{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4362575864","doi":"https://doi.org/10.32657/10356/164926","title":"Intelligent job shop scheduling via deep reinforcement learning over graphs","display_name":"Intelligent job shop scheduling via deep reinforcement learning over graphs","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4362575864","doi":"https://doi.org/10.32657/10356/164926"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.32657/10356/164926","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.32657/10356/164926","pdf_url":"https://dr.ntu.edu.sg/bitstream/10356/164926/2/Intelligent_Job_Shop_Scheduling_via_Deep_Reinforcement_Learning_over_Graphs.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nanyang Technological University","raw_type":"dissertation"},"type":"dissertation","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dr.ntu.edu.sg/bitstream/10356/164926/2/Intelligent_Job_Shop_Scheduling_via_Deep_Reinforcement_Learning_over_Graphs.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100438393","display_name":"Cong Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8434-1181"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhang, Cong","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100438393"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10551","display_name":"Scheduling and Optimization Algorithms","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10551","display_name":"Scheduling and Optimization Algorithms","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12288","display_name":"Optimization and Search Problems","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10462","display_name":"Reinforcement Learning in Robotics","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.79962557554245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7945396900177002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6715778112411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.6068172454833984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/curse-of-dimensionality","display_name":"Curse of dimensionality","score":0.5499276518821716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inefficiency","display_name":"Inefficiency","score":0.5314178466796875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.5204282402992249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/job-shop-scheduling","display_name":"Job shop scheduling","score":0.5155606269836426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.48683542013168335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic","display_name":"Heuristic","score":0.474971741437912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-engineering","display_name":"Feature engineering","score":0.43169015645980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.2273384928703308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1092681884765625}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.79962557554245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7945396900177002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6715778112411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.6068172454833984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111030470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1430460","display_name":"Curse of dimensionality","level":2,"score":0.5499276518821716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778869765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6028363","display_name":"Inefficiency","level":2,"score":0.5314178466796875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.5204282402992249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55416958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6206757","display_name":"Job shop scheduling","level":3,"score":0.5155606269836426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.48683542013168335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.474971741437912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778827112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22245680","display_name":"Feature engineering","level":3,"score":0.43169015645980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.2273384928703308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1092681884765625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68387754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7271585","display_name":"Schedule","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.32657/10356/164926","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.32657/10356/164926","pdf_url":"https://dr.ntu.edu.sg/bitstream/10356/164926/2/Intelligent_Job_Shop_Scheduling_via_Deep_Reinforcement_Learning_over_Graphs.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nanyang Technological University","raw_type":"dissertation"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dr.ntu.edu.sg:10356/164926","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10356/164926","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402609","display_name":"DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","host_organization_name":"Nanyang Technological University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis-Doctor of Philosophy"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.32657/10356/164926","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.32657/10356/164926","pdf_url":"https://dr.ntu.edu.sg/bitstream/10356/164926/2/Intelligent_Job_Shop_Scheduling_via_Deep_Reinforcement_Learning_over_Graphs.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nanyang Technological University","raw_type":"dissertation"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.699999988079071}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4362575864.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4362575864.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":117,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W41554520","https://openalex.org/W86946307","https://openalex.org/W250249669","https://openalex.org/W581518716","https://openalex.org/W1208385249","https://openalex.org/W1502125971","https://openalex.org/W1771410628","https://openalex.org/W1836465849","https://openalex.org/W1966030479","https://openalex.org/W1968569154","https://openalex.org/W1976618788","https://openalex.org/W2002692271","https://openalex.org/W2006389447","https://openalex.org/W2008013109","https://openalex.org/W2017082473","https://openalex.org/W2032602114","https://openalex.org/W2035292227","https://openalex.org/W2036942713","https://openalex.org/W2063123613","https://openalex.org/W2064542310","https://openalex.org/W2067860534","https://openalex.org/W2071306171","https://openalex.org/W2073561309","https://openalex.org/W2076402732","https://openalex.org/W2076785727","https://openalex.org/W2085884585","https://openalex.org/W2087138863","https://openalex.org/W2088304441","https://openalex.org/W2111244700","https://openalex.org/W2119717200","https://openalex.org/W2128882994","https://openalex.org/W2132101809","https://openalex.org/W2139898049","https://openalex.org/W2145079270","https://openalex.org/W2145339207","https://openalex.org/W2153654605","https://openalex.org/W2155968351","https://openalex.org/W2156391157","https://openalex.org/W2157846217","https://openalex.org/W2173564293","https://openalex.org/W2220036324","https://openalex.org/W2260286117","https://openalex.org/W2260756217","https://openalex.org/W2315340820","https://openalex.org/W2546571074","https://openalex.org/W2605575499","https://openalex.org/W2607264901","https://openalex.org/W2616804298","https://openalex.org/W2625622743","https://openalex.org/W2736601468","https://openalex.org/W2746553466","https://openalex.org/W2747092504","https://openalex.org/W2756826236","https://openalex.org/W2786776430","https://openalex.org/W2787189213","https://openalex.org/W2788781499","https://openalex.org/W2805516822","https://openalex.org/W2888182103","https://openalex.org/W2891230096","https://openalex.org/W2900896126","https://openalex.org/W2905224888","https://openalex.org/W2912450141","https://openalex.org/W2917508932","https://openalex.org/W2918342466","https://openalex.org/W2924645442","https://openalex.org/W2932097000","https://openalex.org/W2944956154","https://openalex.org/W2951799221","https://openalex.org/W2962711740","https://openalex.org/W2963099939","https://openalex.org/W2963684088","https://openalex.org/W2964043796","https://openalex.org/W2968986602","https://openalex.org/W2970971581","https://openalex.org/W2971093758","https://openalex.org/W2973473096","https://openalex.org/W2977949361","https://openalex.org/W2996204157","https://openalex.org/W2996246179","https://openalex.org/W2997785591","https://openalex.org/W3027664001","https://openalex.org/W3034384938","https://openalex.org/W3035869396","https://openalex.org/W3036035835","https://openalex.org/W3047863327","https://openalex.org/W3091755028","https://openalex.org/W3094181369","https://openalex.org/W3100366369","https://openalex.org/W3117777470","https://openalex.org/W3123212791","https://openalex.org/W3128766876","https://openalex.org/W3141175846","https://openalex.org/W3154871836","https://openalex.org/W3166146794","https://openalex.org/W3166794154","https://openalex.org/W3169254347","https://openalex.org/W3175764193","https://openalex.org/W3196094373","https://openalex.org/W3214598513","https://openalex.org/W4210257598","https://openalex.org/W4210714644","https://openalex.org/W4211243022","https://openalex.org/W4226230002","https://openalex.org/W4250765357","https://openalex.org/W4281615078","https://openalex.org/W4285271899","https://openalex.org/W4287330094","https://openalex.org/W4288419263","https://openalex.org/W4289666065","https://openalex.org/W4293107948","https://openalex.org/W4294576854","https://openalex.org/W4295138992","https://openalex.org/W4295312788","https://openalex.org/W4297733535","https://openalex.org/W4309799862","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W6807384801"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2264067234","https://openalex.org/W3124243301","https://openalex.org/W1571502335","https://openalex.org/W1589409554","https://openalex.org/W2759038785","https://openalex.org/W2172232600","https://openalex.org/W3123876860","https://openalex.org/W3124172198","https://openalex.org/W2046181650","https://openalex.org/W2142633247"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Job":[0],"Shop":[1],"Scheduling":[2],"Problem":[3],"(JSSP)":[4],"is":[5,47,71,85],"a":[6,102],"well-known":[7],"NP-hard":[8],"combinatorial":[9],"optimization":[10],"problem":[11,67],"(COP)":[12],"with":[13],"extensive":[14],"applications":[15],"in":[16,32],"today's":[17],"manufacturing":[18],"system.":[19],"Due":[20],"to":[21,52],"its":[22],"NP-hardness,":[23],"approximation,":[24],"heuristic,":[25],"and":[26,61],"meta-heuristic":[27],"algorithms":[28],"have":[29,37],"been":[30],"proposed":[31],"the":[33,53,59,62,90],"past.":[34],"These":[35],"methods":[36,60,74],"some":[38],"limitations,":[39],"among":[40],"which":[41,84],"two":[42],"are":[43,94],"well":[44],"recognized.":[45],"One":[46],"high":[48],"computation":[49],"overhead":[50],"due":[51],"nature":[54],"of":[55,58,64,105],"computational":[56],"inefficiency":[57],"curse":[63],"dimensionality":[65],"(the":[66],"sizes).":[68],"The":[69],"other":[70],"that":[72],"existing":[73],"strongly":[75],"depend":[76],"on":[77,98],"human":[78,99],"expert":[79],"experience":[80],"for":[81],"algorithm":[82],"design,":[83],"less":[86],"automatic.":[87],"In":[88],"addition,":[89],"manually":[91],"designed":[92],"components":[93],"also":[95],"highly":[96],"dependent":[97],"expertise,":[100],"lacking":[101],"substantial":[103],"level":[104],"exploration.":[106]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2023-04-06T00:00:00"}