{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385303452","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomp.2023.1208550","title":"How are AI assistants changing higher education?","display_name":"How are AI assistants changing higher education?","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385303452","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomp.2023.1208550"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fcomp.2023.1208550","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomp.2023.1208550","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcomp.2023.1208550/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210211086","display_name":"Frontiers in Computer Science","issn_l":"2624-9898","issn":["2624-9898"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","datacite","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcomp.2023.1208550/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035238125","display_name":"Eva-Maria Sch\u00f6n","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0410-9308"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104665","display_name":"University of Applied Sciences Emden Leer","ror":"https://ror.org/01bc76c69","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104665"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Eva-Maria Sch\u00f6n","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Business Studies, University of Applied Sciences Emden/Leer, Emden, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Business Studies, University of Applied Sciences Emden/Leer, Emden, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104665"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066064955","display_name":"Michael Neumann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4220-9641"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Neumann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Business and Computer Science, Department of Business Information Systems, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Hannover, Hannover, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Business and Computer Science, Department of Business Information Systems, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Hannover, Hannover, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086081805","display_name":"Christina Hofmann-St\u00f6lting","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70451448","display_name":"HAW Hamburg","ror":"https://ror.org/00fkqwx76","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70451448"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christina Hofmann-St\u00f6lting","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Business and Social Sciences, Department of Business, University of Applied Sciences (HAW) Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Business and Social Sciences, Department of Business, University of Applied Sciences (HAW) Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70451448"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076204770","display_name":"Ricardo Baeza\u2010Yates","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3208-9778"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12912129","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/04t5xt781","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ricardo Baeza-Yates","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Experiential AI, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Experiential AI, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028632731","display_name":"Maria Rauschenberger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5722-576X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104665","display_name":"University of Applied Sciences Emden Leer","ror":"https://ror.org/01bc76c69","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104665"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria Rauschenberger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Technology, University of Applied Sciences Emden/Leer, Emden, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Technology, University of Applied Sciences Emden/Leer, Emden, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104665"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5035238125"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104665"],"apc_list":{"value":1285,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1285},"apc_paid":{"value":1285,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1285},"fwci":1.2463,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":43,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83955452,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.9890000224113464,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14246","display_name":"E-Learning and Knowledge Management","score":0.9610000252723694,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pace","display_name":"Pace","score":0.7502399682998657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.7451175451278687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/higher-education","display_name":"Higher education","score":0.6739846467971802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tipping-point","display_name":"Tipping point (physics)","score":0.4967878460884094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management","display_name":"Knowledge management","score":0.4372144639492035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3632526099681854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-ethics","display_name":"Engineering ethics","score":0.3271017074584961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.17320582270622253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.16667166352272034}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777526511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q691543","display_name":"Pace","level":2,"score":0.7502399682998657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.7451175451278687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120912362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q136822","display_name":"Higher education","level":2,"score":0.6739846467971802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114725131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190837","display_name":"Tipping point (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4967878460884094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.4372144639492035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3632526099681854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.3271017074584961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17320582270622253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.16667166352272034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fcomp.2023.1208550","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomp.2023.1208550","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcomp.2023.1208550/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210211086","display_name":"Frontiers in Computer Science","issn_l":"2624-9898","issn":["2624-9898"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repositori-api.upf.edu:10230/71412","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10230/71412","pdf_url":"https://repositori.upf.edu/bitstreams/5d6ede2b-37ce-436e-868a-fba768c64af1/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402615","display_name":"Repositori digital de la UPF (Universitat Pompeu Fabra)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I170486558","host_organization_name":"Universitat Pompeu Fabra","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170486558"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:serwiss.opus4:2932","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://serwiss.bib.hs-hannover.de/frontdoor/index/index/docId/2932","pdf_url":"https://serwiss.bib.hs-hannover.de/files/2932/schoen_etal2023-ai_changing_education.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196615","display_name":"SerWisS (Hochschule Hannover)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I140025399","host_organization_name":"Hochschule Hannover","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I140025399"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:095423e2a1bc4268bc9e8c80ecf916c7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/095423e2a1bc4268bc9e8c80ecf916c7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Computer Science, Vol 5 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:opus.hs-emden-leer.de:855","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://opus.hs-emden-leer.de/frontdoor/index/index/docId/855","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407053446","display_name":"Hochschulschriftenserver der Hochschule Emden/Leer","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"doi:10.25968/opus-2932","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.25968/opus-2932","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407052879","display_name":"Bibliotheksservice-Zentrum Baden-Wuerttemberg (BSZ)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fcomp.2023.1208550","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomp.2023.1208550","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcomp.2023.1208550/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210211086","display_name":"Frontiers in Computer Science","issn_l":"2624-9898","issn":["2624-9898"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.7900000214576721}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4385303452.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1501409973","https://openalex.org/W2001513998","https://openalex.org/W2040516255","https://openalex.org/W2410887582","https://openalex.org/W2515624622","https://openalex.org/W2582025857","https://openalex.org/W2791106317","https://openalex.org/W2795277066","https://openalex.org/W2804893919","https://openalex.org/W2913275916","https://openalex.org/W2933302947","https://openalex.org/W2954122692","https://openalex.org/W2973937124","https://openalex.org/W2981863007","https://openalex.org/W3172139947","https://openalex.org/W3174500464","https://openalex.org/W3212442489","https://openalex.org/W4214643205","https://openalex.org/W4226215923","https://openalex.org/W4285268269","https://openalex.org/W4311430511","https://openalex.org/W4312051216","https://openalex.org/W4312758401","https://openalex.org/W4313262066","https://openalex.org/W4313294616","https://openalex.org/W4313313935","https://openalex.org/W4313333360","https://openalex.org/W4315498228","https://openalex.org/W4317910584","https://openalex.org/W4318466538","https://openalex.org/W4323655724","https://openalex.org/W4362721098","https://openalex.org/W4379746408","https://openalex.org/W4385323568","https://openalex.org/W4388858772","https://openalex.org/W6767686058","https://openalex.org/W6847507331"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2386723501","https://openalex.org/W2387879414","https://openalex.org/W2390304029","https://openalex.org/W2354923724","https://openalex.org/W2146830340","https://openalex.org/W4288601434","https://openalex.org/W2377101853","https://openalex.org/W2362180844","https://openalex.org/W2378405797","https://openalex.org/W2913869602"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Context":[0],"Higher":[1],"education":[2,32,141],"is":[3,51,125,158],"changing":[4],"at":[5],"an":[6],"accelerating":[7],"pace":[8],"due":[9],"to":[10,38,52,68,76,162],"the":[11,54,60,69,90,114,137,147],"widespread":[12],"use":[13],"of":[14,56,62,92,116,139],"digital":[15],"teaching":[16],"and":[17,71,83,107,146],"emerging":[18],"technologies.":[19],"In":[20],"particular,":[21],"AI":[22,57,93,117,133],"assistants":[23,58,94,134],"such":[24,41],"as":[25,42],"ChatGPT":[26],"pose":[27],"significant":[28],"challenges":[29],"for":[30,74,150],"higher":[31,63,96,121,140],"institutions":[33],"because":[34],"they":[35],"bring":[36],"change":[37,136],"several":[39],"areas,":[40],"learning":[43,46],"assessments":[44],"or":[45],"experiences.":[47],"Objective":[48],"Our":[49],"objective":[50],"discuss":[53],"impact":[55],"in":[59,95,120,142,159],"context":[61,138],"education,":[64],"outline":[65],"possible":[66],"changes":[67],"context,":[70],"present":[72],"recommendations":[73],"adapting":[75],"change.":[77],"Method":[78],"We":[79],"review":[80],"related":[81,130],"work":[82],"develop":[84],"a":[85,143],"conceptual":[86,100],"structure":[87,101],"that":[88],"visualizes":[89],"role":[91],"education.":[97,122],"Results":[98],"The":[99,123],"distinguishes":[102],"between":[103],"humans,":[104],"learning,":[105],"organization,":[106],"disruptor,":[108],"which":[109],"guides":[110],"our":[111,160],"discussion":[112,124],"regarding":[113],"implications":[115],"assistant":[118],"usage":[119],"based":[126],"on":[127],"evidence":[128],"from":[129],"literature.":[131],"Conclusion":[132],"will":[135],"disruptive":[144],"manner,":[145],"tipping":[148],"point":[149],"this":[151,164],"transformation":[152],"has":[153],"already":[154],"been":[155],"reached.":[156],"It":[157],"hands":[161],"shape":[163],"transformation.":[165]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-01T09:00:35.917206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
