{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4308462122","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomp.2022.1036934","title":"Mixed-UNet: Refined class activation mapping for weakly-supervised semantic segmentation with multi-scale inference","display_name":"Mixed-UNet: Refined class activation mapping for weakly-supervised semantic segmentation with multi-scale inference","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4308462122","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomp.2022.1036934"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fcomp.2022.1036934","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomp.2022.1036934","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcomp.2022.1036934/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210211086","display_name":"Frontiers in Computer Science","issn_l":"2624-9898","issn":["2624-9898"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcomp.2022.1036934/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100356239","display_name":"Yang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9978-0842"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114105","display_name":"Tsinghua\u2013Berkeley Shenzhen Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02hhwwz98","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114105","https://openalex.org/I95457486","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, China","School of Mechanical, Electrical and Information Engineering, Shandong University, Weihai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114105"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical, Electrical and Information Engineering, Shandong University, Weihai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057537915","display_name":"Lijin Lian","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114105","display_name":"Tsinghua\u2013Berkeley Shenzhen Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02hhwwz98","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114105","https://openalex.org/I95457486","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lijin Lian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, China","Institute of Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114105"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114105"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035696084","display_name":"Ersi Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50760025","display_name":"Hangzhou Dianzi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0576gt767","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ersi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Artificial Intelligence, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031728975","display_name":"Lulu Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5527-4680"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114105","display_name":"Tsinghua\u2013Berkeley Shenzhen Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02hhwwz98","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114105","https://openalex.org/I95457486","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lulu Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, China","Institute of Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114105"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114105"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074759044","display_name":"Chufan Xiao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114105","display_name":"Tsinghua\u2013Berkeley Shenzhen Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02hhwwz98","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114105","https://openalex.org/I95457486","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chufan Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, China","Institute of Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114105"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114105"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020956895","display_name":"Xiaoyun Zhong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114105","display_name":"Tsinghua\u2013Berkeley Shenzhen Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02hhwwz98","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114105","https://openalex.org/I95457486","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyun Zhong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, China","Institute of Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114105"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114105"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100394230","display_name":"Fang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9640-6870"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114105","display_name":"Tsinghua\u2013Berkeley Shenzhen Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02hhwwz98","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114105","https://openalex.org/I95457486","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, China","Institute of Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114105"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114105"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026793625","display_name":"Bin Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4592-3322"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bin Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical, Electrical and Information Engineering, Shandong University, Weihai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical, Electrical and Information Engineering, Shandong University, Weihai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108047157","display_name":"Yuhan Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-1787"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuhan Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical, Electrical and Information Engineering, Shandong University, Weihai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical, Electrical and Information Engineering, Shandong University, Weihai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071864144","display_name":"Lan Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1929-6422"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114105","display_name":"Tsinghua\u2013Berkeley Shenzhen Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02hhwwz98","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114105","https://openalex.org/I95457486","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lan Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, China","Institute of Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114105"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114105"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102843024","display_name":"Qiming Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3413-1954"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114105","display_name":"Tsinghua\u2013Berkeley Shenzhen Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02hhwwz98","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114105","https://openalex.org/I95457486","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiming Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114105"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100413863","display_name":"Ming Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7106-8390"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101653272","display_name":"Yongbing Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1568-3728"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158809036","display_name":"Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03wrf9427","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158809036"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongbing Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Shenzhen Graduate School of Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Shenzhen Graduate School of Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158809036","https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101616266","display_name":"Dongmei Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2150-2010"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongmei Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical, Electrical and Information Engineering, Shandong University, Weihai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical, Electrical and Information Engineering, Shandong University, Weihai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054311881","display_name":"Chenggang Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1204-0512"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50760025","display_name":"Hangzhou Dianzi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0576gt767","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chenggang Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Artificial Intelligence, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014040365","display_name":"Peiwu Qin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7829-8973"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114105","display_name":"Tsinghua\u2013Berkeley Shenzhen Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02hhwwz98","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114105","https://openalex.org/I95457486","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Peiwu Qin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, China","Institute of Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114105"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114105"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":16,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5014040365"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114105"],"apc_list":{"value":1150,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1150},"apc_paid":{"value":1150,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1150},"fwci":2.2432,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89497909,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.8539400100708008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7939968109130859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7590163350105286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.696074366569519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5407102704048157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/annotation","display_name":"Annotation","score":0.48220551013946533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.4772612750530243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.46060046553611755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.4426889717578888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.43674522638320923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3697379231452942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.35360410809516907}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.8539400100708008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7939968109130859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7590163350105286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.696074366569519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5407102704048157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776321320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857525","display_name":"Annotation","level":2,"score":0.48220551013946533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4772612750530243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.46060046553611755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.4426889717578888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.43674522638320923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3697379231452942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.35360410809516907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fcomp.2022.1036934","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomp.2022.1036934","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcomp.2022.1036934/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210211086","display_name":"Frontiers in Computer Science","issn_l":"2624-9898","issn":["2624-9898"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:20a3ed4972464d8f83e7d58651c856dc","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/20a3ed4972464d8f83e7d58651c856dc","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Computer Science, Vol 4 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fcomp.2022.1036934","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomp.2022.1036934","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcomp.2022.1036934/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210211086","display_name":"Frontiers in Computer Science","issn_l":"2624-9898","issn":["2624-9898"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.7200000286102295}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1204613706","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JSGG20191129110812708","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1307131868","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZDSYS202008201654000","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326705","funder_display_name":"Science, Technology and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipality"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1549581836","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JSGG20200225150707332","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326705","funder_display_name":"Science, Technology and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipality"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1823456157","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020M680023","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2082826544","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Postdoctoral","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2629618865","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51507073","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2981938667","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Shenzhen","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G346298384","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"201911","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3757194791","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JCYJ20","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G384178317","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"02008","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3875025111","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020022","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G391238517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4009416196","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SZBL2020090501004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331248","funder_display_name":"Shenzhen Bay Laboratory"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4424168971","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020022","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5486152420","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"202002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5939423041","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Technology","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6931920518","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"31970752","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7126796258","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JSGG20191129110812708","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326705","funder_display_name":"Science, Technology and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipality"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7897504937","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JCYJ20190809180003689","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326705","funder_display_name":"Science, Technology and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipality"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8161904097","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"202008","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8955562024","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"201654","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326705","display_name":"Science, Technology and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipality","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331248","display_name":"Shenzhen Bay Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/00sdcjz77"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4308462122.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4308462122.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":121,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W611457968","https://openalex.org/W1495267108","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1567302070","https://openalex.org/W1783315696","https://openalex.org/W1927251054","https://openalex.org/W1931270512","https://openalex.org/W1945608308","https://openalex.org/W1994488211","https://openalex.org/W2109411133","https://openalex.org/W2158427031","https://openalex.org/W2161236525","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2203062554","https://openalex.org/W2204999836","https://openalex.org/W2221898772","https://openalex.org/W2291422229","https://openalex.org/W2295107390","https://openalex.org/W2306289963","https://openalex.org/W2337429362","https://openalex.org/W2395611524","https://openalex.org/W2412782625","https://openalex.org/W2557703475","https://openalex.org/W2560023338","https://openalex.org/W2563705555","https://openalex.org/W2605214291","https://openalex.org/W2630837129","https://openalex.org/W2739450375","https://openalex.org/W2765793020","https://openalex.org/W2789064414","https://openalex.org/W2798122215","https://openalex.org/W2798376494","https://openalex.org/W2798715809","https://openalex.org/W2799124825","https://openalex.org/W2805977310","https://openalex.org/W2883301487","https://openalex.org/W2900954917","https://openalex.org/W2914227034","https://openalex.org/W2927980542","https://openalex.org/W2950557962","https://openalex.org/W2950763807","https://openalex.org/W2952793010","https://openalex.org/W2956648669","https://openalex.org/W2962758679","https://openalex.org/W2962858109","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2963606198","https://openalex.org/W2963840672","https://openalex.org/W2963881378","https://openalex.org/W2964274719","https://openalex.org/W2964309882","https://openalex.org/W2972392244","https://openalex.org/W2979824959","https://openalex.org/W2984711682","https://openalex.org/W2993904055","https://openalex.org/W2996952120","https://openalex.org/W2998360197","https://openalex.org/W3003728293","https://openalex.org/W3011974116","https://openalex.org/W3026792888","https://openalex.org/W3034373787","https://openalex.org/W3034930876","https://openalex.org/W3035253074","https://openalex.org/W3035665735","https://openalex.org/W3035703639","https://openalex.org/W3035739565","https://openalex.org/W3042302007","https://openalex.org/W3086458417","https://openalex.org/W3098637688","https://openalex.org/W3100040694","https://openalex.org/W3104205547","https://openalex.org/W3133661165","https://openalex.org/W3165691894","https://openalex.org/W3167456680","https://openalex.org/W3168547821","https://openalex.org/W3176482836","https://openalex.org/W3192393267","https://openalex.org/W3194178355","https://openalex.org/W4200631217","https://openalex.org/W4214673031","https://openalex.org/W4221144443","https://openalex.org/W4221166146","https://openalex.org/W4224878627","https://openalex.org/W4281388520","https://openalex.org/W4312648273","https://openalex.org/W6629474557","https://openalex.org/W6638246162","https://openalex.org/W6640054144","https://openalex.org/W6640148481","https://openalex.org/W6640591537","https://openalex.org/W6649016512","https://openalex.org/W6683436201","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6687841715","https://openalex.org/W6687870030","https://openalex.org/W6688657083","https://openalex.org/W6697443983","https://openalex.org/W6698113398","https://openalex.org/W6703192839","https://openalex.org/W6725739302","https://openalex.org/W6730342312","https://openalex.org/W6730845260","https://openalex.org/W6741526571","https://openalex.org/W6745168123","https://openalex.org/W6748247519","https://openalex.org/W6748512897","https://openalex.org/W6750102907","https://openalex.org/W6750275533","https://openalex.org/W6750335921","https://openalex.org/W6750559689","https://openalex.org/W6750922502","https://openalex.org/W6759128649","https://openalex.org/W6761743824","https://openalex.org/W6763878013","https://openalex.org/W6766263406","https://openalex.org/W6771027241","https://openalex.org/W6775305308","https://openalex.org/W6775972591","https://openalex.org/W6779946765","https://openalex.org/W6785947573","https://openalex.org/W6788391730"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2361861616","https://openalex.org/W2263699433","https://openalex.org/W2377979023","https://openalex.org/W2218034408","https://openalex.org/W2392921965","https://openalex.org/W2358755282","https://openalex.org/W2625833328","https://openalex.org/W1533177136","https://openalex.org/W4315434538","https://openalex.org/W1522196789"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Deep":[0],"learning":[1],"techniques":[2],"have":[3],"shown":[4],"great":[5],"potential":[6],"in":[7,56,130,147,202],"medical":[8],"image":[9,16],"processing,":[10],"particularly":[11],"through":[12,73],"accurate":[13],"and":[14,33,54,184],"reliable":[15],"segmentation":[17,40,76,174,204],"on":[18,176],"magnetic":[19],"resonance":[20],"imaging":[21],"(MRI)":[22],"scans":[23],"or":[24],"computed":[25],"tomography":[26],"(CT)":[27],"scans,":[28],"which":[29,51,142],"allow":[30],"the":[31,93,102,107,117,127,148,158,166,181,198,203],"localization":[32],"diagnosis":[34],"of":[35,46,92,110,119,205],"lesions.":[36,111],"However,":[37,101],"training":[38],"these":[39],"models":[41,77],"requires":[42],"a":[43,137],"large":[44],"number":[45],"manually":[47],"annotated":[48],"pixel-level":[49],"labels,":[50],"are":[52,62],"time-consuming":[53],"labor-intensive,":[55],"contrast":[57],"to":[58,64,69,122],"image-level":[59,79],"labels":[60,80],"that":[61,191],"easier":[63],"obtain.":[65],"It":[66],"is":[67],"imperative":[68],"resolve":[70],"this":[71,113],"problem":[72],"weakly-supervised":[74],"semantic":[75],"using":[78],"as":[81],"supervision":[82,200],"since":[83],"it":[84],"can":[85,153],"significantly":[86],"reduce":[87],"human":[88],"annotation":[89],"efforts.":[90],"Most":[91],"advanced":[94],"solutions":[95],"exploit":[96],"class":[97],"activation":[98],"mapping":[99],"(CAM).":[100],"original":[103],"CAMs":[104,124],"rarely":[105],"capture":[106],"precise":[108],"boundaries":[109],"In":[112],"study,":[114],"we":[115,135],"propose":[116],"strategy":[118],"multi-scale":[120],"inference":[121],"refine":[123],"by":[125],"reducing":[126],"detail":[128],"loss":[129],"single-scale":[131],"reasoning.":[132],"For":[133],"segmentation,":[134],"develop":[136],"novel":[138],"model":[139,193],"named":[140],"Mixed-UNet,":[141],"has":[143],"two":[144,162],"parallel":[145],"branches":[146],"decoding":[149],"phase.":[150],"The":[151,187],"results":[152,189],"be":[154],"obtained":[155],"after":[156],"fusing":[157],"extracted":[159],"features":[160],"from":[161,180,208],"branches.":[163],"We":[164],"evaluate":[165],"designed":[167],"Mixed-UNet":[168],"against":[169],"several":[170],"prevalent":[171],"deep":[172],"learning-based":[173],"approaches":[175],"our":[177,192],"dataset":[178],"collected":[179],"local":[182],"hospital":[183],"public":[185],"datasets.":[186],"validation":[188],"demonstrate":[190],"surpasses":[194],"available":[195],"methods":[196],"under":[197],"same":[199],"level":[201],"various":[206],"lesions":[207],"brain":[209],"imaging.":[210]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}