72],"from":[73],"systematic":[80],"literature":[81],"review":[82],"(SLR)":[83],"undertaken":[85],"elucidate":[87],"application":[89],"technologies":[92,120,187,202,289],"across":[93,188,216],"diverse":[94],"fields,":[95],"machine":[98,292],"learning":[99,209,293],"(ML),":[100],"Internet":[101],"Things":[103],"(IoT),":[104],"artificial":[106,295],"intelligence":[107],"(AI).":[108],"Results":[109],"findings":[111,243],"indicated":[112],"gradual":[114],"consolidation":[115],"studies":[117],"over":[121],"past":[123],"two":[124],"decades,":[125],"notable":[128],"turning":[129],"point":[130],"around":[131],"2015.":[132],"identified":[135],"United":[137],"States":[138],"most":[141],"influential":[142],"country":[143],"this":[145],"domain.":[146],"However,":[147],"despite":[148],"advancements,":[149],"research":[150,230,249,273],"specific":[151],"VR":[155,283],"is":[156],"still":[157],"early":[160],"stages,":[161],"suggesting":[162],"necessity":[164],"for":[165,263],"further":[166],"investigation":[167],"achieve":[169],"understanding":[172],"these":[176],"technologies.":[177],"SLR":[179],"provided":[180],"insights":[181,245],"into":[182,246],"integration":[184,286],"disciplines,":[190],"highlighting":[191],"their":[192,211,285],"potential":[193,206],"applications":[194],"beyond":[195],"context.":[198],"Conclusion":[199],"While":[200],"have":[203],"demonstrated":[204],"significant":[205],"enhancing":[208],"experiences,":[210],"widespread":[212],"adoption":[213],"different":[217],"sectors":[218],"remain":[219],"nascent":[221],"stages.":[222],"investigates":[225],"key":[226],"technological":[227,258],"effects,":[228],"global":[229],"collaborations,":[231],"developing":[233],"themes":[234],"determine":[236],"critical":[237],"trends":[238],"knowledge":[240],"gaps.":[241],"suggest":[244],"how":[247],"AR/VR":[248],"has":[250],"grown":[251],"response":[253],"user":[255],"needs":[256],"innovations,":[259],"providing":[260],"roadmap":[262],"future":[264],"analyses.":[265],"underscores":[268],"importance":[270],"continued":[272],"efforts":[274],"explore":[276],"full":[278],"capabilities":[279],"emerging":[288],"intelligence.":[296]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
