{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4377092539","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomp.2023.1152592","title":"The odyssey to next-generation computers: cognitive computers (\u03baC) inspired by the brain and powered by intelligent mathematics","display_name":"The odyssey to next-generation computers: cognitive computers (\u03baC) inspired by the brain and powered by intelligent mathematics","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4377092539","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomp.2023.1152592"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fcomp.2023.1152592","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomp.2023.1152592","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcomp.2023.1152592/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210211086","display_name":"Frontiers in Computer Science","issn_l":"2624-9898","issn":["2624-9898"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcomp.2023.1152592/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012322217","display_name":"Yingxu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0445-3632"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168635309","display_name":"University of Calgary","ror":"https://ror.org/03yjb2x39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yingxu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Software Engineering/Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Software Engineering/Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044542575","display_name":"Bernard Widrow","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bernard Widrow","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112251780","display_name":"C. A. R. Hoare","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. A. R. Hoare","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003799782","display_name":"Witold Pedrycz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9335-9930"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154425047","display_name":"University of Alberta","ror":"https://ror.org/0160cpw27","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Witold Pedrycz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052077756","display_name":"Robert C. Berwick","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1061-1871"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert C. Berwick","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059152392","display_name":"Konstantinos N. Plataniotis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3647-5473"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Konstantinos N. Plataniotis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010869153","display_name":"Imre J. Rudas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2067-8578"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164922","display_name":"Innova (Hungary)","ror":"https://ror.org/05h443j18","country_code":"HU","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210164922"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103356709","display_name":"Obuda University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ax71d21","country_code":"HU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103356709"]}],"countries":["HU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Imre J. Rudas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research and Innovation Center, \u00d3buda University, Budapest, Hungary"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research and Innovation Center, \u00d3buda University, Budapest, Hungary","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103356709","https://openalex.org/I4210164922"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072435188","display_name":"Jianhua Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1125-7736"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianhua Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005837856","display_name":"Janusz Kacprzyk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4187-5877"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99542240","display_name":"Polish Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01dr6c206","country_code":"PL","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99542240"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66083562","display_name":"Systems Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0111cp837","country_code":"PL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66083562","https://openalex.org/I99542240"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Janusz Kacprzyk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Systems Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Systems Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66083562","https://openalex.org/I99542240"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":6,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5012322217"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"],"apc_list":{"value":1150,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1150},"apc_paid":{"value":1150,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1150},"fwci":0.3485,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.63195718,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13062","display_name":"Cognitive Computing and Networks","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13062","display_name":"Cognitive Computing and Networks","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12002","display_name":"Computability, Logic, AI Algorithms","score":0.9440000057220459,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13382","display_name":"Robotics and Automated Systems","score":0.9265000224113464,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-computing","display_name":"Cognitive computing","score":0.6088809370994568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.5845653414726257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5817667841911316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/privilege","display_name":"Privilege (computing)","score":0.5563583970069885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underpinning","display_name":"Underpinning","score":0.5517871975898743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5439029932022095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-science","display_name":"Cognitive science","score":0.4645777642726898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-general-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial general intelligence","score":0.42724573612213135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-processing","display_name":"Information processing","score":0.410940945148468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.40526139736175537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.381268173456192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.2610052227973938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2015238106250763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.13056060671806335}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92298750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17008161","display_name":"Cognitive computing","level":3,"score":0.6088809370994568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.5845653414726257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5817667841911316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780138299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3404265","display_name":"Privilege (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5563583970069885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780871342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7883752","display_name":"Underpinning","level":2,"score":0.5517871975898743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5439029932022095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.4645777642726898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162027153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2264109","display_name":"Artificial general intelligence","level":2,"score":0.42724573612213135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87868495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750843","display_name":"Information processing","level":2,"score":0.410940945148468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.40526139736175537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.381268173456192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2610052227973938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2015238106250763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.13056060671806335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fcomp.2023.1152592","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomp.2023.1152592","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcomp.2023.1152592/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210211086","display_name":"Frontiers in Computer Science","issn_l":"2624-9898","issn":["2624-9898"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9c34fe3d8228496684183fcbc4ad9932","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9c34fe3d8228496684183fcbc4ad9932","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Computer Science, Vol 5 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fcomp.2023.1152592","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomp.2023.1152592","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcomp.2023.1152592/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210211086","display_name":"Frontiers in Computer Science","issn_l":"2624-9898","issn":["2624-9898"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4377092539.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":66,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W170314049","https://openalex.org/W173029889","https://openalex.org/W422168210","https://openalex.org/W1480781989","https://openalex.org/W1483241283","https://openalex.org/W1552423790","https://openalex.org/W1560374531","https://openalex.org/W1606650785","https://openalex.org/W1994109623","https://openalex.org/W1995875735","https://openalex.org/W2001390679","https://openalex.org/W2001771035","https://openalex.org/W2034088070","https://openalex.org/W2049592515","https://openalex.org/W2056976301","https://openalex.org/W2074882259","https://openalex.org/W2080271742","https://openalex.org/W2085152848","https://openalex.org/W2093715626","https://openalex.org/W2102506398","https://openalex.org/W2104060931","https://openalex.org/W2110846749","https://openalex.org/W2128847842","https://openalex.org/W2148132004","https://openalex.org/W2153676086","https://openalex.org/W2168807180","https://openalex.org/W2172439251","https://openalex.org/W2175830830","https://openalex.org/W2305540842","https://openalex.org/W2314284159","https://openalex.org/W2315788772","https://openalex.org/W2315821481","https://openalex.org/W2318965773","https://openalex.org/W2326883956","https://openalex.org/W2334062286","https://openalex.org/W2346033130","https://openalex.org/W2480422823","https://openalex.org/W2483511299","https://openalex.org/W2556422034","https://openalex.org/W2557723499","https://openalex.org/W2569836584","https://openalex.org/W2725218421","https://openalex.org/W2746346302","https://openalex.org/W2746427598","https://openalex.org/W2780608926","https://openalex.org/W2796933306","https://openalex.org/W2911028362","https://openalex.org/W2987907651","https://openalex.org/W3168212201","https://openalex.org/W3193622580","https://openalex.org/W4205149853","https://openalex.org/W4221020021","https://openalex.org/W4229697989","https://openalex.org/W4234630729","https://openalex.org/W4238965074","https://openalex.org/W4242372923","https://openalex.org/W4248763915","https://openalex.org/W4285727972","https://openalex.org/W4287218995","https://openalex.org/W4312675197","https://openalex.org/W4313350220","https://openalex.org/W4321116780","https://openalex.org/W4388436028","https://openalex.org/W6746343907","https://openalex.org/W6839736138","https://openalex.org/W6852189248"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W623382837","https://openalex.org/W4285340672","https://openalex.org/W4285340881","https://openalex.org/W4285340378","https://openalex.org/W3202994115","https://openalex.org/W4363676750","https://openalex.org/W173029889","https://openalex.org/W4377092539","https://openalex.org/W3202087236","https://openalex.org/W4231427210"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cognitive":[0],"computers":[1],"(\u03ba":[2],"C":[3,34,54,71,90,120],")":[4],"are":[5,80,95],"intelligent":[6,62],"processors":[7],"advanced":[8],"from":[9],"data":[10],"and":[11,18,26,40,49,57,75,123],"information":[12],"processing":[13],"to":[14,113,118],"autonomous":[15,92],"knowledge":[16],"learning":[17],"intelligence":[19],"generation.":[20],"This":[21,100],"work":[22,101],"presents":[23],"a":[24,58,83,109],"retrospective":[25],"prospective":[27],"review":[28],"of":[29,46,60,69,88],"the":[30,116],"odyssey":[31,117],"toward":[32,121],"\u03ba":[33,53,70,89,119],"empowered":[35],"by":[36,97],"transdisciplinary":[37],"basic":[38],"research":[39],"engineering":[41],"advances.":[42],"A":[43],"wide":[44],"range":[45],"fundamental":[47],"theories":[48],"innovative":[50],"technologies":[51],"for":[52,72],"is":[55,65],"explored,":[56],"set":[59],"underpinning":[61],"mathematics":[63],"(IM)":[64],"created.":[66],"The":[67],"architectures":[68],"cognitive":[73,85],"computing":[74],"Autonomous":[76],"Intelligence":[77],"Generation":[78],"(AIG)":[79],"designed":[81],"as":[82],"brain-inspired":[84],"engine.":[86],"Applications":[87],"in":[91],"AI":[93],"(AAI)":[94],"demonstrated":[96],"pilot":[98],"projects.":[99],"reveals":[102],"that":[103],"AIG":[104],"will":[105],"no":[106],"longer":[107],"be":[108],"privilege":[110],"restricted":[111],"only":[112],"humans":[114],"via":[115],"training-free":[122],"self-inferencing":[124],"computers.":[125]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-02-28T09:26:25.869077","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}