{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4404427705","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomp.2024.1473457","title":"Multimodal Fake News Detection with Contrastive Learning and Optimal Transport","display_name":"Multimodal Fake News Detection with Contrastive Learning and Optimal Transport","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-11-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4404427705","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomp.2024.1473457"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fcomp.2024.1473457","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomp.2024.1473457","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/computer-science/articles/10.3389/fcomp.2024.1473457/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210211086","display_name":"Frontiers in Computer Science","issn_l":"2624-9898","issn":["2624-9898"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/computer-science/articles/10.3389/fcomp.2024.1473457/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041930273","display_name":"Xixi Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5824-6762"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaorong Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Big Data Research Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","i-Large Model Innovation Lab of Ideological and Political Science, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Big Data Research Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"i-Large Model Innovation Lab of Ideological and Political Science, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025214477","display_name":"M. Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8578-7284"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maowei Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Big Data Research Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Big Data Research Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085827951","display_name":"Zheng Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0294-1990"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zheng Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Big Data Research Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Big Data Research Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034595624","display_name":"Shi\u2010Min Cai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2089-5150"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shimin Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Big Data Research Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Big Data Research Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090925242","display_name":"Tao Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0561-2316"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Big Data Research Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Big Data Research Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5034595624"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"],"apc_list":{"value":1150,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1150},"apc_paid":{"value":1150,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1150},"fwci":15.7204,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99012747,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9786999821662903,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fake-news","display_name":"Fake news","score":0.8127220869064331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contrastive-analysis","display_name":"Contrastive analysis","score":0.576442301273346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4890612065792084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.39175426959991455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.3800104558467865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.3527263402938843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.057926326990127563}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779756789","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28549308","display_name":"Fake news","level":2,"score":0.8127220869064331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777629044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q614959","display_name":"Contrastive analysis","level":2,"score":0.576442301273346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4890612065792084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.39175426959991455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3800104558467865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.3527263402938843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.057926326990127563}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fcomp.2024.1473457","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomp.2024.1473457","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/computer-science/articles/10.3389/fcomp.2024.1473457/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210211086","display_name":"Frontiers in Computer Science","issn_l":"2624-9898","issn":["2624-9898"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:cdb5b5653dcc4ac89f9bbcfd4ed69b2e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/cdb5b5653dcc4ac89f9bbcfd4ed69b2e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Computer Science, Vol 6 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fcomp.2024.1473457","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomp.2024.1473457","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/computer-science/articles/10.3389/fcomp.2024.1473457/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210211086","display_name":"Frontiers in Computer Science","issn_l":"2624-9898","issn":["2624-9898"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.4000000059604645,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4404427705.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2084591134","https://openalex.org/W2187089797","https://openalex.org/W2531862055","https://openalex.org/W2604272474","https://openalex.org/W2612690371","https://openalex.org/W2737907513","https://openalex.org/W2741930413","https://openalex.org/W2742330194","https://openalex.org/W2749784378","https://openalex.org/W2766462585","https://openalex.org/W2793477525","https://openalex.org/W2896457183","https://openalex.org/W2912305564","https://openalex.org/W2983067441","https://openalex.org/W2994071599","https://openalex.org/W3003961771","https://openalex.org/W3012090365","https://openalex.org/W3037666784","https://openalex.org/W3094502228","https://openalex.org/W3156636935","https://openalex.org/W3157731560","https://openalex.org/W3175362188","https://openalex.org/W3176713826","https://openalex.org/W4224324956","https://openalex.org/W4320913149","https://openalex.org/W4366772622","https://openalex.org/W4382239958","https://openalex.org/W4382239959","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W4385570228","https://openalex.org/W4385825794","https://openalex.org/W4387422852","https://openalex.org/W4387805919","https://openalex.org/W4387846409","https://openalex.org/W4390480870","https://openalex.org/W4393152839","https://openalex.org/W4393153153","https://openalex.org/W4393160040","https://openalex.org/W4398255119","https://openalex.org/W4401024758","https://openalex.org/W6682962330","https://openalex.org/W6737976933","https://openalex.org/W6739901393","https://openalex.org/W6741832134","https://openalex.org/W6770717842","https://openalex.org/W6774314701","https://openalex.org/W6775245906","https://openalex.org/W6786614245","https://openalex.org/W6790019176","https://openalex.org/W6791353385","https://openalex.org/W6799858907","https://openalex.org/W6802755951","https://openalex.org/W6852174891","https://openalex.org/W6853741206","https://openalex.org/W6864676134"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2945865340","https://openalex.org/W4294495400","https://openalex.org/W4367176324","https://openalex.org/W2972340244","https://openalex.org/W1834428557","https://openalex.org/W3200487689","https://openalex.org/W2394697227","https://openalex.org/W3192129151","https://openalex.org/W2922545124","https://openalex.org/W4393199032"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Introduction":[0],"The":[1],"proliferation":[2],"of":[3,11,52,151],"social":[4],"media":[5],"platforms":[6],"has":[7],"facilitated":[8],"the":[9,122,149,180],"spread":[10],"fake":[12,27],"news,":[13],"posing":[14],"significant":[15],"risks":[16],"to":[17,120,134,147,200],"public":[18,176],"perception":[19],"and":[20,37,47,90,98,110,126,142,164,196],"societal":[21],"stability.":[22],"Existing":[23],"methods":[24],"for":[25],"multimodal":[26],"news":[28],"detection":[29,170],"have":[30],"made":[31],"important":[32],"progress":[33],"in":[34,44,58,161],"combining":[35],"textual":[36,97],"visual":[38,99],"information":[39,100],"but":[40],"still":[41],"face":[42],"challenges":[43,55],"effectively":[45],"aligning":[46],"merging":[48],"these":[49,71],"different":[50],"types":[51],"data.":[53],"These":[54],"often":[56],"result":[57],"incomplete":[59],"or":[60],"inaccurate":[61],"feature":[62,152,166],"representations,":[63,167],"thereby":[64],"limiting":[65],"overall":[66],"performance.":[67],"Methods":[68],"To":[69],"address":[70],"limitations,":[72],"we":[73,114,130,143],"propose":[74],"a":[75],"novel":[76],"framework":[77],"named":[78],"MCOT":[79,95,182],"(":[80],"M":[81],"ultimodal":[82],"Fake":[83],"News":[84],"Detection":[85],"with":[86],"C":[87],"ontrastive":[88],"Learning":[89],"O":[91],"ptimal":[92],"T":[93],"ransport).":[94],"integrates":[96],"through":[101],"three":[102],"key":[103],"components:":[104],"cross-modal":[105,117],"attention":[106,118],"mechanism,":[107],"contrastive":[108,132],"learning,":[109],"optimal":[111,145],"transport.":[112],"Specifically,":[113],"first":[115],"use":[116],"mechanism":[119],"enhance":[121],"interaction":[123],"between":[124],"text":[125],"image":[127],"features.":[128],"Then,":[129],"employ":[131],"learning":[133],"align":[135],"related":[136],"embeddings":[137],"while":[138],"distinguishing":[139],"unrelated":[140],"pairs,":[141],"apply":[144],"transport":[146],"refine":[148],"alignment":[150],"distributions":[153],"across":[154],"modalities.":[155,202],"Results":[156],"This":[157],"integrated":[158],"approach":[159],"results":[160,173],"more":[162],"precise":[163],"robust":[165],"thus":[168],"enhancing":[169],"accuracy.":[171],"Experimental":[172],"on":[174,192],"two":[175],"datasets":[177],"demonstrate":[178],"that":[179],"proposed":[181],"outperforms":[183],"state-of-the-art":[184],"methods.":[185],"Discussion":[186],"Our":[187],"future":[188],"work":[189],"will":[190],"focus":[191],"improving":[193],"its":[194,198],"generalization":[195],"expanding":[197],"capabilities":[199],"additional":[201]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-04-02T15:55:50.835912","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}