{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405338059","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomp.2024.1438126","title":"Automated diagnosis of respiratory diseases from lung ultrasound videos ensuring XAI: an innovative hybrid model approach","display_name":"Automated diagnosis of respiratory diseases from lung ultrasound videos ensuring XAI: an innovative hybrid model approach","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-12-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405338059","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomp.2024.1438126"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fcomp.2024.1438126","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomp.2024.1438126","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/computer-science/articles/10.3389/fcomp.2024.1438126/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210211086","display_name":"Frontiers in Computer Science","issn_l":"2624-9898","issn":["2624-9898"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/computer-science/articles/10.3389/fcomp.2024.1438126/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083784672","display_name":"Arefin Ittesafun Abian","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63169043","display_name":"United International University","ror":"https://ror.org/01tqv1p28","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63169043"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arefin Ittesafun Abian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, United International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, United International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63169043"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055795711","display_name":"Mohaimenul Azam Khan Raiaan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4793-5382"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63169043","display_name":"United International University","ror":"https://ror.org/01tqv1p28","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63169043"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohaimenul Azam Khan Raiaan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, United International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, United International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63169043"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010244781","display_name":"Asif Karim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8532-6816"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29894533","display_name":"Charles Darwin University","ror":"https://ror.org/048zcaj52","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29894533"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Asif Karim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Science and Technology, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Science and Technology, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29894533"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062716310","display_name":"Sami Azam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7572-9750"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29894533","display_name":"Charles Darwin University","ror":"https://ror.org/048zcaj52","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29894533"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sami Azam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Science and Technology, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Science and Technology, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29894533"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022918060","display_name":"Nur Mohammad Fahad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5445-6925"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63169043","display_name":"United International University","ror":"https://ror.org/01tqv1p28","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63169043"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nur Mohammad Fahad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, United International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, United International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63169043"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036342527","display_name":"Niusha Shafiabady","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7668-8524"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86695891","display_name":"Australian Catholic University","ror":"https://ror.org/04cxm4j25","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86695891"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Niusha Shafiabady","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Technology, Australian Catholic University, North Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology, Australian Catholic University, North Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86695891"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080142991","display_name":"Kheng Cher Yeo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0453-3248"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29894533","display_name":"Charles Darwin University","ror":"https://ror.org/048zcaj52","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29894533"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kheng Cher Yeo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Science and Technology, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Science and Technology, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29894533"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026775595","display_name":"Friso De Boer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4946-4175"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29894533","display_name":"Charles Darwin University","ror":"https://ror.org/048zcaj52","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29894533"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Friso De Boer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Science and Technology, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Science and Technology, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29894533"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5010244781"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29894533"],"apc_list":{"value":1150,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1150},"apc_paid":{"value":1150,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1150},"fwci":4.3108,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95079762,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11738","display_name":"Ultrasound in Clinical Applications","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2706","display_name":"Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11738","display_name":"Ultrasound in Clinical Applications","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2706","display_name":"Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12537","display_name":"Flow Measurement and Analysis","score":0.9894000291824341,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10202","display_name":"Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.9890000224113464,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lung-ultrasound","display_name":"Lung ultrasound","score":0.7332983613014221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/respiratory-system","display_name":"Respiratory system","score":0.5397814512252808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.49788975715637207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultrasound","display_name":"Ultrasound","score":0.45308130979537964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.44686901569366455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiology","display_name":"Radiology","score":0.4420829713344574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lung","display_name":"Lung","score":0.42450588941574097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intensive-care-medicine","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","score":0.3661263883113861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.28674060106277466}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992160955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q234904","display_name":"Lung ultrasound","level":3,"score":0.7332983613014221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C534529494","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7891","display_name":"Respiratory system","level":2,"score":0.5397814512252808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.49788975715637207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143753070","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162564","display_name":"Ultrasound","level":2,"score":0.45308130979537964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.44686901569366455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.4420829713344574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777714996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7886","display_name":"Lung","level":2,"score":0.42450588941574097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.3661263883113861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.28674060106277466}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fcomp.2024.1438126","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomp.2024.1438126","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/computer-science/articles/10.3389/fcomp.2024.1438126/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210211086","display_name":"Frontiers in Computer Science","issn_l":"2624-9898","issn":["2624-9898"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a97a1449750e446b862b0640c4e145d5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a97a1449750e446b862b0640c4e145d5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Computer Science, Vol 6 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fcomp.2024.1438126","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomp.2024.1438126","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/computer-science/articles/10.3389/fcomp.2024.1438126/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210211086","display_name":"Frontiers in Computer Science","issn_l":"2624-9898","issn":["2624-9898"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4099999964237213,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4405338059.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4405338059.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2890207295","https://openalex.org/W2912735527","https://openalex.org/W3011035774","https://openalex.org/W3018936110","https://openalex.org/W3025576489","https://openalex.org/W3130844452","https://openalex.org/W3134286464","https://openalex.org/W3135728647","https://openalex.org/W3136627259","https://openalex.org/W3176482836","https://openalex.org/W3179353599","https://openalex.org/W3191697561","https://openalex.org/W3192433980","https://openalex.org/W3195351540","https://openalex.org/W3198586113","https://openalex.org/W3216852963","https://openalex.org/W4224323274","https://openalex.org/W4285109499","https://openalex.org/W4291019966","https://openalex.org/W4293450891","https://openalex.org/W4295151730","https://openalex.org/W4300961627","https://openalex.org/W4310536039","https://openalex.org/W4311271638","https://openalex.org/W4318306327","https://openalex.org/W4320717199","https://openalex.org/W4323066518","https://openalex.org/W4324155120","https://openalex.org/W4378619531","https://openalex.org/W4383313350","https://openalex.org/W4386066081","https://openalex.org/W4386920241","https://openalex.org/W4387761457","https://openalex.org/W4388858458","https://openalex.org/W4390788513","https://openalex.org/W4391995558","https://openalex.org/W4393216676","https://openalex.org/W6838474157","https://openalex.org/W6852685116","https://openalex.org/W6856916998"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1609290283","https://openalex.org/W2351153092","https://openalex.org/W4309546027","https://openalex.org/W2953124586","https://openalex.org/W2029967375","https://openalex.org/W4200563007","https://openalex.org/W3094501176","https://openalex.org/W2357989941","https://openalex.org/W3009029292","https://openalex.org/W3032560600"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Introduction":[0],"An":[1],"automated":[2],"computerized":[3],"approach":[4,128],"can":[5],"aid":[6],"radiologists":[7,275],"in":[8,178,203,276],"the":[9,22,66,71,77,80,83,254,258,281],"early":[10],"diagnosis":[11,267],"of":[12,65,73,79,85,156,176,283],"lung":[13,59,188],"disease":[14,189],"from":[15],"video":[16,74],"modalities.":[17],"This":[18],"study":[19,67,209],"focuses":[20],"on":[21,264],"difficulties":[23],"associated":[24],"with":[25,202],"identifying":[26,244],"and":[27,34,51,87,112,132,141,159,186,213,217,231,235,237,253,279],"categorizing":[28],"respiratory":[29,284],"diseases,":[30],"including":[31],"COVID-19,":[32,184],"influenza,":[33],"pneumonia.":[35],"Methods":[36],"We":[37],"propose":[38],"a":[39,52,89,126,134,173,265],"novel":[40],"method":[41],"that":[42,57],"combines":[43],"three":[44],"dimensional":[45],"(3D)":[46],"models,":[47],"model":[48,92,137,170,221],"explainability":[49,149],"(XAI),":[50],"Decision":[53],"Support":[54],"System":[55],"(DSS)":[56],"utilizes":[58],"ultrasound":[60],"(LUS)":[61],"videos.":[62],"The":[63,105,206,223,247],"objective":[64],"is":[68,150,192],"to":[69,115,195],"improve":[70,116],"quality":[72],"frames,":[75,86],"boost":[76],"diversity":[78],"dataset,":[81],"maintain":[82],"sequence":[84],"create":[88],"hybrid":[90,135],"3D":[91,136],"[Three-Dimensional":[93],"Time":[94],"Distributed":[95],"Convolutional":[96],"Neural":[97],"Network-Long":[98],"short-term":[99],"memory":[100],"(TD-CNNLSTM-LungNet)]":[101],"for":[102,122,129],"precise":[103,241],"classification.":[104],"proposed":[106,259,271],"methodology":[107,272],"involves":[108],"applying":[109],"morphological":[110],"opening":[111],"contour":[113],"detection":[114],"frame":[117,130],"quality,":[118],"utilizing":[119,144],"geometrical":[120],"augmentation":[121],"dataset":[123],"balance,":[124],"introducing":[125],"graph-based":[127],"sequencing,":[131],"implementing":[133],"combining":[138],"time-distributed":[139],"CNN":[140],"LSTM":[142],"networks":[143],"vast":[145],"ablation":[146],"study.":[147,205],"Model":[148],"ensured":[151],"through":[152],"heatmap":[153],"generation,":[154],"region":[155],"interest":[157],"segmentation,":[158],"Probability":[160],"Density":[161],"Function":[162],"(PDF)":[163],"graphs":[164,239],"illustrating":[165],"feature":[166,245],"distribution.":[167],"Results":[168],"Our":[169,270],"TD-CNN-LSTM-LungNet":[171],"attained":[172],"remarkable":[174],"accuracy":[175],"96.57%":[177],"classifying":[179],"LUS":[180],"videos":[181],"into":[182],"pneumonia,":[183],"normal,":[185],"other":[187],"classes,":[190],"which":[191],"above":[193],"compared":[194],"ten":[196],"traditional":[197],"transfer":[198],"learning":[199],"models":[200],"experimented":[201],"this":[204],"eleven-ablation":[207],"case":[208],"reduced":[210],"training":[211],"costs":[212],"redundancy.":[214],"K-fold":[215],"cross-validation":[216],"accuracy-loss":[218],"curves":[219],"demonstrated":[220],"generalization.":[222],"DSS,":[224],"incorporating":[225],"Layer":[226],"Class":[227],"Activation":[228],"Mapping":[229],"(LayerCAM)":[230],"heatmaps,":[232],"improved":[233],"interpretability":[234],"reliability,":[236],"PDF":[238],"facilitated":[240],"decision-making":[242],"by":[243,256],"boundaries.":[246],"DSS":[248],"facilitates":[249],"clinical":[250],"marker":[251],"analysis,":[252],"validation":[255],"using":[257],"algorithms":[260],"highlights":[261],"its":[262],"impact":[263],"reliable":[266],"outcome.":[268],"Discussion":[269],"could":[273],"assist":[274],"accurately":[277],"detecting":[278],"comprehending":[280],"patterns":[282],"disorders.":[285]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-06-07T08:38:57.713557","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}