{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2921711273","doi":"https://doi.org/10.32657/10220/47852","title":"Exploiting embedded sensing in outdoor localization : a data-driven perspective","display_name":"Exploiting embedded sensing in outdoor localization : a data-driven perspective","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2921711273","doi":"https://doi.org/10.32657/10220/47852","mag":"2921711273"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.32657/10220/47852","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.32657/10220/47852","pdf_url":"https://dr.ntu.edu.sg//bitstream/10356/106002/1/thesis.pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nanyang Technological University","raw_type":"dissertation"},"type":"dissertation","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dr.ntu.edu.sg//bitstream/10356/106002/1/thesis.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015562448","display_name":"Jin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3117-9173"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5015562448"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9923999905586243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.9915000200271606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.7660435438156128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.5069873332977295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.41425424814224243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.3204417824745178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.3108990788459778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.26952099800109863}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.7660435438156128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.5069873332977295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.41425424814224243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.3204417824745178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.3108990788459778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.26952099800109863}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.32657/10220/47852","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.32657/10220/47852","pdf_url":"https://dr.ntu.edu.sg//bitstream/10356/106002/1/thesis.pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nanyang Technological University","raw_type":"dissertation"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dr.ntu.edu.sg:10356/106002","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10220/47852","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402609","display_name":"DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","host_organization_name":"Nanyang Technological University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.32657/10220/47852","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.32657/10220/47852","pdf_url":"https://dr.ntu.edu.sg//bitstream/10356/106002/1/thesis.pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nanyang Technological University","raw_type":"dissertation"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2921711273.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2921711273.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":80,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W62454899","https://openalex.org/W143867266","https://openalex.org/W179660676","https://openalex.org/W194200989","https://openalex.org/W1155846567","https://openalex.org/W1585879837","https://openalex.org/W1605052912","https://openalex.org/W1605476884","https://openalex.org/W1946384890","https://openalex.org/W1964122991","https://openalex.org/W1966736954","https://openalex.org/W1979154650","https://openalex.org/W1981920455","https://openalex.org/W1983883141","https://openalex.org/W1989651117","https://openalex.org/W1994459959","https://openalex.org/W1994665326","https://openalex.org/W1995609398","https://openalex.org/W1996790762","https://openalex.org/W2011224697","https://openalex.org/W2027655252","https://openalex.org/W2032642084","https://openalex.org/W2036946260","https://openalex.org/W2038166203","https://openalex.org/W2044546235","https://openalex.org/W2051376734","https://openalex.org/W2057326113","https://openalex.org/W2079393151","https://openalex.org/W2081288877","https://openalex.org/W2082371117","https://openalex.org/W2087463677","https://openalex.org/W2095998729","https://openalex.org/W2096157747","https://openalex.org/W2097308346","https://openalex.org/W2099136733","https://openalex.org/W2099336098","https://openalex.org/W2100045669","https://openalex.org/W2100495367","https://openalex.org/W2100796177","https://openalex.org/W2107998669","https://openalex.org/W2109540702","https://openalex.org/W2112737587","https://openalex.org/W2114351513","https://openalex.org/W2119362555","https://openalex.org/W2120048446","https://openalex.org/W2123591640","https://openalex.org/W2124433861","https://openalex.org/W2127493239","https://openalex.org/W2129460960","https://openalex.org/W2130137998","https://openalex.org/W2130942839","https://openalex.org/W2131157345","https://openalex.org/W2140365956","https://openalex.org/W2143862821","https://openalex.org/W2163302275","https://openalex.org/W2168720131","https://openalex.org/W2170102584","https://openalex.org/W2170240475","https://openalex.org/W2171313960","https://openalex.org/W2172093107","https://openalex.org/W2243701965","https://openalex.org/W2261555467","https://openalex.org/W2277498270","https://openalex.org/W2281716152","https://openalex.org/W2307851164","https://openalex.org/W2343774594","https://openalex.org/W2368696445","https://openalex.org/W2517946956","https://openalex.org/W2526042539","https://openalex.org/W2549315536","https://openalex.org/W2761903093","https://openalex.org/W2762523185","https://openalex.org/W2774382654","https://openalex.org/W2903174694","https://openalex.org/W3098979958","https://openalex.org/W3140440502","https://openalex.org/W4245906235","https://openalex.org/W4247422159","https://openalex.org/W6670257989","https://openalex.org/W6678296771"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2149537132","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2018871932","https://openalex.org/W2308616044","https://openalex.org/W1482410789"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Although":[0],"research":[1],"community":[2],"have":[3,135,461],"put":[4],"lots":[5],"of":[6,16,153,179,316,325,371,388,393,560,593],"effort":[7,144],"in":[8,11,31,44,67,131,145,156,255,309,318,355,381,451,459,486,553,605,648],"improving":[9],"localization":[10,20,65,73,130,164,202,230,307,569,604],"indoor":[12,229],"environment":[13],"through":[14],"various":[15],"sensing":[17],"techniques,":[18],"outdoor":[19,33,42,72,129,163,201,454,568,603],"still":[21],"heavily":[22],"relies":[23],"on":[24,596],"GPS":[25,28,48,79,118,441,449,477,526,630,645],"solely.":[26],"Despite":[27,313],"performs":[29,450],"successfully":[30,420],"perfect":[32],"scenario":[34],"(e.g.,":[35,247],"large":[36],"open":[37],"air":[38],"zone),":[39],"many":[40,170,310,319],"other":[41,84,120,238],"scenarios":[43,494],"metropolitan":[45,68],"area":[46,158],"make":[47,391],"fail":[49],"to":[50,56,63,96,113,136,227,322,349,367,377,403,430,446,465,488,501,600,615,628],"achieve":[51,304,601],"a":[52,115,124,261,275,305,375,431,437,497,514,525,558,590,624,642],"satisfactory":[53],"performance":[54,66,434,631],"due":[55,321],"signal":[57,178],"blocking":[58],"or":[59],"multi-path":[60],"effect.":[61],"Therefore,":[62],"improve":[64,616],"area,":[69,133,277],"an":[70,91,200,335,566,649],"integrated":[71,92,567,650],"solution":[74,203],"is":[75,224],"desired,":[76],"which":[77,352,469,637],"takes":[78],"as":[80,86,199,220,222,585,641],"one":[81,212],"part":[82,284],"and":[83,119,142,147,183,190,271,278,294,342,373,384,427,442,495,523,547,578,588,619,632,646],"sources":[85,587],"supplementary.":[87],"For":[88],"designing":[89],"such":[90,360],"solution,":[93],"we":[94,134,193,214,240,362,444,512,556],"need":[95,445],"consider":[97,137],"two":[98],"questions:":[99],"(1)":[100],"what":[101],"are":[102,109,169,353,539],"the":[103,110,138,187,237,242,252,256,269,279,282,287,314,323,339,369,414,491,509,611],"proper":[104,111,125,438],"supplementary":[105,586],"sources?":[106,121],"(2)":[107],"when":[108],"moments":[112],"trigger":[114,439,643],"switch":[116],"between":[117,338,440,644],"To":[122,358,435,550],"find":[123,436],"complementary":[126],"source":[127],"for":[128,274,290,328,425,504,565],"urban":[132,157,234,311,453,493,606],"potential":[139],"large-scale":[140],"infrastructure":[141,189],"human":[143],"collecting":[146],"labelling":[148,386],"data.":[149],"The":[150,456],"ever-expanding":[151],"scale":[152],"WiFi":[154,177,206,296,572,575,584,647],"deployments":[155],"has":[159,419],"made":[160],"accurate":[161,406],"GPS-free":[162],"become":[165,286],"possible.":[166],"Additionally,":[167],"there":[168],"existing":[171,188,394],"crowdsensing":[172],"database":[173],"available":[174,484],"that":[175,249,266,301,413,532,563],"collect":[176],"users'":[180,184],"surrounding":[181],"hotspots":[182,207],"locations.":[185],"Leveraging":[186],"data":[191,273,327,545],"source,":[192],"propose":[194,496,557,623],"WOLoc":[195,259,302,317,331,426],"(WiFi-only":[196],"Outdoor":[197],"Localization)":[198],"using":[204],"only":[205],"labelled":[208,326],"by":[209,232,534,542,570],"crowdsensing.":[210],"On":[211,236],"hand,":[213,239],"do":[215],"not":[216],"take":[217],"these":[218,482],"labels":[219,577],"fingerprints":[221],"it":[223,429],"almost":[225],"impossible":[226],"extend":[228],"mechanisms":[231],"fingerprinting":[233],"areas.":[235,312,607],"avoid":[241],"over-simplified":[243],"local":[244],"synthesis":[245],"methods":[246],"centroid)":[248],"significantly":[250],"lose":[251],"information":[253,473],"contained":[254],"labels.":[257,409],"Instead,":[258],"adopts":[260],"semi-supervised":[262],"manifold":[263,341,597],"learning":[264,499,598],"approach":[265],"accommodates":[267],"all":[268,540],"labeled":[270],"unlabeled":[272,283],"given":[276],"output":[280],"concerning":[281],"will":[285],"estimated":[288],"locations":[289],"both":[291,382,617],"unknown":[292,295],"users":[293],"hotspots.":[297],"Empirical":[298,410],"results":[299,411,538],"show":[300,412],"can":[303,638],"meter-level":[306],"accuracy":[308,618],"success":[315],"cases,":[320],"lack":[324],"hotspot":[329,343,385,407,415],"location,":[330],"may":[332,347],"suffer":[333],"from":[334],"imbalanced":[336],"alignment":[337],"user":[340],"manifold.":[344],"Such":[345],"misalignment":[346],"lead":[348,428],"extreme":[350,422],"cases":[351,424],"meaningless":[354],"some":[356],"scenarios.":[357,455],"reduce":[359],"failures,":[361],"apply":[363],"text":[364],"mining":[365],"techniques":[366,614],"analyze":[368],"SSIDs":[370],"hotspots,":[372],"develop":[374,610],"pipeline":[376,418],"incorporate":[378],"SSID":[379,416,576],"analysis":[380,417],"pre-processing":[383],"process":[387],"WOLoc.":[389],"We":[390,480,582,608,621],"use":[392],"crowdsourced":[395],"location":[396,408,478,506,635],"services":[397],"databases":[398],"(e.g.":[399],"Foursquare,":[400],"Google":[401,535],"Places)":[402],"give":[404],"more":[405,432,472,515,529],"reduced":[421],"failure":[423],"consistent":[433],"WiFi,":[443],"understand":[447],"how":[448],"different":[452,634],"latest":[457],"developments":[458],"Android":[460],"granted":[462],"us":[463],"access":[464],"raw":[466,580],"GNSS":[467,579,625],"measurements,":[468],"contain":[470],"far":[471],"than":[474,519,531],"commonly":[475],"derived":[476],"indicators.":[479],"explore":[481],"newly":[483],"measurements":[485],"order":[487],"better":[489],"characterize":[490],"diversified":[492],"deep":[498,510],"model":[500],"identify":[502],"representations":[503],"respective":[505],"contexts.":[507],"With":[508],"profiling,":[511],"offer":[513],"fine-grained":[516],"semantic":[517],"classification":[518],"binary":[520],"indoor-outdoor":[521],"detection":[522],"derive":[524],"error":[527],"indicator":[528],"meaningful":[530],"provided":[533],"Maps.":[536],"These":[537],"corroborated":[541],"our":[543],"extensive":[544],"collection":[546],"trace-driven":[548],"evaluations.":[549],"sum":[551],"up,":[552],"this":[554],"dissertation,":[555],"series":[559],"data-driven":[561],"approaches":[562],"aim":[564],"exploiting":[571],"RSSI":[573],"data,":[574],"measurements.":[581],"choose":[583],"design":[589],"full":[591],"version":[592],"system":[594],"based":[595],"technique":[599,627],"WiFi-only":[602],"further":[609],"SSID-based":[612],"text-mining":[613],"robustness.":[620],"finally":[622],"profiling":[626],"evaluate":[629],"differentiate":[633],"context,":[636],"be":[639],"used":[640],"solution.":[651]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-08T01:25:22.217667","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}