{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3179511493","doi":"https://doi.org/10.32614/rj-2021-063","title":"stratamatch: Prognostic Score Stratification Using a Pilot Design","display_name":"stratamatch: Prognostic Score Stratification Using a Pilot Design","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3179511493","doi":"https://doi.org/10.32614/rj-2021-063","mag":"3179511493"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.32614/rj-2021-063","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.32614/rj-2021-063","pdf_url":"https://journal.r-project.org/archive/2021/RJ-2021-063/RJ-2021-063.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2489169438","display_name":"The R Journal","issn_l":"2073-4859","issn":["2073-4859"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The R Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://journal.r-project.org/archive/2021/RJ-2021-063/RJ-2021-063.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Rachael,C. Aikens","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rachael,C. Aikens","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041657541","display_name":"Joseph Rigdon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6265-0752"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joseph Rigdon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wake Forest"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wake Forest","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100637876","display_name":"Justin Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9837-1074"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Justin Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041210651","display_name":"Michael Baiocchi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7571-5268"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Baiocchi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Andrew,B. Goldstone","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew,B. Goldstone","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039894397","display_name":"Peter Chiu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8946-6282"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Chiu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063472572","display_name":"Y. Joseph Woo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2506-492X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Y.,Joseph Woo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jonathan,H. Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonathan,H. Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4729,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67050569,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"1","first_page":"614","last_page":"614"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10845","display_name":"Advanced Causal Inference Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10845","display_name":"Advanced Causal Inference Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10243","display_name":"Statistical Methods and Bayesian Inference","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10136","display_name":"Statistical Methods and Inference","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/observational-study","display_name":"Observational study","score":0.8468830585479736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/propensity-score-matching","display_name":"Propensity score matching","score":0.7888628840446472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confounding","display_name":"Confounding","score":0.5924803018569946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection-bias","display_name":"Selection bias","score":0.5581567287445068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stratification","display_name":"Stratification (seeds)","score":0.5232383608818054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.5209230780601501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4944133758544922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.4637378454208374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/econometrics","display_name":"Econometrics","score":0.46294060349464417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/randomization","display_name":"Randomization","score":0.4375345706939697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matching","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","score":0.4361407160758972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/research-design","display_name":"Research design","score":0.4337542653083801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/randomized-controlled-trial","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","score":0.42273780703544617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.33048367500305176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.31277352571487427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2621830999851227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.12100577354431152}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23131810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q818574","display_name":"Observational study","level":2,"score":0.8468830585479736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17923572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7250160","display_name":"Propensity score matching","level":2,"score":0.7888628840446472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77350462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1125472","display_name":"Confounding","level":2,"score":0.5924803018569946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40423286","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q284172","display_name":"Selection bias","level":2,"score":0.5581567287445068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192943249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1893382","display_name":"Stratification (seeds)","level":5,"score":0.5232383608818054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.5209230780601501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4944133758544922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.4637378454208374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.46294060349464417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204243189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1363085","display_name":"Randomization","level":3,"score":0.4375345706939697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.4361407160758972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779318504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1438035","display_name":"Research design","level":2,"score":0.4337542653083801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168563851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","level":2,"score":0.42273780703544617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.33048367500305176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.31277352571487427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2621830999851227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.12100577354431152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3527866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162267","display_name":"Dormancy","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100701293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193838","display_name":"Germination","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88548481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2397491","display_name":"Seed dormancy","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.32614/rj-2021-063","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.32614/rj-2021-063","pdf_url":"https://journal.r-project.org/archive/2021/RJ-2021-063/RJ-2021-063.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2489169438","display_name":"The R Journal","issn_l":"2073-4859","issn":["2073-4859"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The R Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.32614/rj-2021-063","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.32614/rj-2021-063","pdf_url":"https://journal.r-project.org/archive/2021/RJ-2021-063/RJ-2021-063.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2489169438","display_name":"The R Journal","issn_l":"2073-4859","issn":["2073-4859"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The R Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8700000047683716,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3179511493.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3179511493.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W28038548","https://openalex.org/W205130720","https://openalex.org/W253646976","https://openalex.org/W1604649242","https://openalex.org/W1964540128","https://openalex.org/W1969392589","https://openalex.org/W2006290997","https://openalex.org/W2010505816","https://openalex.org/W2036193982","https://openalex.org/W2055759517","https://openalex.org/W2094368311","https://openalex.org/W2097360283","https://openalex.org/W2122771444","https://openalex.org/W2139577967","https://openalex.org/W2150291618","https://openalex.org/W2155163959","https://openalex.org/W2162665923","https://openalex.org/W2169425545","https://openalex.org/W2171443468","https://openalex.org/W2184004622","https://openalex.org/W2559226430","https://openalex.org/W2582743722","https://openalex.org/W2591886632","https://openalex.org/W2793328383","https://openalex.org/W2910632137","https://openalex.org/W2912110689","https://openalex.org/W2966045482","https://openalex.org/W3008905790","https://openalex.org/W3020581684","https://openalex.org/W3090469996","https://openalex.org/W3172489021","https://openalex.org/W4233216783","https://openalex.org/W4294541781","https://openalex.org/W4395473939","https://openalex.org/W4399548547","https://openalex.org/W4399551321","https://openalex.org/W7074255115"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W103747493","https://openalex.org/W3052338136","https://openalex.org/W4385816877","https://openalex.org/W2111412070","https://openalex.org/W2806675867","https://openalex.org/W2111245922","https://openalex.org/W2795791984","https://openalex.org/W2396000345","https://openalex.org/W3216920716","https://openalex.org/W2600329967"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Optimal":[0],"propensity":[1,28],"score":[2,29],"matching":[3,30,47],"has":[4],"emerged":[5],"as":[6],"one":[7],"of":[8,23,27,38,45],"the":[9,24,35,42],"most":[10],"ubiquitous":[11],"approaches":[12],"for":[13,59],"causal":[14],"inference":[15],"studies":[16],"on":[17,34],"observational":[18,68],"data.":[19,69],"However,":[20],"outstanding":[21],"critiques":[22],"statistical":[25,36],"properties":[26],"have":[31],"cast":[32],"doubt":[33],"efficiency":[37],"this":[39,53],"technique,":[40],"and":[41],"poor":[43],"scalability":[44],"optimal":[46],"to":[48],"large":[49],"data":[50],"sets":[51],"makes":[52],"approach":[54],"inconvenient":[55],"if":[56],"not":[57],"infeasible":[58],"sample":[60],"sizes":[61],"that":[62],"are":[63],"increasingly":[64],"commonplace":[65],"in":[66],"modern":[67]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-16T08:26:57.006410","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}